592 results on '"Yang X"'
Search Results
2. DNA methylation study of Huntington's disease and motor progression in patients and in animal models.
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Lu, Ake T, Narayan, Pritika, Grant, Matthew J, Langfelder, Peter, Wang, Nan, Kwak, Seung, Wilkinson, Hilary, Chen, Richard Z, Chen, Jian, Simon Bawden, C, Rudiger, Skye R, Ciosi, Marc, Chatzi, Afroditi, Maxwell, Alastair, Hore, Timothy A, Aaronson, Jeff, Rosinski, Jim, Preiss, Alicia, Vogt, Thomas F, Coppola, Giovanni, Monckton, Darren, Snell, Russell G, William Yang, X, and Horvath, Steve
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Animals ,Animals ,Genetically Modified ,Sheep ,Humans ,Mice ,Huntington Disease ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Disease Progression ,Recombinant Proteins ,Severity of Illness Index ,Registries ,Longitudinal Studies ,Follow-Up Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Behavior ,Animal ,DNA Methylation ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,CpG Islands ,Mutation ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Young Adult ,Gene Knock-In Techniques ,Genetic Loci ,Huntingtin Protein ,Global Burden of Disease ,Genetically Modified ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Behavior ,Epigenesis ,Genetic ,and over - Abstract
Although Huntington's disease (HD) is a well studied Mendelian genetic disorder, less is known about its associated epigenetic changes. Here, we characterize DNA methylation levels in six different tissues from 3 species: a mouse huntingtin (Htt) gene knock-in model, a transgenic HTT sheep model, and humans. Our epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of human blood reveals that HD mutation status is significantly (p
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- 2020
3. A LATS biosensor screen identifies VEGFR as a regulator of the Hippo pathway in angiogenesis.
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Azad, T, Janse van Rensburg, HJ, Lightbody, ED, Neveu, B, Champagne, A, Ghaffari, A, Kay, VR, Hao, Y, Shen, H, Yeung, B, Croy, BA, Guan, KL, Pouliot, F, Zhang, J, Nicol, CJB, and Yang, X
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Animals ,Humans ,Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Receptors ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ,Adaptor Proteins ,Signal Transducing ,Tumor Suppressor Proteins ,Phosphoproteins ,Transcription Factors ,Blotting ,Western ,Immunohistochemistry ,Mutagenesis ,Site-Directed ,Biosensing Techniques ,Signal Transduction ,Female ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,HEK293 Cells ,A549 Cells ,Adaptor Proteins ,Signal Transducing ,Blotting ,Western ,Mutagenesis ,Site-Directed ,Receptors ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor - Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a central regulator of tissue development and homeostasis, and has been reported to have a role during vascular development. Here we develop a bioluminescence-based biosensor that monitors the activity of the Hippo core component LATS kinase. Using this biosensor and a library of small molecule kinase inhibitors, we perform a screen for kinases modulating LATS activity and identify VEGFR as an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway. We find that VEGFR activation by VEGF triggers PI3K/MAPK signaling, which subsequently inhibits LATS and activates the Hippo effectors YAP and TAZ. We further show that the Hippo pathway is a critical mediator of VEGF-induced angiogenesis and tumor vasculogenic mimicry. Thus, our work offers a biosensor tool for the study of the Hippo pathway and suggests a role for Hippo signaling in regulating blood vessel formation in physiological and pathological settings.
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- 2018
4. Light quantum control of persisting Higgs modes in iron-based superconductors
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Vaswani, C., Kang, J. H., Mootz, M., Luo, L., Yang, X., Sundahl, C., Cheng, D., Huang, C., Kim, R. H. J., Liu, Z., Collantes, Y. G., Hellstrom, E. E., Perakis, I. E., Eom, C. B., and Wang, J.
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- 2021
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5. Ultrafast manipulation of topologically enhanced surface transport driven by mid-infrared and terahertz pulses in Bi2Se3
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Luo, L., Yang, X., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Vaswani, C., Cheng, D., Mootz, M., Zhao, X., Yao, Y., Wang, C.-Z., Ho, K.-M., Perakis, I. E., Dobrowolska, M., Furdyna, J. K., and Wang, J.
