5 results on '"Nicole L. Spartano"'
Search Results
2. What Can Longitudinal Observational Studies of Physical Activity Teach Us About Prevention of Dementia?
- Author
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Nicole L. Spartano and Leonardo Pantoni
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Gerontology ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Physical activity ,Brain Structure and Function ,Prevention of dementia ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Leisure Activities ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cognitive decline ,education ,Exercise ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Brain ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Dementia ,Observational study ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that greater levels of leisure-time moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in midlife or late life are associated with larger gray matter volumes, less white matter disease, and fewer cerebrovascular lesions measured in late life, we utilized data from 1,604 participants enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. METHODS: Leisure-time MVPA was quantified using a past-year recall, interviewer-administered questionnaire at baseline and 25 years later and classified as none, low, middle, and high at each time point. The presence of cerebrovascular lesions, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), white matter integrity (mean fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]), and gray matter volumes were quantified with 3T MRI in late life. The odds of cerebrovascular lesions were estimated with logistic regression. Linear regression estimated the mean differences in WMH, mean FA and MD, and gray matter volumes. RESULTS: Among 1,604 participants (mean age 53 years, 61% female, 27% Black), 550 (34%), 176 (11%), 250 (16%), and 628 (39%) reported no, low, middle, and high MVPA in midlife, respectively. Compared to no MVPA in midlife, high MVPA was associated with more intact white matter integrity in late life (mean FA difference 0.13 per SD [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004, 0.26]; mean MD difference −0.11 per SD [95% CI −0.21, −0.004]). High MVPA in midlife was also associated with a lower odds of lacunar infarcts (odds ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.46, 0.99). High MVPA was not associated with gray matter volumes. High MVPA compared to no MVPA in late life was associated with most brain measures. CONCLUSION: Greater levels of physical activity in midlife may protect against cerebrovascular sequelae in late life.
- Published
- 2021
3. Midlife exercise blood pressure, heart rate, and fitness relate to brain volume 2 decades later
- Author
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Charles DeCarli, Jayandra J. Himali, Gregory D. Lewis, Nicole L. Spartano, Sudha Seshadri, Ramachandran S. Vasan, and Alexa S. Beiser
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical fitness ,Diastole ,Blood Pressure ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Heart Rate ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Exercise physiology ,Treadmill ,Cerebrum ,Exercise ,Aged ,Framingham Risk Score ,business.industry ,Brain morphometry ,Middle Aged ,Blood pressure ,Physical Fitness ,Exercise Test ,Physical therapy ,Cardiology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
To determine whether poor cardiovascular (CV) fitness and exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were associated with worse brain morphology in later life.Framingham Offspring participants (n = 1,094, 53.9% female) free from dementia and CV disease (CVD) underwent an exercise treadmill test at a mean age of 40 ± 9 years. A second treadmill test and MRI scans of the brain were administered 2 decades later at mean age of 58 ± 8 years.Poor CV fitness and greater diastolic BP and HR response to exercise at baseline were associated with a smaller total cerebral brain volume (TCBV) almost 2 decades later (all p0.05) in multivariable adjusted models; the effect of 1 SD lower fitness was equivalent to approximately 1 additional year of brain aging in individuals free of CVD. In participants with prehypertension or hypertension at baseline, exercise systolic BP was also associated with smaller TCBV (p0.05).Our results suggest that lower CV fitness and exaggerated exercise BP and HR responses in middle-aged adults are associated with smaller brain volume nearly 2 decades later. Promotion of midlife CV fitness may be an important step towards ensuring healthy brain aging.
- Published
- 2016
4. Prestroke physical activity to reduce stroke severity
- Author
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Nicole L. Spartano and Julie Bernhardt
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030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical activity ,Lower risk ,Affect (psychology) ,Article ,Brain Ischemia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Exercise ,Stroke ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,Lipid profile ,business ,Psychosocial ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objective To investigate the influence of prestroke physical activity (PA) on acute stroke severity. Methods Data from patients with first stroke were retrieved from registries with a cross-sectional design. The variables were PA, age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and statin treatment, stroke severity, myocardial infarction, new stroke during hospital stay, and duration of inpatient care at stroke unit. PA was assessed with Saltin-Grimby's 4-level Physical Activity Level Scale, and stroke severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Logistic regression was used to predict stroke severity, and negative binomial regression was used to compare the level of PA and stroke severity. Results The study included 925 patients with a mean age of 73.1 years, and 45.2% were women. Patients who reported light or moderate PA levels were more likely to present a mild stroke (NIHSS score 0 to 5) compared with physically inactive patients in a model that also included younger age as a predictor (odds ratio = 2.02 for PA and odds ratio = 0.97 for age). The explanatory value was limited at 6.8%. Prestroke PA was associated with less severe stroke, and both light PA such as walking at least 4 h/wk and moderate PA 2–3 h/wk appear to be beneficial. Physical inactivity was associated with increased stroke severity. Conclusions This study suggests that PA and younger age could result in a less severe stroke. Both light PA such as walking at least 4 h/wk and moderate PA 2–3 h/wk appear to be beneficial.
- Published
- 2018
5. Fitness and dementia risk
- Author
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Nicole L. Spartano and Tiia Ngandu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cardiovascular health ,Cardiovascular risk factors ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Affect (psychology) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lifestyle intervention ,medicine ,Dementia ,Vascular aging ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Subclinical infection - Abstract
Cardiovascular dysfunction and vascular aging are systemic conditions that affect all major target organs, including the brain.1 It follows that cardiovascular disease (CVD), subclinical cardiovascular conditions, and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an elevated risk for developing dementia. These associations are important because they reveal a potential opportunity to prevent dementia through management and treatment of CVD and its risk factors with both pharmaceutical options (such as promising examples from antihypertension medication trials)1 and lifestyle interventions that improve cardiovascular health.
- Published
- 2018
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