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This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the number of blades and the use of end plates on the cut in speed of Helical Savonius wind turbine. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The variables used in this study are variations in wind speed from 1 to 5 m/s with intervals of 0.5 m/s. Variations in the number of blades are 2,3, and 4 blades. Variations in the use of end plates and without end plates. The results of this study was found that variations in the number of blades and the use of end plates affect the cut in speed of helical Savonius wind turbine. The fewer the number of turbine blades, the better the turbine's cut in speed will be. 2 blade’s Helical Savonius wind turbine with end plate is turbine variation that is able to produce best cut in speed of 1.97 m/s, compared to other variations.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in gamma ray dose on the physical and mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer blend composites. The method used in this research is experimental. This research was conducted on polymer blend composites, namely recycled High Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled Polypropylene (rPP) with bamboo fiber reinforcement with variations in gamma ray doses of 0 kGy, 25 kGy, 50 kGy, and 75 kGy. Bamboo is processed using a crusher into fibers with a size of 40 mesh and treated with 5% NaOH alkali for 10 minutes then dried using oven for 24 hour at a temperature of 105 °C to remove lignin contained in bamboo fibers. The composite was made using two machines, namely an extrusion machine with a heater temperature of 175 °C, 180 ºC, 185 ºC, and 190 ºC with a screw speed of 25 rpm. Then the injection molding machine with a temperature of 220 ºC with a specimen mold temperature of 90 ºC and an injection pressure of about 45 bar for 20 minutes. Gamma ray treatment was carried out after making the specimen before testing. Where a gamma cell irradiator is used and as a source of gamma rays, cobalt-60 (Co-60) is used. Tensile and water absorption tests are used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the composite material according to ASTM D638 type V and ASTM D570-98 standards. The test results showed that the higher the dose used, the lower the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. The highest tensile strength was found at the 25 kGy dose treatment of 13.68 MPa and the lowest at the 75 kGy dose treatment. The lowest water content absorption and thickness expansion after 144 hours of immersion were at a 50 kGy gamma dose of 3.43% and 1.27%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest condition was found at the 75 kGy gamma ray dose of 3.79% and 1.42%, respectively.

This study with stationary test aims to (1) To investigate the effect of using step up voltage on Honda Beat motorcycles on fuel consumption with stationary test. (2) To investigate the variation of the best voltage from the use of step up voltage on the fuel consumption of Honda Beat 2013 motorcycles with stationary test. (3) To investigate the effect of the use of a mixture of bioethanol and pertalite fuels on the fuel consumption of Honda Beat motorcycles with stationary test. (4) To investigate the variation of the best concentration of mixing bioethanol in pertalite on the fuel consumption of a Honda Beat 2013 motorcycle with stationary test. (5) To investigate the best configuration of a mixture of bioethanol and the use of step up voltage on the fuel consumption of a Honda Beat motorcycle with stationary test. Data collection techniques are needed to obtain results. valid data from the tests that have been carried out. Experimental techniques were used to collect data from each of the variables studied. So that the determination of variables is very necessary by carrying out clear research and testing procedures in order to facilitate the process of collecting data from the results of these experiments. The test results on the stationary test, namely the use of step up voltage, there is an effect on fuel consumption, the best is set at voltage of 14,3 V at 3.65 ml/min. The use of variations in the concentration of bioethanol in pertalite has an effect on fuel consumption with the best results using a 20% bioethanol concentration of 4.56 ml/minute. The best configuration was obtained when the step up voltage was set at 14.1 V and the 25% bioethanol concentration was 4.01 ml/min. more perfect due to a decrease in the level of fuel consumption in the tested vehicle.

