Search

This paper describes the life of the mine master Juan de Buendía who went to Peru in 1609 to implement the mining techniques of the Almadén mine in the mercury mining of Huancavelica. The contributions that he made are also discussed, especially in timber framing, which made it possible to improve the safety and exploitation of the mine to levels never seen before.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper tackles, from a historical perspective, the travelogue Vivid Spain (1926), written by the Bostonian Joe Mitchell Chapple as a result of his journey throughout Spain. The main aim of this work is to study in detail the vision of this North American traveller across the Peninsula. With this purpose, an analysis of the aforementioned work will be carried out taking into account its form and content, supported by the public opinion and the impact it generated in the American historical press of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early eighteenth century, the mining town of Zimapán went through a social and economic crisis, as a result of frequent clashes with nearby Chichimeca groups. Conflicts went aggravated because of the oppression that society practiced against these Indians. When the region was pacified, Spanish miners had to solve how to reactivate the process for extracting silver from ore. In fact, some of them looked up how to reach an hegemonic position, in spite of their production was far from those of main mining centers. The paper focuses on the capacities of these producers, under an adverse situation. From the use of accounting records of Caja Real of Zimapán and several legal disputes, here are shown different ways through which these miners overcome their colleagues and achieve preeminent positions and, on the other side, how can be understood the situation of limited resources miners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the formation of the Research Group for the Study of Mining in Northwest Argentina (GEMINOA) a decade ago, we have been carrying out an interdisciplinary research that aims to address the mining activities developed in this region in the long-term. This paper synthesizes and expands our original depiction of colonial mining in the region, focusing on the jurisdictions of Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca, and La Rioja during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. With this aim in mind, it combines historical sources and archaeological data (from our own work or specialized literature). Moreover, it reflects on the concepts of hegemonic and non-hegemonic mining, considering the variables that defined them and their suitability for characterizing the colonial mining developed in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, based on the analysis of specific events in which the lieutenant treasurer of San Miguel de Tucumán, Manuel Antonio Pereyra was involved, we intend to investigate the conflictive relationship of this treasury official with other government agencies and members of the army during the revolutionary process and how he adapted to the new context. We ask what interests, perceptions and support he may have had about May's events, the war, and his expectations of an open ending. The aim is to analyze the behaviour of this crown' representant in the face of the unprecedented events of May to understand how the members of the Treasury reacted to the process and what place they had to occupy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyses the creation of the Juzgado de Indias and the problems that arise between the first Official of the new institution, Francisco de Vera, and the Cabildo of La Palma, despite the determination with which the local government defended the establishment of the institution on the island, because it was the monopolistic control of commercial traffic between Canary Islands and America. For this work, we use as primary sources the Acts of the Cabildo de La Palma between 1559 and 1599 and the royal papers included in the Archivo General de Indias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egodocuments are an excellent documentary type for the study of social and linguistic history. As they are not subject to mediation, correction, or interference by a secondary author, they are texts in which the author expresses his or her feelings just setting the pen to paper. On the other hand, as their execution is focused on immediate communication, their dissemination is not considered, so they lack the filters of social or formal conventions. The aim of this research is to show the importance of considering egodocuments as a valuable material for the reconstruction of identity and the role played by the popular classes in Cuba, concentrating on the decades before Independence, in those accurate moments when the social and linguistic identity of a new nation was being formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are a fundamental historical subject of the Galician overseas migrations, being Argentina the most important American destination, where hundreds of thousands lived, worked, and preserved their culture and transmitted it. However, migratory studies have tended to invisibilize their specific dynamics and experiences as they were traditionally seeing either as mere companions of their countrymen or part of a family reunification phenomena. This misrepresentation complicated the understanding of their reality giving rise to stereotypes and to the undervaluation of their role in the migration process. Therefore, it is necessary to advance in the study of their individual as well as collective realities and experiences to make visible the changes in their daily lives, to which emigration could have given rise. This paper explores the potential that a series of sources considered "emigration literature" in the twentieth century have to that end, including biographies, autobiographies and fictional autobiographies, collective books of testimonies, essays, stories based on real experiences, among other sources that fall under what is called "migration literature." