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New species of plant nematodes belonging to the genera Dolichodorus Cobb, 1914 and Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 are described and illustrated from New Caledonia. Dolichodorus pellegrini sp. n. differs from all known species of the genus in having a lateral field with one line. Of those species having the excretory pore at, or anterior to the medium bulb the other primary differential characters are: body, stylet and gubernaculum length. Xiphinema fagesi sp. n. is the sole monodelphic species having a spatulate posterior part. It differs further from other monodelphic species by having a short, more or less hemispherical tail without peg or bulge, by a greater body length, and by the structure of the anterior genital branch.

Une nouvelle espece de Dolichodorus Cobb, 1914 extraite d'un sol sature d'eau a Cordoba, Argentine, est decrite. D. aquaticus n. sp. comporte mâles et femelles. Il se caracterise par une queue conique se retrecissant brusquement entre un tiers et sa mi-longueur. Proche de D. minor Loof & Sharma, 1975 par la forme de la queue, il se differencie par ses mensurations, par la forme de la region labiale et par la disposition des lignes des champs lateraux dans la region caudale. Proche de D. kishansinghi Jairajpuri & Rahmani, 1979; D. longicaudatus Doucet, 1981; D. marylandicus Lewis & Golden, 1981 et D. grandaspicatus Robbins, 1982 par la longueur du stylet et la forme de la region labiale, il se differencie par la forme de la queue et par la longueur des spicules.

Antarctenchus hooperi n.g., n.sp. is described and figured from various Antarctic mosses. Males and females have attenuated tails and superficially resemble Tylenchus Bastian, 1865, but the possession of the relatively well developed cephalic sclerotisation and the nearly parallel spear protractor muscles prevents the inclusion of this species in Tylenchidae. It does however possess the characters of Dolichodoridae and has a number of features in common with Brachydorus de Guiran & Germani, 1968; but it differs from this and all other genera in Dolichodoridae by the combined possession of an adanal bursa in the male and sub-equatorial vulva with didelphic ovaries in the female. Antarctenchinae n. subfam. is therefore proposed to accommodate A. hooperi.