1. CKD NUTRITION, INFLAMMATION AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
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Abdelouahed Khalil, Anteo Di Napoli, Stephen Zewinger, Mariusz Flisiński, Domenico Trimboli, Maurizio Bossola, Marina Biagioli, Odile Azoulay, Michele Buemi, Piergiorgio Bolasco, Andreea Ilyes, Ángeles Álvarez, Valeria Cernaro, Polichronis Alivanis, Gabriel Stefan, Mehmet Haberal, Marcelo Costa Batista, Jerzy Chudek, Mujdat Batur Canoz, Branka Mitic, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Anna Stefańska, Christiaan L. Meuwese, Anna Kamińska, Vera Jankowski, Yeon Soon Jung, Luisa Sereni, Rafał Donderski, Ho Sik Shin, Ciprian Stoica, Peter Stenvinkel, Insa E. Emrich, Rosanna Coppo, Boris Zingerman, Rachid Saile, Sonja Radenkovic, Yener Koc, Ilona Miśkowiec-Wiśniewska, Tatjana Cvetkovic, Danilo Fliser, Grigore Dogaru, Simonetta Palleschi, Milica Bozic, Urszula Spiechowicz-Zatoń, Kevin J. Woollard, Serpil Nebioğlu, Erik W. Holy, Hark Rim, Mahmut Gok, Adriana Arena, Iryna Dudar, Goran Paunovic, Elvira Fernández, Maria Inês Barreto-Silva, Jacek Manitius, Naohito Isoyama, Demet Yavuz, Michael Böhm, Jose M. Valdivielso, Paolo Maria Ghezzi, Silvia Regina Manfredi, Paweł Stróżecki, Yusuf Oguz, Maria L Lusini, Miomir Stojanovic, Gabriel Mircescu, Mikio Sugano, Paula Maria Gliga, Zeynep Bal, Mirela Liana Gliga, Elisa Loiacono, Hilmi Umut Ünal, Viktoria Alekseeva, Sun Chul Kim, Hyun Yul Rhew, José Tarcísio Giffoni de Carvalho, Foteini Lamprianou, Ekrem Kara, Sang-Kyung Jo, Barbara E. Stähli, Abdulkadir Unsal, Francesco Franco, Murat Karaman, Shunsuke Goto, Sumie Goto, Richard J. Johnson, Tamer Sakaci, Christophe Dubois, Roman Junik, Nikolaos Karvouniaris, Nikitas Moschos, Timo Speer, Kathleen Claes, Maria Teresa Ingegneri, Gunnar H. Heine, Pieter Evenepoel, Zahava Gamzo, Juan Jesus Carrero, Keiji Kono, Bertrand Gondouin, Sylwia Rotkegel, Mehmet Kanbay, Sebahattin Sari, Roxanne Darbousset, Shinichi Nishi, Andrzej Brymora, Bahar Gurlek Demirci, Vincenzo Bellizzi, Joanna Siódmiak, Domenico Di Lallo, Ye Na Kim, Latife Atasoy Karakas, Adam M. Zawada, Alexander Akhmedov, Mustafa Sevinc, Tuncay Sahutoglu, Hrvoje Cvija, Giovanni G. Camici, Ayse C Akbasli, Mahmut I Yilmaz, Christos Paliouras, Karolina Paunovic, Bulent Erbay, Carla Cavalheiro da Silva Lemos, Frances Costa-Silva, Marina Davoli, Liesbeth Viaene, Fatma Nurhan Ozdemir, Mehtap Erkmen Uyar, Kentaro Nakai, Adrian Covic, Danijela Tasic, Jarosław Ciepał, Mauro Atti, Gunnar Heine, Stéphane Burtey, Domenico Santoro, Benaya Rozen-Zvi, Simone Vargas, Lucia Rohrer, Gaetano Montalto, Hakki Cetinkaya, Turan Colak, Bert Bammens, Alessandro Amore, Tayfun Eyileten, Paul Leurs, Liliana Viasu, Theodoros Haviatsos, Yalcin Solak, Antonino Sidoti, Carmen de Pablo, Tayfun EyIeten, Vincenzo Savica, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Yasemin Gulcan Kurt, Gordana Kocic, Joachim Jankowski, Andrea Pisacane, Katarzyna Wyskida, Kenan Keven, Sunna Snaedal, Zorica Dimitrijevic, Nikolaos Papagiannis, Abdülgaffar Vural, Taner Basturk, Mutlu Saglam, Björn Anderstam, Hilmi Umut Unal, Serena Chicca, Aline Trevisan Peres, Maria Eugênia Fernandes Canziani, Alberto Ortiz, Mahmut Ilker Yilmaz, Bengt Lindholm, Stéphane Poitevin, Kiryong Park, Paolo M. Ghezzi, Antonio Pisani, Marialuisa Caiazzo, Noreddine Ghalim, Viktor Krot, Silvia Lucisano, Maria Aparecida Dalboni, Eleonora Riccio, Sarah Seiler, Giorgos Ntetskas, Oskar Svedberg, Carmela Aloisi, Sangeon Gwoo, Peter Bárány, Maria Bożentowicz-Wikarek, Alpaslan Altunoglu, O.M. Loboda, Elbis Ahbap, Dariusz Klein, Tuncer Cayci, Siren Sezer, Rosaria Lupica, Giuseppe Vita, Ruben Poesen, Björn