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the Spanish community in Concepción from the end of the Triple Alliance War to the Chaco War (1869-1932). The immediate post-war period (1869-1879), reconstruction strategies and the arrival of the first immigrants are examined first. The paper then considers the economic development that Concepción experienced between 1880 and 1898, as well as the role played by Spanish residents in this process. Finally, attention is given to the architectural, associative, infrastructural and productive modernisation of the city and the broader region of Concepción (the modern Departments of Concepción, Amambay and northern San Pedro) between 1899 and 1932, once again with reference to Spanish immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the New Spain viceroyalty, cultivation in irrigated orchards was a common practice in the semi-arid region of the west of the current state of Hidalgo, Mexico, where the ethnic group known as hñähñü settled. In this paper we focus on the analysis of the areas bathed by rivers and springs in the towns of Ixmiquilpan, Tecozautla and San José Atlán. Our objective is, in the first place, to expose the process of arrival of new plants as a result of the conquest that the Indian peoples adapted to their agriculture; second, to describe the variety of products obtained in orchards between the 16th and 18th centuries, and, finally, to show the relevance of the uses of water as a factor that favored cultivation in this agroecosystem. The sources that fed the investigation are wills, letters of rent or sale, judicial files and general descriptions made in the territory of New Spain. We conclude that hunting and gathering were not the only economic activities of the indigenous population in the studied region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses how Neuquen's state policies configured territorial knots in the area where the mapuce community Campo Maripe is located, in northern Añelo, the core of the Vaca Muerta geological formation. It is argued that these policies designed spaces boosting certain economic activities and their associated territorialities and brought indigenous deterritorialization as a consequence. The Mapuce community Campo Maripe, whose territory currently partially overlaps with the Loma Campana oil field -one of the three most important fields in the extraction of hydrocarbons by non-conventional methods-, has been selected as a case study due to how notorious its resistance strategies have become over the last few years. Written documents and oral testimonies are used to characterize the complex scenario of territorial overlapping caused by state policies and the development of specific interactions between the different actors within the territorial knots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers some evidences about the circulation of capital between Venezuela and Spain at the end of the eighteenth century through the case study of the Spanish merchant Esteban González de Linares (1751-1802). Our sources are private nature: an accounting book and 335 letters. These documents show a wide variety of channels to the transfer of capitals from Venezuela to Spain, both at large operations and small deliveries. González de Linares became, during his stay in Caracas (1785-1791), an important agent in the transfer of savings from the colony. The scarcity of silver and gold in Venezuela during this period justifies that the transfer of capital did promote the export of groceries (cocoa, indigo) and the development of financial markets (orders and bills of exchange). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bruno Zaldo Rivera (Pradoluengo -- España, 1836-1916) represents an example of the emigrant who triumphed "haciendo las Americas" [making it in the Americas]. In this paper, a man is profiled who, with hardly the most basic studies, and thanks to his endeavors and perspicacity, was capable of benefitting from the opportunities, both in economic and in social spheres, from his beginnings as a small-time merchant in the Mexican emporium of Veracruz, to his election as a senator of Spain. The investigation demonstrates his entrepreneurial versatility and his generosity in the form of innumerable donations and foundations. The analysis of his initiatives as a real-estate promotor and successful banker, and his social and political relations, explain his accession to a group within the high society of the Spanish Restauration. Finally, it will be shown how art, in all of its expressions, was subsumed as an instrument for the consolidation of his prestige and for the preparation of his image as a distinguished gentleman of the Nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These pages analyse the qualities required of parliamentarians in Peru from the Constitution of 1860, the regulatory framework until 1920. With this aim, we used the speeches pronounced by the parliamentarians in the development of their functions, which allows an approach to the political culture of liberal elites. The objective of this paper is to analyse the perception of parliamentarians about themselves and their role in Parliament, and how one of the basic principles of nineteenth century liberalism operated in this sense: the principle of distinction. Finally, it can be affirmed that the positions of deputies and senators acted as political categories defined by the own parliamentarians, who considered their role as different and superior to that of the electors. Therefore, it was necessary to restrict the space of the Congress to a "distinguished" sector of the population, through the imposition of a series of requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an approach to a dimension of the practices of State terrorism in Argentina: torture in the concentration camps. More specifically, about the torture suffered by women during their captivity. For this, we analyze the experience of four political activists, kidnapped in the province of Entre Ríos. The text reviews three distinct moments, the before, during and after State terrorism. Each one of them allows, without deflating the magnitude of what happened, understanding