1. Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets
- Author
-
Justin Ferdin, Vida L. Hodara, Dhiraj Kumar Singh, Shalini Gautam, Shabaana A. Khader, Shannan Hall-Ursone, Shashank Ganatra, Yenny Goez-Gazi, Tae-Hyung Lee, Benjamin Klaffke, Riti Sharan, Elizabeth Clemmons, Cynthia Alvarez, Olga Gonzalez, Christopher H. Chen, Kathleen M. Brasky, Laura M. Parodi, Kendra J. Alfson, Rajesh Thippeshappa, Alyssa Schami, Joanne Turner, Richard Copin, Andra K. Voges, Angélica Olmo-Fontánez, Makedonka Mitreva, Michal Gazi, Amanda Mannino, Patrice A. Frost, Ruby Escobedo, Alyssa Blakley, Deepak Kaushal, Edward J. Dick, Julia M. Scordo, Dharani Ajithdoss, John Dutton, Journey Cole, Hilary M. Staples, Christos A. Kyratsous, Priscilla Escareno, Luis D. Giavedoni, Ricardo Carrion, Bruce A. Rosa, Maya Gough, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Mushtaq Ahmed, Bindu Singh, Roy N. Platt, Cory R. A. Hallam, Ken Sayers, Jessica Callery, Jordi B. Torrelles, Adelekan Oyejide, Jean L. Patterson, Andreu G. Vilanova, Carmen Bartley, Tim J. Anderson, Xavier Alvarez, Anna Goodroe, Larry S. Schlesinger, Corinna N. Ross, Alina Baum, and Ayan Chatterjee
- Subjects
Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,viruses ,Immunology ,Adaptive Immunity ,Antibodies, Viral ,Macaque ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,Myeloid Cells ,Viral shedding ,Lung ,030304 developmental biology ,Pneumonitis ,Inflammation ,0303 health sciences ,Immunity, Cellular ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Monkey Diseases ,COVID-19 ,Callithrix ,Cell Biology ,Viral Load ,medicine.disease ,Acquired immune system ,Macaca mulatta ,Virus Shedding ,Bronchoalveolar lavage ,Immunoglobulin G ,Female ,business ,Viral load ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ,Baboon ,Papio - Abstract
Non-human primate models will expedite therapeutics and vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to clinical trials. Here, we compare acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in young and old rhesus macaques, baboons and old marmosets. Macaques had clinical signs of viral infection, mild to moderate pneumonitis and extra-pulmonary pathologies, and both age groups recovered in two weeks. Baboons had prolonged viral RNA shedding and substantially more lung inflammation compared with macaques. Inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage was increased in old versus young baboons. Using techniques including computed tomography imaging, immunophenotyping, and alveolar/peripheral cytokine response and immunohistochemical analyses, we delineated cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaque and baboon lungs, including innate and adaptive immune cells and a prominent type-I interferon response. Macaques developed T-cell memory phenotypes/responses and bystander cytokine production. Old macaques had lower titres of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody levels compared with young macaques. Acute respiratory distress in macaques and baboons recapitulates the progression of COVID-19 in humans, making them suitable as models to test vaccines and therapies.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF