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Public safety is a critical concern, typically addressed through security checks at entrances of public places, involving trained officers or X-ray scanning machines to detect prohibited items. However, many places like hospitals, schools, and event centres lack such resources, risking security breaches. Even with X-ray scanners or manual checks, gaps can be exploited by individuals with malicious intent, posing significant security risks. Additionally, traditional methods, relying on manual inspections and conventional image processing techniques, are often inefficient and prone to high error rates. To mitigate these risks, we propose a real-time detection model - EnhanceNet using a customized Scale-Enhanced Pooling Network (SEP-Net) integrated into the YOLOv4. The innovative SEP-Net enhances feature representation and localization accuracy, significantly contributing to the model's efficacy in detecting prohibited items. We annotated a custom dataset of nine classes and evaluated our models using different input sizes (608 and 416). The 608 input size achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 74.10% with a detection speed of 22.3 Frames per Second (FPS). The 416 input size showed superior performance, achieving a mAP of 76.75% and a detection speed of 27.1 FPS. These demonstrate that our models are accurate and efficient, making them suitable for real-time applications.

Aiming at early detection and accurate prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to reduce mortality rates, this study focuses on the development of an intelligent predictive system to identify individuals at risk of CVD. The primary objective of the proposed system is to combine deep learning models with advanced data mining techniques to facilitate informed decision-making and precise CVD prediction. This approach involves several essential steps, including the preprocessing of acquired data, optimized feature selection, and disease classification, all aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the system. The chosen optimal features are fed as input to the disease classification models and into some Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for improved performance in CVD classification. The experiment was simulated in the Python platform and the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and F1_score were employed to assess the models' performances. The ML models (Extra Trees (ET), Random Forest (RF), AdaBoost, and XG-Boost) classifiers achieved high accuracies of 94.35%, 97.87%, 96.44%, and 99.00%, respectively, on the test set, while the proposed CardioVitalNet (CVN) achieved 87.45% accuracy. These results offer valuable insights into the process of selecting models for medical data analysis, ultimately enhancing the ability to make more accurate diagnoses and predictions.

Interpretable machine learning models are instrumental in disease diagnosis and clinical decision-making, shedding light on relevant features. Notably, Boruta, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), and BorutaShap were employed for feature selection, each contributing to the identification of crucial features. These selected features were then utilized to train six machine learning algorithms, including LR, SVM, ETC, AdaBoost, RF, and LR, using diverse medical datasets obtained from public sources after rigorous preprocessing. The performance of each feature selection technique was evaluated across multiple ML models, assessing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Among these, SHAP showcased superior performance, achieving average accuracies of 80.17%, 85.13%, 90.00%, and 99.55% across diabetes, cardiovascular, statlog, and thyroid disease datasets, respectively. Notably, the LGBM emerged as the most effective algorithm, boasting an average accuracy of 91.00% for most disease states. Moreover, SHAP enhanced the interpretability of the models, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving disease diagnosis. This comprehensive study contributes significant insights into feature selection techniques and machine learning algorithms for disease diagnosis, benefiting researchers and practitioners in the medical field. Further exploration of feature selection methods and algorithms holds promise for advancing disease diagnosis methodologies, paving the way for more accurate and interpretable diagnostic models.