Search

Purpose: Negative symptoms are commonly regarded as a symptom dimension belonging to schizophrenia spectrum disorders but are also present in depression. The recently developed Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) has shown to be reliable and valid. A corresponding self-report questionnaire has also been developed, named the Motivation and Pleasure Scale - Self Report (MAP-SR). The purpose was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the MAP-SR in patients with either schizophrenia or depression., Materials and Methods: The MAP-SR was translated to Swedish. Participants were 33 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 52 patients with a depressive disorder and they completed the MAP-SR, the CAINS and other measures assessing adjacent psychopathology, functioning and cognition., Results: The internal consistency for the MAP-SR was adequate in both groups (schizophrenia spectrum α = .93, depressive disorder α = .82). Furthermore, the MAP-SR had a large correlation to the motivation and pleasure subscale of the CAINS in patients with schizophrenia disorders (r = -0.75, p < .001), however among patients with depression this correlation was medium-to-large ( r  = -0.48, p  < 0.001)., Conclusions: Findings suggest that the Swedish version of the MAP-SR shows promise as a useful measure of motivation and pleasure, especially in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, results also suggest that the MAP-SR does not assess negative symptoms specifically, but that there is an overlap between depressive and negative symptoms.

Purpose: The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) was developed in order to advance the assessment of negative symptoms. The aim of this study was to validate the Swedish version of the CAINS., Materials and Methods: Thirty-four out-patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were recruited. All patients were videotaped while interviewed with the CAINS and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Another rater watched the video recordings in the reverse order, enabling a blinded design. The patients also filled in self-reported measures of depression, quality of life, and social and vocational functioning. We calculated inter-rater agreement and internal consistency for the CAINS. We also calculated validity measures by correlating the subscales Motivation and Pleasure (CAINS-MAP) and Expression (CAINS-EXP) to subscales of the BPRS., Results: The blinded inter-rater agreement for the CAINS total score was high (ICC = 0.92) but slightly lower for the expression subscale (ICC = 0.76). Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 for the total score. Convergent validity with the negative symptoms subscale of BPRS was different for the blinded and the unblinded data, with a CAINS-MAP correlation of 0.10 ( p  = 0.580) and a CAINS-EXP correlation of 0.48 ( p  = 0.004) in the blinded data. The unblinded data had a CAINS-MAP correlation of 0.38 ( p  = 0.026) and a CAINS-EXP correlation of 0.87 ( p  < 0.001). Self-rated measures of anhedonia correlated to CAINS-MAP with a coefficient of 0.68 ( p  < 0.001), while the CAINS-EXP only had a correlation of 0.16 ( p  = 0.366) to these measures., Conclusion: The Swedish version of the CAINS displays adequate psychometric properties in line with earlier validation studies.