how the objective structures of the State are modified to exterminate the reduced groups to a negativized otherness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an approach to the study of the strategies used by some Catholic student groups in Uruguay in order to in order to influence within the university. From a historical and qualitative methodology, it identifies the continuities and ruptures of the forms used by these groups to reach a greater influence at Universidad de la República, the only university institution at the time, are identified. It seeks to contribute to the study of the recent past from an innovative approach that places attention on speeches and practices deployed by youth sectors of Catholicism from the specialized Catholic Action neglected by national researchers. In this way, it seeks to enrich the understanding of local processes by inserting them into broader contexts at the Latin American regional level and at a global level marked by the Cold War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural and institutional centralism has characterized the development of rural and liminal regions of Mexico, entailing a prolonged and generalized neglect towards historiographic narration of the Northern region. The reconstruction of its social dimension has been picked up through the work of local historians; among a few, Ricardo Elizondo Elizondo (1950-2013) stands out thanks to his literary work, in which his historiographic research is conveyed through microhistory-related fiction. Thus, this research paper suggests an approximation to the Mexican Northwest microhistory between the end of the revolutionary conflicts and the rise of neoliberal politics, following the trace marked by Elizondo's coral novel Narcedalia piedrotas (1993) and reconstructing the relation existing between historical context and literary narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper devolope a study about the inmigration to the Veracruz region and the role played by Spanish emigrants in the viceregal commerce. It will be shown how the domain of this commerce by the Spanish emigrants, who recurrently came throughout Veracuz eighteenth century attracted by the posibilities offered by the lucrative trade between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. The economic strategies that developed the important network of interest that they wove, it made possible the control of the commerce in the Veracruz region, even going so far as to compete whith the powerful of merchants of Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper seeks to review the brief but intense history of the Frepaso, trying to explain that his rapid political cycle of quick rise and crushing decomposition was largely due to the type of structure with which the party was built, with a omnipresent leadership on the part of Alvarez which led to a marked institutional weakness. Thus it is emphasized that because of the personalism that the Frepaso acquired, the party developed three institutional weaknesses: the organizational, the identity and the programmatic. In this way, party deficits would be projected in the conformation of the Alliance and in the experience of government it entailed, so that everything would finally contribute to the rapid disintegration of the Frepaso in 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eduardo Chibás was one of the most important politicians of the fifties in Cuba. Insightful and aggressive in his speeches, the way of his death supposed a shock in the island. In this paper, we try to show the media impact of this decease outside of Cuba, in the rest of the world. The importance of Eduardo Chibás dead is not limited to the disappearance of an extraordinary politician, the suicide and the reasons behind this suicide are very important too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of the "Ten Years War" marked a turning point within the Cuban social and labor relations. Reformism, which had led the first workers' struggles during the 1860s, turned to be ineffective in a new political-economic reality marked by the abolition of slavery and the arrival of socialist ideas from Europe, notably the anarchism. This fact made the workers have to seek new societal systems to carry out their demands. Then emerged the Círculo de Trabajadores de La Habana, an institution based on libertarian approaches that was quickly replicated in other Cuban localities outside the capital. This paper aims to explore the birth and structuring of this innovative model, as well as to analyse the real extent of its influence on other external labor entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first expeditions in the Arctic it was possible to known various questions related to the traditional cosmology of the Inuit people, thanks to the collection of ethnographical data. The comparison with more current information, as well as the analysis with different theoretical perspective, can make easier the understanding of its conception of the world and the beings that live in. This paper tries to review how the the traditional Inuit, Arctic populations prior to the European contact, know about their environment and how they relate with it. This way, is possible to get a better knowing about the social and cultural significance of different mythical and spiritual beings. The study of the tales, the activities of the shaman or "angakoq", and the role of the "inuksuit", are especially notorious and interesting because of they are the main cultural testimonies of what we could understand as 'supernatural'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains several information about marine and terrestrial hunting technics developed by the Inuit people nowadays in West Greenland. Specifically it has information on whale and seal hunting, on caribou tracking and on the fox hunting with stone traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes of Mexican inmgration in Spain from 2003 to 2013. The methodology used analysis of data of the Observatorio Permanente de la Inmigración to determine characteristics as number of residents, including nationalized, cities