Meijers, Nagba Yendoubé Gbandjaba, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, Burak Sayin, Won Yong Cho, Beata Marie Redublo Quinto, J. J. Carrero, Yuriko Yonekura, Felix C. Tanner, Miguel Cendoroglo, Olof Heimbürger, Cuneyt Akgol, Paola Michelozzi, Sarah Triem, Yoshiharu Ito, Emanouil Anastasakis, GrażYna Odrowa˛ż-Sypniewska, Caren Cristina Grabulosa, Aniceta Brzozowska, Hyung Kyu Kim, Marek Kretowicz, Maria Inês Barreto Silva, Thereza Christina Barja-Fidalgo, Yusuke Yamashita, Hideki Fujii, Simona Stancu, Luigi Tazza, Giuseppe Palladino, Nilufer Bayraktar, Rachel Bregman, Rahman Yavuz, Cengizhan Acikel, Barbara Rossi, Cristina Capusa, Massimo Sabbatini, Myung Gyu Kim, Guido Bellinghieri, Renata de Souza Mendes, Dorin Tarta, Radmila Veličković-Radovanović, Kyrill S. Rogacev, Kostantinos Roufas, and Thomas F. Lüscher
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Transplantation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Framingham Risk Score ,Cardiovascular History ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Renal function ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Endocrinology ,Nephrology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Myocardial infarction ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Serum p-cresyl sulfate associates with cardiovascular disease in patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease. p-Cresyl sulfate concentrations are determined by intestinal uptake of p-cresol, human metabolism to p-cresyl sulfate and renal clearance. Whether intestinal uptake of p-cresol itself is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with renal disease has not been studied to date. Methods: We performed a prospective study in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1-5 (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00441623). Intestinal uptake of p-cresol, under steady state conditions, was estimated from 24h urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate. Primary endpoint was time to first cardiovascular event, i.e. cardiac death, myocardial infarction/ischemia, ventricular arythmia, cardiovascular surgery, cerebrovascular accident or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Statistical analysis was done using Kaplan Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results: In a cohort of 200 patients, median 24h urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate was 457.47 µmol (IQR 252.68-697.17). After a median follow-up of 52 months, 25 patients reached the primary endpoint (tertile 1/2/3: 5/6/14 events, log rank P 0.0368, see figure). Higher urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate was related with cardiovascular events (univariate hazard ratio per 100 µmol increase: 1.112, P 0.0015). In multivariate analysis, urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate remained a predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of markers of renal function (Hazard ratio 1.120, P 0.0022) and in different models with other cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham risk factors, cardiovascular history, diabetes mellitus and biochemical parameters). The independent association between urinary excretion of p-cresyl sulfate and outcome persisted after correction for serum p-cresyl sulfate. Conclusions: Intestinal uptake of p-cresol associates with cardiovascular disease independent of renal function. Insights into mechanisms governing intestinal generation and absorption of p-cresol may lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease.
- Published
- 2014
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