The purpose of this study: (1) To investigate the effect of step up voltage on fuel consumption on Honda Beat motorcycles. (2) Investigating the effect of variations in the use of pertalite and pertamax fuels on the use of step up voltage on fuel consumption on Honda Beat motorcycles. (3) Investigating the best configuration on the use of Step Up Voltage on fuel consumption on a Honda Beat motorcycle. The research method used is descriptive investigation. The data obtained from the experimental results are entered into a table displayed in the form of a graph for later analysis. The descriptive research that will be used is a comparative study. The independent variables in this study: (1) The use of step up voltage (2) Variations in the use of pertalite and pertamax fuels (3) Variations in engine speed of 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2500 rpm. (4) Voltage variations are 13.7 V, 13.9 V, 14.1 V, 14.3 V, 14.5 V, and 14.7 V. The dependent variable in this study is fuel consumption under standard conditions and those who have used step-up voltage. The control variable used was a 2013 Honda Beat motorcycle and a 50 ml measuring cup. The results of this study: (1) The use of step up voltage affects the fuel consumption of Honda Beat motorcycles in 2013 because there is a difference in fuel consumption before using step up voltage and after using step up voltage. The use of this tool has been proven to be able to reduce fuel consumption by 0.87 ml/minute at 1500 rpm, with these results, the use of step up voltage affects the combustion quality of the fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber of a motor vehicle which becomes more perfect due to a decrease the fuel consumption of the tested motor vehicle. (2) The use of Pertamax fuel can reduce fuel consumption. The average fuel consumption produced is 6.59 ml/minute, a decrease of 2.33 ml/minute from pertalite fuel. (3) The best configuration to obtain the lowest fuel consumption is to use a step up voltage with Pertamax fuel at a voltage of 14.3 V. This configuration is the best than the other configurations, with a fuel consumption of 3.76 ml/minute at 1500 rpm.

The purposes of this study are: (1) To determine the effect of using Step Up Voltage on torque and power of Honda Beat 2013 motorcycles. (2) To determine the effect of using Pertalie and Pertamax fuel variations on torque and power of Honda Beat 2013 motorcycles. (3) Knowing the best configuration of Step Up Voltage and fuel variations on the torque of the 2013 Honda Beat motorcycle. The research method used is experimental. The data of this research was obtained by measuring the sample of Honda Beat 2013 motorcycle. The independent variable was the use of Step Up Voltage with a voltage variation of 13.7 V to 14.7 V with a range of 0.2 V with Pertamax and Pertalite fuel. The dependent variable is the maximum torque of the axle and the maximum power of the axle which is measured using a dynamometer. The data obtained were then analyzed using a comparative descriptive technique by describing the data in the form of graphs, statistics and tables. From these data, a comparison is made between groups of data. The results of this study are: (1) The use of Step Up Voltage can increase the torque and power of the Honda Beat 2013 motorcycle. The largest increase in torque is at a voltage setting of 13.9 V with an average increase of 0.44 N.m from standard conditions. The average maximum power increase of the largest axle is at a voltage setting of 14.1 V, which is 0.30 HP from standard conditions. (2) The use of Pertamax fuel can increase the torque and power of the Honda Beat 2013 motorcycle. The average torque produced is 19.98 Nm, an increase of 0.26 Nm from pertalite fuel and produces an average power of 7.47 HP, an increase of 0.34. HP of pertalite fuel. (3) The best configuration is obtained from the use of a 13.9 V Step Up Voltage combined with Pertamax fuel. Torque increased by 0.44 N.m from standard conditions to 20.41 N.m and power increased by 0.20 HP from standard conditions to 7.67 HP

The purpose of this study is to develop composite learning practicum module based on project based learning at hand lay-up fabrication materials. This study means to fulfill the needs of composite subject at Mechanical Engineering Education Department in Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University. The method used in this study is the development based on the ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implement-Evaluate) model. Students of Mechanical Engineering Education Department are subject of this study. Questionnaire technique is used for Data collection. This method and technique are carried out to assess the development of composite practicum module content in terms of material, pedagogic, and language. Quantitative analysis techniques was conducted based on the the answers to the questionnaires. This study have an outcome to make even better composite practicum module with enhanced material, pictures, and evaluation. The rating score obtained from subject is 47,61 with very good criteria. The conclusions of this study are: (1) the development of composite learning practicum module based on project based learning has been done with eligibility standard. Therefore, it suitable as a guidebook for doing a proper composite practicum at Mechanical Engineering Education Department. (2) the developed composite learning practicum module has been done through FGD with lectures, then it being implemented on composite practicum activities, and it was rated by subject with average score 47,61 out of 52 that shows very good criteria. This developed practicum module is expected as a guidebook to help students doing proper composite practicum from preparation, analysis, self manufacturing, and able to improve abilities and skills.

