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The closely related species and forms of the plant-hopper genus Muellerianella have been studied. In Western Europe this complex consists of three bisexual species and a number of triploid forms which reproduce by gynogenesis. M. extrusa Scott 1871 appears to be a distinct species which lives on Molinia caerulea. It is here taken out of synonymy from M. fairmairei Perris 1857, which lives on Holcus lanatus. The third species, M. brevipennis Boheman 1847, lives on Deschampsia cespitosa. Intra- and inter-specific morphological differences in males and females are described in detail, including geographic variation. Triploid forms, which are usually associated with M. fairmairei cannot be distinguished from bisexual females of this species. Distribution maps are given for each bisexual species and for the triploid forms which are based on an evaluation of literature data, museum collections and on 150 new samples taken all over Europe.