concentration, gender, age, level of education. We tried two hypotheses: 1) the Mexican inmigrants are similar group in socio demographic characteristics and 2) choosing Spain to continue their graduate studies to continue their education. Some build labour and/or sentimental relationships that make their stay permanent, either for studies (academic immigration), or to start a new life with their Spaniard partner (sentimental immigration). This work describes Mexican inmigrants in Spain, bachelor's degree, typically 35 year old of middle class, who reside mainly in four cities. Women outnumber men. Residence permit obtained by marriage with Spanish people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the late sixties a New Left was conformed in El Salvador. It developed sparsely in the next decade. The revolutionary organizations held in this period a fierce ideological debate that was part of a struggle for hegemony within the revolutionary movement. In the early eighties, once unified in the FMLN, insurgent organizations increased their international activities with the aim of forming a broad movement of solidarity with the struggle of the Salvadoran people. They had to accommodate their speech to influence new actors, seeking to settle their proposals and demands on beliefs and social representations shared by these groups. The aim of this paper is to analyze the discursive strategy used by insurgents in the international arena. Through the analysis of the publications of the FMLN we will see the lines on which the insurgent discourse for international audiences is built. We will focus on the revaluation of concepts as "democracy" and "peace" in the rebel discourse and the gradual disappearance of Marxist political labels to characterize the Salvadoran regime, which would now be defined by its repressive profile, dependance of the United States and the absence of political representation; its undemocratic character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anarchist labor movement arisen in Cuba during the last decades of the XIX century needed a platform to spread its programme. Thus, the libertarian press emerged. The different journals that contributed to diffuse the libertarian ideal among Cubans and immigrants experienced an evolution especially due to the restrictive policy of the colonial government. The aim of this paper is to analyze the libertarian discourse through its journalistic production and to understand its transformation as a result of the current legislation of that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the cultural change that comes from the recent approval in the last decade a number of rights aimed at guaranteeing full citizenship for certain citizens traditionally excluded in Uruguay. Based on the theoretical assumption that state intervention and implementing regulations per se, does not necessarily have a transforming force of unequal relations -in the area of distribution or identity- it is proposes a critical analysis of such processes. In this sense, it is questioned, in what ways, regarding what dimensions and on what grounds citizenship is built, and more specifically what the discursive dimensions underlying the process of policy formulation are. This exercise involves deconstructing the political process and clarify the relationship of domination that the policy itself imposes, on the way to building rights and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the records of merits presented by Chaplains of the Navy to get an ecclesiastical prebend in Colonial America. This fact will allow to know some of the own characteristics of these clergymen who still are unknown. The record of merits is a type of documentation that is very standardized. For this reason, is necessary to elaborate an explanatory model on the virtues that the chaplains of the Navy had to expose if they were to have successful and to achieve the concession of the royal grace. In this way, the military, ecclesiastic and academic merits of the solicitors will be analyzed, as well as the network of social relations that they could mobilize to obtain his pretensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the image offered by the family and marriage since the Mexican Catholic press in the second half of the nineteenth century. To do this, we have used the publication Semanario Católico, newspaper of some importance to the era and influenced on issues such as family, marriage or parenting. At the same time, the publication addressed other issues that may be equally interesting to understand the conflict that occurred between civil and religious powers to regulate aspects of public and private life of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a broader research that inquires the access to rights and the exercise of citizenship of the two major groups of migrants living in the contemporary Argentina: Paraguayans and Bolivians. The overall objective of this proposal is to analyze the exercise of civil, economic, social, cultural and political rights of immigrant groups of the city of Florencio Varela (Buenos Aires province). With this problem as general framework, the work on territory focused on the analysis of migrant women as a political subject, in their struggle for access to rights and especially for the land. This article aims to establish a dialogue between groups of concepts related to political participation of immigrant women, in order to make a situated and contextual analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the functions of the port complex rioplatense was successfully provide a wide range of goods and services necessary for the maintenance of vessels that visited and crews, both during his stays as return trips. The port complex was able to meet these demands and meeting them in the eighteenth century led to relative prosperity for the elite and for sectors outside it. This paper analyzes the economic participation of carpenters, shipwrights, blacksmiths, Lamplighters and other workers in the fairing and frigates caulking post in Montevideo, in order to ask what could have been his participation in the process of