The vortex turbine is a moving turbine using artificial whirlpools that will then be converted into alternate energy turbines on the axis. The purpose of this study is to find out how high the Angle of skeleton tilt and dissipation of water affects the electricity and efficiency generated by vortex's water turbines. This study is using experimental methods. The study involves a few steps by preparing water turbines, sets up tools, data retrieval, and data analysis. The research free variable is a variant of the Angle of the skeletal tilt at 0, 5, 10 and a discharge of water at 6.34 l/s, 7.41 l/s, and 8.29 l/s. The bound variables of research are vortex's type of electric power and electricity efficiency. The research control variable is vortex turbine blade and vortex water turbine. The research instrument used is multimeter-based arduino, flowmeter-based arduino, tachometer, bow and digital balance. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis. The test conducted based on variations of water discharge at 6.34 l/s, 7.41 l/s, and 8.29 l/s and skeletal variant turbine gradient at 0, 5, and 10 of the power and efficiency of the turbines generated. Research shows that the maximum data of electrical calculation is obtained on water-discharge at 8.29 l/s with a tilted point 10 which was 10.3 watts, while the maximum efficiency data is obtained on water-diacharge at 8.29 l/s with a tilted point 10 which was 42.9%.

Hydroelectric power is one of the options in utilizing renewable energy. The generators that are made usually use waterfalls. Low water flows such as rivers have not been utilized optimally. This becomes a reference for utilizing river flow by turning it into a whirlpool or vortex flow. This study analyzes the effect of variations in the number of blades and the distance between the blades and the outlet on the electrical output power of a vortex type water turbine. The research method used is experimental. The independent variables are variations in the number of blades 2, 3, and 4 and variations in the distance between the blades and the outlet 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm. The dependent variable of the research is the output power and efficiency of the vortex type water turbine. Data analysis techniques using quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the maximum data for calculating the electrical output power and efficiency with a water discharge of 6.34 L/s was obtained at the number of blades 4 and the distance between the blades and the outlet 6 cm, namely 9.72 Watt and 65.77%. Based on these results indicate that the more the number of blades, the higher the electrical output power produced. Meanwhile, the variation of the distance between the blade and the outlet increases at a height of 6 cm and relatively decreases at a height of 8 cm and 10 cm.

The needs of electrical energy particularly in Indonesia is very great and continues to increase every year. The development of a micro scale horizontal axis wind turbine can be a solution to solve that. This research has a purpose to find out the influence of number of blades and wind speed variation on electrical energy produced by micro scale horizontal axis wind turbines. The method which was used in this research was experiment method and it was implemented at the Laboratory of Study Program of Mechanical Engineering Education of Sebelas Maret University. The variable that was used in this research was by using blades with airfoil SG6043 with variations of blades number and the giving load in the form of 12v and 24v LED lights. The horizontal axis wind turbine rotor has a diameter of 800 mm and a blade length of 400 mm which is printed with 3D Printing PLA material. The data collection was implemented on the wind speed of 1 m/s to 5 m/s. The results of this research is the wind turbine that used 5 blades produced the highest power of 9.22 Watt at 24v loading and had the highest power performance value of 0.241 at maximum wind speed of 5 m/s. The number of blades and wind speed and loading could affect the electrical power produced by the turbine, the more blades and the higher the wind speed, the greater the power generated by the turbine.

This research aims to determine the effect of the variations use of starch adhesive on the RDF-5 burn time from coffee ground and sengon sawdust. The method used in this research is experimental. Independent variables in this research are ratio of variations in composition of the ingredients are 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 and variations in concentration of adhesive are 10%, 20%, 30%. Dependent variables in this research is burn time. Control variables in this research are mesh, pressing pressure, and the resulting RDF-5 dimensions. This research was conducted in the Mechanical Engineering Education Laboratory of the UNS in Campus V. Data collection of burning time using stopwatch and blower. The longest burn time was found in 100:0 composition variation and 30% adhesive concentration. The result of research showed that the longest burn time produced by RDF- 5 which uses the most starch adhesive.

