1. The emerging role of gasotransmitters in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis
- Author
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Vikram Saini, Joel N. Glasgow, Jack R. Lancaster, Krishna C. Chinta, James H. Mazorodze, Darshan Reddy, Md. Aejazur Rahman, and Adrie J. C. Steyn
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Physiology ,030106 microbiology ,Clinical Biochemistry ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Nitric Oxide ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Microbiology ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Gasotransmitter ,Humans ,Hydrogen Sulfide ,Hypoxia ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,Pathogen ,Gasotransmitters ,Reactive nitrogen species ,Carbon Monoxide ,biology ,Intracellular parasite ,respiratory system ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Oxygen ,030104 developmental biology ,Regulon ,chemistry ,Heme oxygenase-1 ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Intracellular - Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the second largest contributor to global mortality caused by an infectious agent after HIV. In infected host cells, Mtb is faced with a harsh intracellular environment including hypoxia and the release of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) by immune cells. Hypoxia, NO and CO induce a state of in vitro dormancy where Mtb senses these gases via the DosS and DosT heme sensor kinase proteins, which in turn induce a set of ∼47 genes, known as the Mtb Dos dormancy regulon. On the contrary, both iNOS and HO-1, which produce NO and CO, respectively, have been shown to be important against mycobacterial disease progression. In this review, we discuss the impact of O2, NO and CO on Mtb physiology and in host responses to Mtb infection as well as the potential role of another major endogenous gas, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), in Mtb pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2016
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