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- 2019
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6. Trim47 prevents hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion during stress by regulating MAVS-mediated innate immune pathway
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Fang Chen, Yukai Lu, Yang Xu, Naicheng Chen, Lijing Yang, Xiaoyi Zhong, Hao Zeng, Yanying Liu, Zijin Chen, Qian Zhang, Shilei Chen, Jia Cao, Jinghong Zhao, Song Wang, Mengjia Hu, and Junping Wang
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functional integrity is essential for effective hematopoietic regeneration when suffering from injuries. Studies have shown that the innate immune pathways play crucial roles in the stress response of HSCs, whereas how to precisely modulate these pathways is not well characterized. Here, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing 47 (Trim47) as a negative regulator of the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated innate immune pathway in HSCs. We find that Trim47 is predominantly enriched in HSCs, and its deficiency impairs the function and survival of HSCs after exposure to 5-flurouracil (5-FU) and irradiation (IR). Mechanistically, Trim47 impedes the excessive activation of the innate immune signaling and inflammatory response via K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of MAVS. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a role of Trim47 in preventing stress-induced hematopoietic failure and thus provide a promising avenue for treatment of related diseases in the clinic.
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- 2024
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7. Thermo-responsive aqueous two-phase system for two-level compartmentalization
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Huanqing Cui, Yage Zhang, Sihan Liu, Yang Cao, Qingming Ma, Yuan Liu, Haisong Lin, Chang Li, Yang Xiao, Sammer Ul Hassan, and Ho Cheung Shum
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Hierarchical compartmentalization responding to changes in intracellular and extracellular environments is ubiquitous in living eukaryotic cells but remains a formidable task in synthetic systems. Here we report a two-level compartmentalization approach based on a thermo-responsive aqueous two-phase system (TR-ATPS) comprising poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and dextran (DEX). Liquid membraneless compartments enriched in PNIPAM are phase-separated from the continuous DEX solution via liquid-liquid phase separation at 25 °C and shrink dramatically with small second-level compartments generated at the interface, resembling the structure of colloidosome, by increasing the temperature to 35 °C. The TR-ATPS can store biomolecules, program the spatial distribution of enzymes, and accelerate the overall biochemical reaction efficiency by nearly 7-fold. The TR-ATPS inspires on-demand, stimulus-triggered spatiotemporal enrichment of biomolecules via two-level compartmentalization, creating opportunities in synthetic biology and biochemical engineering.
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- 2024
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8. Insight into binding of endogenous neurosteroid ligands to the sigma-1 receptor
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Chunting Fu, Yang Xiao, Xiaoming Zhou, and Ziyi Sun
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is a non-opioid membrane receptor, which responds to a diverse array of synthetic ligands to exert various pharmacological effects. Meanwhile, candidates for endogenous ligands of σ1R have also been identified. However, how endogenous ligands bind to σ1R remains unknown. Here, we present crystal structures of σ1R from Xenopus laevis (xlσ1R) bound to two endogenous neurosteroid ligands, progesterone (a putative antagonist) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (a putative agonist), at 2.15-3.09 Å resolutions. Both neurosteroids bind to a similar location in xlσ1R mainly through hydrophobic interactions, but surprisingly, with opposite binding orientations. DHEAS also forms hydrogen bonds with xlσ1R, whereas progesterone interacts indirectly with the receptor through water molecules near the binding site. Binding analyses are consistent with the xlσ1R-neurosteroid complex structures. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and structural data reveal a potential water entry pathway. Our results provide insight into binding of two endogenous neurosteroid ligands to σ1R.
