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Abstract The poorly known xanthiform crab Pilumnus palmeri Garth, 1986, is known only from two poorly preserved specimens collected from Ecuador. Garth had only provisionally placed the species in Pilumnus Leach, 1816, and it was subsequently referred to a new genus, Garthopilumnus Števčić, 2011 and a new family Garthopilumnidae Števčić, 2011. Garthopilumnus currently sits as a valid genus within Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819. A re-examination of the holotype male, now in poor condition, shows that it is a juvenile, and key aspects of the original figure of the species given in the account of the type are inaccurate. Given the incompleteness and immaturity of available material, we could not confidently assign the species to an existing family, but we are also not convinced a new family for the species is warranted. The morphological features of Garthopilumnus palmeri suggest it is a member of the Portunoidea, where we provisionally place it.

Abstract The poorly known pilumnid, Vellumnus penicillatus (Gordon, 1930), is redescribed by examining the Hong Kong types. A new species, Vellumnus tki n. sp., is described from Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea, and it is distinguished from its closest congener, Vellumnus minabensis (Sakai, 1969) from Japan, by the setal pattern on the carapace and pereiopods, carapace proportions, structure of the front and anterolateral teeth, armature on the chelipeds and relatively shorter ambulatory legs.

Abstract Five species of pilumnid crabs assigned to Eurycarcinus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, Heteropanope Stimpson, 1858, and Pilumnopeus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, have been reported from India: E. orientalis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, E. bengalensis Deb, 1999, H. glabra Stimpson, 1858, H. neolaevis Deb, 1995, and P. convexus (Maccagno, 1936). The identity of E. bengalensis is confused and the species had been provisionally transferred to Heteropanope. Examination of the types however, confirms the affinities of the species with Eurycarcinus and consequently extends the range of the genus to the eastern Indian Ocean. A re-examination of the types of H. neolaevis show that it is a junior subjective synonym of Aniptumnus quadridentus (De Man, 1895), and is the first record of the genus from India. Eurycarcinus integrifrons De Man, 1879, is also formally recorded for the first time from India.

Abstract Mursia spiridonovi Karasawa, 2018 known only from the western Indian Ocean, is the smallest species of the genus, measuring only 18 mm in carapace length. The species is redescribed from fresh material collected in Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is compared with similarly sized specimens of M. bicristimana Alcock and Anderson, 1894, all of which are immature. Mursia spiridonovi is characterised not only by its occurrence in shallow waters (less than 300 m depth) and small adult size but also by the prominently granular carapace and structure of the cheliped merus, male pleonal somites and gonopods.

Abstract The rare raninid crab Umalia trirufomaculata (Davie and Short, 1989) is recorded from India for the first time. It is redescribed and compared at length with the related but poorly known U. misakiensis (Sakai, 1937) on the basis of a good series of specimens from the Philippines. Some of the supposed differences which have been documented between the two taxa (e.g., carapace proportions and features of the cheliped) are not valid; while new distinguishing characters associated with the male pleon and gonopods are observed.

Abstract Trawls from the Bay of Bengal obtained material of a new species of the goneplacid crab, Carcinoplax mistio, the sixth species of the genus known from India. The new species superficially resembles C. purpurea Rathbun, 1914, and C. sinica Chen, 1984, from the western Pacific. Records of C. sinica from the Persian Gulf are also here referred to the new species. Carcinoplax mistio n. sp. differs from its closest congeners mainly in the form of the carapace, anterolateral armature, proportions of the ambulatory legs and structure of the male pleon.

Abstract Two boxes in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, were found to contain the dried type material of the land crabs Cardisoma hirtipes Dana, 1851, and Cardisoma obesum Dana, 1851 (Gecarcinidae). The types of the common Pacific land crab, C. hirtipes, were believed to have been lost and a neotype had been designated in earlier revisions. Cardisoma obesum Dana, 1851 is currently regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Cardisoma carnifex (Herbst, 1796).

Abstract A new species of the freshwater crab genus Sundathelphusa Bott, 1969 is described from the Indonesian island of Lombok. Sundathelphusa tuerkayi, new species, appears to be most closely related to Sundathelphusa aruana (Roux, 1911), which is known for certain only from the Aru Islands, but differs from it and all other congeners by a unique combination of morphological characters. The new crab hosts a small ectosymbiotic temnocephalid flatworm, possibly belonging to the genus Temnosewellia Damborenea and Cannon, 2001 (Platyhelminthes: Temnocephalida).