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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of mineral and bone disorders (MBD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iran and the extent to which KDIGO goals were met. Methods: This multi-centre observational studywasconductedonpatients withCKDstages 4, 5, and5D. Data were collectedfroma total of 209patients withnosurgical or medical conditions that precluded their participation. This study assessed the frequency of measurements, serum levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), the achievement of the targets recommended by the 2009 KDIGO guidelines, and the presence of vascular/valvular calcification. Results: The KDIGO targets for P, Ca, and iPTH, were achieved in 47, 51, and 18 of the patients with stage 4 + 5 and in 63, 50, and 44 of the patients with stage 5D, respectively. The serum PTH level of 18 of the patients with CKD stage 4 + 5 was within the recommended range, while it was higher than the recommended level in other patients. Among patients with CKD stage 5D, the serum PTH level was within, below, and above the recommended range in 44, 39, and 17 of the patients, respectively. The frequency of the measurement of the blood levels of Ca, P, and PTH were based on the 2009 KDIGO guidelines in 88 of patients. Forty-six percent of cases were screened for vascular/valvular calcification, 30 of whom had calcification at least in one site. Conclusions: The current status is far from the targets recommended by the current guidelines in the management of CKD-MBD. © 2017, Nephro-Urology Monthly.

Background: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) generally display a significant decrease in the quality of life owing to comorbidities, malnutrition, and inflammation. Methods: In this multicenter prospective study, the SF36 (short form with 36 questions scored between 0 and 100) and relevant demographic data and comorbidities (charlson comorbidity index); nutritional factors, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated in 416 HD patients in September 2012. Hospitalization and mortality were assessed in a median of a 28 month follow-up. Results: The SF36 score in survived patients was 53.6 ± 19.3 versus 41.6 ± 22.4 in the non-survived patients (P 3.60 - 3.85, > 3.85 - 4.00, > 4.00 - 4.20, > 4.20 (reference) g/dL was respectively 3.69 (1.98 - 6.89), 2.08 (1.10 - 3.94), 1.91 (0.97 - 3.85), 1.10 (0.76 - 1.49). Serum albumin revealed a strong association with mortality such that hazard ratio for every 1 g/dL decrease in serum albumin was 6.28 (95% CI: 3.80 - 10.42; P < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with hemodialysis, SF36 shows significant association with serum albumin, comorbidities, inflammation, and clinical outcome.

Background: Abnormal mineral metabolism is common among hemodialysis patients and has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Methods: A cohort of 532 hemodialysis patients was selected from nine hemodialysis centers in September 2012 and were prospectively followed-up for a median of 28 months. Unadjusted and adjusted (in terms of age, gender, dialysis vintage, body mass index, albumin level, and comorbidities) hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality associated with serum phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were calculated, using Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In the unadjusted model, HRs of mortality for serum phosphorus < 4 mg/dL (reference: 4 - 6) and iPTH < 200 pg/mL (reference: 200 - 600) were 1.61 (95% CI: 1 - 2.46) and 1.55 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.27), respectively. After adjustment, the foregoing values were no longer significant, and HRs for serum phosphorus level ≥ 6 mg/dL (reference: 4 - 6), calcium level ≥ 10 (reference: < 10), and iPTH ≥ 600 (reference: 200 - 600) were calculated to be 1.56 (95% CI: 1.09 - 2.22), 2.34 (95% CI: 1.21 - 4.51), and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.03-2.45), respectively. Meanwhile, significant adjusted correlates of iPTH were serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.49), phosphorus (r=0.24), dialysis vintage (r = 0.21), age (r = -0.20), diabetes (r = -0.16), and serum calcium level (r = -0.13). Conclusions: While high serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels could determine the mortality risk in hemodialysis patients, decreased serum phosphorus and PTH levels were in association with malnutrition and comorbidities and were not independent risk factors for mortality.

Background: The most important surgical complications of renal transplantation are stenosis and obstruction of the ureterovesi- cal anastomosis. Routine use of ureteral stents can prevent this complication, but the optimal time for ureteral stent use is still controversial. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the benefits and complications of early and delayed stent removal after surgery. Early ureteral stent removal can decrease some complications, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder irritation symptoms, persistent hematuria, and the risk of stent crusting; its benefits include easier stent removal and shorter hospitalization time. Patients and Methods: All patients who underwent kidney transplantation from May 2011 until March 2012 in Modarres Hospital were included in this study. We classified the patients into three groups, based on time of stent removal (10, 20, and 30 days after transplantation). Results: Ninety-one patients were studied; urologic complications (hydroureteronephrosis and urinoma) in these three groups were analyzed and showed no statistical significant dierence. Conclusions: We can remove the ureteral stent earlier after kidney transplantation with no increase in the prevalence of surgical complications.