This research aims to test: (1) to know the effect of fuel heating through radial finned pipe in upper tank radiator to fuel consumption of Suzuki APV car, (2) to know the effect of ethanol addition on fuel of gas type pertalite to fuel consumption of Suzuki car APV, and (3) know the effect of fuel heating through radially finned pipes inside the upper tank radiator and the addition of ethanol to the fuel to the fuel consumption of Suzuki APV cars.This research uses experimental method with comparative descriptive data analysis. The research sample used is Suzuki APV with machine number G15A1D100006. Data obtained from the amount of fuel consumption in one minute at idle cycle with variation of percentage of mixed pertalite and ethanol 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% using the method without heating fuel and using heating Fuel radial finned capillary pipes within the upper tank radiator. The data obtained from the research results are inserted into the table and displayed in graphical form, then analyzed.The results of this research is: (1) the use of fuel heating using radially finned pipe in the upper tank radiator increases fuel consumption in Suzuki APV engines. The highest increase in fuel consumption on fuel heating using radially finned pipes with a spacing of 10 mm fin without ethanol mixture of 81.67 ml / min. Difference of consumption is 20 ml / min or 32.4% of standard state consumption,(2) the addition of ethanol in gasoline can reduce the fuel consumption of Suzuki APV cars. The variation of ethanol addition to the most economical fuel when adding 20% ethanol content of 51.67 ml / min. Difference in consumption 10 ml / min or 16.21% of standard state consumption, (3) the addition of ethanol to fuel and heating fuel decreases fuel consumption on Suzuki APV engines. The largest decrease in consumption at 20% ethanol content and no fuel heating of 51.67 ml / min. Decrease in consumption by 10 ml / min or as much as 16.21% of fuel consumption in the standard state.

Solar and wind are sources of potential energy that are not widely used. The kinetic energy of wind and thermal energy of solar can be converted into electrical energy source. Both of these energy sources in addition to not polluting are also available in unlimited quantities.This experimental research studying the effect of the slope angle of solar panel to determine the most optimal angle and the feasibility between solar panels and wind turbines in the area of Campus V UNS. Variations of the angle that is used in this research is the angle of 18o; 24o; 30o; and 36o. The measurement is done by measuring the electrical current and the voltage of the electricity produced in solar panels as well as to measure the wind speed as a comparison to find out the electrical power generated in wind turbines. This research was conducted in the area of campus V UNS Pabelan for 30 days.The results showed that the power generated influenced the angle of the slope in the solar panel. The Highest power produced is 41.1 Watt at the intensity of the sunlight 120000 lux on the slope angle of solar panel is 24o, while at the slope angel of solar panels an 18o, 30o, and 36o, in respectively is 37.4; 39.7; and 38.6 Watts. This research states that solar panels produce electrical power more effective and optimal than wind turbines. The highest average of electricity power for 30 days generated by solar panels is 40.19 Watt at 11:20 a.m. while wind turbines produce the highest average of electrical power is 7.88 Watt at 15:40 p.m.

New and renewable energy (EBT) is a source of energy that can be created by humans by utilizing solid waste from industrial processing. One example of making renewable energy is RDF. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is a form of solid waste utilization that is used from industries and households which have a high calorific value which can be used as a new alternative fuel. RDF is the treatment of waste which is used as an alternative energy material. The materials used to make RDF in this study are coffee grounds and bagasse. For the manufacture of coffee grounds and bagasse are mixed and adhesive is added. The mixture ratio is 100: 0, 30: 70,50: 50,70: 30, and 0: 100 for adhesive concentration using 10%, 20%, and 30%. The finished RDF-5 is tested by testing the burn time. Tests were carried out at the Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering Education, FKIP UNS. The method used an experimental method. The variables examined in this study are the independent variables, the dependent variable and the control variable. The free variation consists of variations between the composition of coffee grounds and bagasse with the following ratios 100: 0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0: 100 as well as variations in adhesive concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The dependent variable consists of burn time. The control variables consist of the RDF-5 printer with a pressure of 6 kg / cm2 and a filter used with a size of 10 mesh. The best test results for burning time are 30 bagasse + 70 coffee grounds mixed with 30% adhesive concentration with a result of 1370 seconds.