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- 2024
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9. Observation of phonon Stark effect
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Zhiheng Huang, Yunfei Bai, Yanchong Zhao, Le Liu, Xuan Zhao, Jiangbin Wu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Wei Yang, Dongxia Shi, Yang Xu, Tiantian Zhang, Qingming Zhang, Ping-Heng Tan, Zhipei Sun, Sheng Meng, Yaxian Wang, Luojun Du, and Guangyu Zhang
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Stark effect, the electric-field analogue of magnetic Zeeman effect, is one of the celebrated phenomena in modern physics and appealing for emergent applications in electronics, optoelectronics, as well as quantum technologies. While in condensed matter it has prospered only for excitons, whether other collective excitations can display Stark effect remains elusive. Here, we report the observation of phonon Stark effect in a two-dimensional quantum system of bilayer 2H-MoS2. The longitudinal acoustic phonon red-shifts linearly with applied electric fields and can be tuned over ~1 THz, evidencing giant Stark effect of phonons. Together with many-body ab initio calculations, we uncover that the observed phonon Stark effect originates fundamentally from the strong coupling between phonons and interlayer excitons (IXs). In addition, IX-mediated electro-phonon intensity modulation up to ~1200% is discovered for infrared-active phonon A 2u. Our results unveil the exotic phonon Stark effect and effective phonon engineering by IX-mediated mechanism, promising for a plethora of exciting many-body physics and potential technological innovations.
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- 2024
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10. Catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes
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Wangzhen Qiu, Lihao Liao, Xinghua Xu, Hongtai Huang, Yang Xu, and Xiaodan Zhao
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Compared to well-developed catalytic 1,2-diazidation of alkenes to produce vicinal diazides, the corresponding catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes to yield geminal diazides has not been realized. Here we report an efficient approach for catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes by redox-active selenium catalysis. Under mild conditions, electron-rich aryl alkenes with Z or E or Z/E mixed configuration can undergo migratory 1,1-diazidation to give a series of functionalized monoalkyl or dialkyl geminal diazides that are difficult to access by other methods. The method is also effective for the construction of polydiazides. The formed diazides are relatively safe by TGA-DSC analysis and impact sensitivity tests, and can be easily converted into various valuable molecules. In addition, interesting reactivity that geminal diazides give valuable molecules via the geminal diazidomethyl moiety as a formal leaving group in the presence of Lewis acid is disclosed. Mechanistic studies revealed that a selenenylation-deselenenylation followed by 1,2-aryl migration process is involved in the reactions, which provides a basis for the design of new reactions.
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- 2024
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11. Fine-tuning the pore environment of ultramicroporous three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for efficient one-step ethylene purification
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Yang Xie, Wenjing Wang, Zeyue Zhang, Jian Li, Bo Gui, Junliang Sun, Daqiang Yuan, and Cheng Wang
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The construction of functional three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) for gas separation, specifically for the efficient removal of ethane (C2H6) from ethylene (C2H4), is significant but challenging due to their similar physicochemical properties. In this study, we demonstrate fine-tuning the pore environment of ultramicroporous 3D COFs to achieve efficient one-step C2H4 purification. By choosing our previously reported 3D-TPB-COF-H as a reference material, we rationally design and synthesize an isostructural 3D COF (3D-TPP-COF) containing pyridine units. Impressively, compared with 3D-TPB-COF-H, 3D-TPP-COF exhibits both high C2H6 adsorption capacity (110.4 cm3 g−1 at 293 K and 1 bar) and good C2H6/C2H4 selectivity (1.8), due to the formation of additional C-H···N interactions between pyridine groups and C2H6. To our knowledge, this performance surpasses all other reported COFs and is even comparable to some benchmark porous materials. In addition, dynamic breakthrough experiments reveal that 3D-TPP-COF can be used as a robust absorbent to produce high-purity C2H4 directly from a C2H6/C2H4 mixture. This study provides important guidance for the rational design of 3D COFs for efficient gas separation.