emancipation; thinking priori that while the Crown would generate demands could not be found widespread social unrest causes economic reasons but, however, it seems that the general level state and people in Montevideo followed his elite in the revolutionary process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to approach the overseas trade and politics of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century the port complex rioplatense from the study of a particular case: Josep Ramón Mila de la Roca. To do this we first make an introduction on overseas trade for the period indicated, then the itinerary will address trade especially Mila de la Roca economic transformations that policy development and its implications for the early decades of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the military justice applied to militiamen from the countryside of Buenos Aires are analyzed between the revolution and the abolition of military jurisdiction in 1823. The research will be based on military summaries which have been reviewed. It will be analyzed the felonies, the characteristics of the judicial process and the grade of attachment to the current legislation. Furthermore, it's also possible to observe the limited influence of the indian legislation, the judicial discretion favorable to the defendants and the least preoccupation of the military justice to the subordinate's crimes. This situation placed the militiamen on a better position than their veteran partners facing to that institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will analyze the level of conflict of teachers in the eighties in Argentina. We will do so through the study of the teacher union of the province of Santa Fe and of the 1988 strike that had a major national impact. This protest took different names, such as "Maestrazo", "White Demonstration" or "White Strike", but they all referred to the same scenario: mass mobilization encouraged by teachers and their union representatives in a troubled political, economic and cultural context at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to initiate a reflexion on education as another way of thinking of the May 1810 revolution in Argentina. Such a goal requires returning, among other things, to the objectives of the May Revolution, which were the principles intended for education, what kind of knowledge and skills were believed to be necessary, which was the relationship between education and change and what were the philosophical, political and pedagogical educational paradigms of that time. The insistence of some of the "men of May" about the new government to be based on an also new citizen made them rethink education, in order to ensure the people's access to revolutionary ideas with which they intended to found a new order, and perhaps a nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is, in first place, to analyze the patriotic ephemeris as symbolic practices through which goverment attempt to integrate the National Territories to the national Project; and secondly, to spotlight how these celebrations contributed to the creation of a regional reality, thanks to the active participation and commitment of territorian population. In order of that, we will focus our attention on the Gobernorate of Rio Negro during the first decades of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliometric analysis of the journal Naveg@mérica between the years 2008 and 2013 is carried out on the occasion of the publication of its first 10 issues. The main goal is to analyze the authors' productivity, the collaboration among them, and the productivity of the agencies and countries whose papers have been published in the section Articles of the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of churches, temples and cathedrals in the neo-Gothic style in Latin America was a constant during the final quarter of the 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century. The construction of these temples, beyond their architecture, became part of a solution serving the political and social needs of the Church. Through this idea we can understand these buildings as being symbols of the balance, sometimes conflicting, sometimes fully collaborative, between the ecclesiastical hierarchy and the national governments which arose at that historical moment. This paper is an analysis which seeks to understand how the Catholic Church has taken this style and used it, directly or indirectly, as an additional element in a complex policy of integrating itself into societies of the then-new (19th century) Latin American countries. To understand this phenomenon, we use the geographical concept of scale as the modulating element. It allows us to structure the role of the Church on the continent in the late19th century, using the neo-Gothic architectural style as a pretext through three scales attached to geographical and political notions: the nation or the state, the territory, and the local. This analysis will also allow us to offer an outline of the spatial impact of the Catholic Church throughout the continent in the late 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of this paper is the link between Peronism and the left-wing culture during its political proscription (1955-1973). This article has two specific purposes: on one hand to analyze the ideological transformation of the left-wing intellectual's political expression along this period. And, on the other hand, to explore how the doctrinaire heterodoxy from the left-wing culture influenced and projected new political contents into different intellectuals expressions. In other words the text describes, first of all, the situation taking into account the environment of proscription and violence against the most important party of that time; an international context of dichotomy and Cold War, and the circulation of new ideas and the school of thought during those years. Secondly, the text also reflects about how all those elements influenced the intellectuals and political activists, thus leading them to search new and more effective political practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]