This research aims to : 1) Investigate the effect of heating fuel through radial finned copper pipe in the upper tank of the radiator exhaust emissions on cars Suzuki APV; 2) Investigate the effect of adding ethanol to the fuel pertalite against exhaust emissions on cars Suzuki APV; 3) Investigate the effect of heating fuel through radial finned copper pipe in the upper tank of the radiator and the addition of ethanol to the fuel pertalite against exhaust emissions on cars Suzuki APV; 4) Analyze the comparison between the results of the fuel mixture pertalite heating and heating fuel ethanol pertamax through two copper pipe to the exhaust emissions of the Suzuki APV. This research use you right experimental method with a comparative descriptive data analysis. The sample used is a Suzuki APV with G15A1D100006 machine number. Data were obtained from a large measurement exhaust emission levels CO and HC for 20 seconds at idle rotation with variations mix pertalite and ethanol as much as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% using the method without heating fuel and the use of heating fuel through a copper pipe finned radial variation fin spacing of 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm In the upper radiator tank. Data obtained from the research that is inserted into the table and displayed in a graph, and then analyzed. The results of this study were: 1) heating fuel pertalite in radial finned pipe through the upper radiator tank to the injection cars Suzuki APV can decrease the value of exhaust emissions of CO and HC;2) Addition of ethanol in fuel pertalite with higher levels of 0% to 20% decline in the value of exhaust emissions of CO and HC. Exhaust emissions of CO and HC to increase again in the levels of ethanolblending with levels of 25% and 30%; 3) heating fuel in a radial finned pipe through the upper radiator tank to the injection Suzuki APV car down the value of exhaust emissions of CO and HC. Value exhaust emissions lowest CO occur in the application of finned pipe distance of 10 mm with a mixture of 20% ethanol content of 19% and HC 0.3 by 2 24 to 33 ppm; 4) The value of exhaust emissions of CO and HC in blending ethanol content to 20% lower than the lowest value of the results of exhaust emissions of CO and HC pertamax pure with a value of 0.354% levels of CO and HC at 229.67 Ppm.

This research aims to know: (1) relevance of learning school with Honda; (2) implementation of curriculum techniques motorcycles Honda in Vocational High School Pancasila Surakarta; (3) evaluation curriculum techniques motorcycles Honda in Vocational High School Pancasila Surakarta. This research is evaluative research. Data source derived from 98 students TSM-Honda, headmaster, Deputy Headschool of curriculum, curriculum development division Honda. Data techniques include by questionnaire, interview, observation, and documentation. This research used logic validity or reasoning that instrument is valid based on rational analysis. Apparatus are arranged based on reasoning should be referred to experts so this instrument truly intelligent before distributed to respondents. The procedure consists research method, determine, devise research instruments, data retrieval, data analysis, the withdrawal of conclusion. The conclusion is: (1) curriculum implementation of Motorcycle-Honda Engineering is composed of four aspects context, planning, execution and evaluation, curriculum implementation of Honda overall reaches 72% with a high category; (2) context aspect reaches 78% with top grade. This means that the aspect context which includes the relevance of learning school with Honda and Honda-TSM program eligibility is already proper; (3) planning aspect reached 68% with a high category. Aspects planning that includes an input of students, the quality of the applicants, the parties involved, the training of teacher preparedness, Honda's been good; (4) implementation aspect of the reach 74% with a high category. Implementation aspects of administrative arrangement that includes teaching, learning materials, tools and materials, media of learning, learning methods are already good; (5) evaluation aspect reached 67% with a high category. An evaluation includes elements of competency teachers, students, students ' value competency, communication with Honda, the success of curriculum, curriculum development is already good.

The research aims to investigate the condition of Basuki boiler based on the ratio between fuel consumption and steam production. The research used quantitative-descriptive method. The population of this research was daily record of Basuki boiler. The sample was daily record of Basuki boiler performance for 1 year (February 2015 to January 2016). The sample was taken using purposive sampling method. The research analyzed the ability of fuel to produce a ton (1000 kilograms) of steam. The ability of fuel was depended on the highest heating value (HHV) and water contain in the coal. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that Basuki boiler condition based on its ratio between fuel consumption and steam production was good, because the ratio that shown (144.09) was less than the company’s target (150), it meant that the boiler only used 144.09 kilograms of coal to produce a ton of steam. The average of fuel consumption for 1 year was 1,484.99 kg/h and the average of steam production was 10,305.76 kg/h.

The research is intended to improve successfully learning motivation and achievement in Mechanical Engineering B, 11th grade at vocational high school of Bhinneka Karya Surakarta in Machinery Practical Learning using Practice Rehearsal Pairs learning model. The research is Classroom Action Research that conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages, there are: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The instruments to collect the data, there are questionnaire, interview, test, observation, and documentation. The data was carried out using descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of research showed that there is an improvement in students’ learning motivation and achievement. The student’ learning motivation increased from 74.5% in cycle 1 to 92.59% of students having learned motivation belonging to minimally good category in cycle 2. The students’ cognitive learning achievement increased from 66.67% to 88.89%, the affective learning achievement increased from 81.48% to 85.19%, and the psychomotor learning achievement of students increased from 74.07% to 88.89% of students who could achieve MPC.