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Music and ketamine are both known to affect therapeutic outcomes, but few studies have investigated their co-administration. This scoping review describes the existing literature on the joint use of music and ketamine—or esketamine (the S (+) enantiomer of ketamine)—in humans. The review considers that extant studies have explored the intersection of ketamine/esketamine and music in healthy volunteers and in patients of various age groups, at different dosages, through different treatment processes, and have varied the sequence of playing music relative to ketamine/esketamine administration. Studies investigating the use of music during ketamine anesthesia are also included in the review because anesthesia and sedation were the early drivers of ketamine use. Studies pertaining to recreational ketamine use were omitted. The review was limited to articles published in the English language but not restricted by publication year. To the best of our knowledge, this scoping review is the first comprehensive exploration of the interplay between music and ketamine/esketamine and offers valuable insights to researchers interested in designing future studies. • The co-administration of music and ketamine has rarely been explored. • With ketamine alone, music reduces dissociation and anxiety and boosts tolerability. • In combination drug studies, music promotes relaxation and reduces sedative load. • Patient-specific factors influence how music impacts response to ketamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co-occurrence of AUD and obesity highlights overlapping risk factors and neurobiology. • Sensory percepts (visual, taste and smell) for alcohol/food activates reward circuitry. • Disruption of executive and default mode network occurs in AUD and obesity. • Neuromodulation using sensory cues is used for AUD and obesity treatment. • Brain stimulation could be possible treatment for AUD post bariatric surgery. Neuroimaging techniques to measure the function of the human brain such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are powerful tools for understanding the underlying neural circuitry associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and obesity. The sensory (visual, taste and smell) paradigms used in neuroimaging studies represent an ideal platform to investigate the connection between the different neural circuits subserving the reward/executive control systems in these disorders, which may offer a translational mechanism for novel intervention predictions. Thus, the current review provides an integrated summary of the recent neuroimaging studies that have applied cue-reactivity paradigms and neuromodulation strategies to explore underlying alterations in neural circuitry as well in treatment strategies in AUD and obesity. Finally, we discuss literature on mechanisms associated with increased alcohol sensitivity post-bariatric surgery (BS) which offers guidance for future research to use sensory percepts in elucidating the relation of reward signaling in AUD development post-BS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]