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The discovery of genetic mechanisms for resistance to obesity and diabetes may illuminate new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this global health challenge. We used the polygenic 'lean' mouse model, which has been selected for low adiposity over 60 generations, to identify mitochondrial thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (Tst; also known as rhodanese) as a candidate obesity-resistance gene with selectively increased expression in adipocytes. Elevated adipose Tst expression correlated with indices of metabolic health across diverse mouse strains. Transgenic overexpression of Tst in adipocytes protected mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin-resistant diabetes. Tst-deficient mice showed markedly exacerbated diabetes, whereas pharmacological activation of TST ameliorated diabetes in mice. Mechanistically, TST selectively augmented mitochondrial function combined with degradation of reactive oxygen species and sulfide. In humans, TST mRNA expression in adipose tissue correlated positively with insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and negatively with fat mass. Thus, the genetic identification of Tst as a beneficial regulator of adipocyte mitochondrial function may have therapeutic significance for individuals with type 2 diabetes., Obesity prevalence seems to have plateaued at ~40% (refs. 1,2), suggesting that environmental penetrance (such as a hypercaloric diet or a sedentary lifestyle) is limited to a subpopulation of individuals [...]

Author(s): Nicholas M Morton; Jasmina Beltram; Roderick N Carter; Zoi Michailidou; Gregor Gorjanc; Clare McFadden; Martin E Barrios-Llerena; Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca; Matthew T G Gibbins; Rhona E Aird; José Maria Moreno-Navarrete; [...]