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• Multiscale and multiphysics are vital to simulate the behavior of nuclear reactors. • Coupling are needed to simulate interactions between physical phenomena. • The development of simulation platforms streamlines code integration. • Spain hosts research groups dedicated to multiscale, multiphysics and coupling. In the field of reactor physics analysis, the coupling of multiple physics phenomena plays a crucial role in enhancing the accuracy of predictions and understanding complex systems. Multiphysics refers to the study and analysis of physical phenomena that involve multiple interconnected physical processes occurring simultaneously in a nuclear system to ensure essential aspects of reactor design, safety analysis, and optimization, among others. Multiphysics encompasses various domains of physics, such as Thermal-Hydraulics, Neutronics, Structural Mechanics, Radiation Transport, Chemistry, and Materials Science. On the other hand, the Multiscale approach involves combining high-fidelity models with lower-fidelity ones to accurately capture the relevant physical phenomena in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Multiscale involves three main scales: system level, core level, and detailed analysis scale. This paper presents an overview of the main research performed by Spanish groups in the field of multiphysics and multiscale calculations, particularly on thermal–hydraulic analysis. This revision is focused mainly on two key aspects: thermal–hydraulic multiscale coupling and thermal–hydraulic / neutronic coupling. The paper also includes the expected future trends in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spain has an official policy of open cycle but remains interested in P&T activities. • Spanish institutions cooperate in activities related to advanced fuel cycle scenarios. • Initiatives on the characterization of Generation IV systems have been investigated. • The most suitable partitioning methodologies are evaluated. One of the main drawbacks of current nuclear energy is the generation of high-level radioactive waste. On the other hand, the composition of the used nuclear fuel would still allow a very high amount of energy to be obtained from it. Advanced fuel cycles look for a better use of nuclear fuel while reducing the amount of waste generated by closing the fuel cycle, that is, reprocessing and recycling the useful elements. At the same time, this would increase the sustainability of the fuel cycle. For this to become a reality, research needs to be carried out in fields such as advanced fuel cycle scenarios, advanced nuclear reactors or advanced partitioning processes. Although with an official open fuel cycle policy, Spain remains interested in the reutilization of irradiated fuel and actively participates in the national and international R&D activities that pursue this objective. In this paper, we report on the main activities that are currently being performed and that had been performed in recent years in this field in Spain. The main lines of research followed, and projects in which Spain has participated or is currently participating will be outlined, together with the most relevant results and the knowledge transfer activities which are being carried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]