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- 2024
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12. The discovery of three-dimensional Van Hove singularity
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Wenbin Wu, Zeping Shi, Mykhaylo Ozerov, Yuhan Du, Yuxiang Wang, Xiao-Sheng Ni, Xianghao Meng, Xiangyu Jiang, Guangyi Wang, Congming Hao, Xinyi Wang, Pengcheng Zhang, Chunhui Pan, Haifeng Pan, Zhenrong Sun, Run Yang, Yang Xu, Yusheng Hou, Zhongbo Yan, Cheng Zhang, Hai-Zhou Lu, Junhao Chu, and Xiang Yuan
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Arising from the extreme/saddle point in electronic bands, Van Hove singularity (VHS) manifests divergent density of states (DOS) and induces various new states of matter such as unconventional superconductivity. VHS is believed to exist in one and two dimensions, but rarely found in three dimension (3D). Here, we report the discovery of 3D VHS in a topological magnet EuCd2As2 by magneto-infrared spectroscopy. External magnetic fields effectively control the exchange interaction in EuCd2As2, and shift 3D Weyl bands continuously, leading to the modification of Fermi velocity and energy dispersion. Above the critical field, the 3D VHS forms and is evidenced by the abrupt emergence of inter-band transitions, which can be quantitatively described by the minimal model of Weyl semimetals. Three additional optical transitions are further predicted theoretically and verified in magneto-near-infrared spectra. Our results pave the way to exploring VHS in 3D systems and uncovering the coordination between electronic correlation and the topological phase.
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- 2024
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13. PRMT5 is an actionable therapeutic target in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant ER+/RB-deficient breast cancer
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Chang-Ching Lin, Tsung-Cheng Chang, Yunguan Wang, Lei Guo, Yunpeng Gao, Emmanuel Bikorimana, Andrew Lemoff, Yisheng V. Fang, He Zhang, Yanfeng Zhang, Dan Ye, Isabel Soria-Bretones, Alberto Servetto, Kyung-min Lee, Xuemei Luo, Joseph J. Otto, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Fabiana Napolitano, Ram Mani, David W. Cescon, Lin Xu, Yang Xie, Joshua T. Mendell, Ariella B. Hanker, and Carlos L. Arteaga
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Science - Abstract
Abstract CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have improved survival of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. However, patients treated with CDK4/6i eventually develop drug resistance and progress. RB1 loss-of-function alterations confer resistance to CDK4/6i, but the optimal therapy for these patients is unclear. Through a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identify protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a molecular vulnerability in ER+/RB1-knockout breast cancer cells. Inhibition of PRMT5 blocks the G1-to-S transition in the cell cycle independent of RB, leading to growth arrest in RB1-knockout cells. Proteomics analysis uncovers fused in sarcoma (FUS) as a downstream effector of PRMT5. Inhibition of PRMT5 results in dissociation of FUS from RNA polymerase II, leading to hyperphosphorylation of serine 2 in RNA polymerase II, intron retention, and subsequent downregulation of proteins involved in DNA synthesis. Furthermore, treatment with the PRMT5 inhibitor pemrametostat and a selective ER degrader fulvestrant synergistically inhibits growth of ER+/RB-deficient cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts. These findings highlight dual ER and PRMT5 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to CDK4/6i in ER+/RB-deficient breast cancer.
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- 2024
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14. Epitaxy of wafer-scale single-crystal MoS2 monolayer via buffer layer control
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Lu Li, Qinqin Wang, Fanfan Wu, Qiaoling Xu, Jinpeng Tian, Zhiheng Huang, Qinghe Wang, Xuan Zhao, Qinghua Zhang, Qinkai Fan, Xiuzhen Li, Yalin Peng, Yangkun Zhang, Kunshan Ji, Aomiao Zhi, Huacong Sun, Mingtong Zhu, Jundong Zhu, Nianpeng Lu, Ying Lu, Shuopei Wang, Xuedong Bai, Yang Xu, Wei Yang, Na Li, Dongxia Shi, Lede Xian, Kaihui Liu, Luojun Du, and Guangyu Zhang
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), an emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, holds great promise for transcending the fundamental limits of silicon electronics and continue the downscaling of field-effect transistors. To realize its full potential and high-end applications, controlled synthesis of wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 single crystals on general commercial substrates is highly desired yet challenging. Here, we demonstrate the successful epitaxial growth of 2-inch single-crystal MoS2 monolayers on industry-compatible substrates of c-plane sapphire by engineering the formation of a specific interfacial reconstructed layer through the S/MoO3 precursor ratio control. The unidirectional alignment and seamless stitching of MoS2 domains across the entire wafer are demonstrated through cross-dimensional characterizations ranging from atomic- to centimeter-scale. The epitaxial monolayer MoS2 single crystal shows good wafer-scale uniformity and state-of-the-art quality, as evidenced from the ~100% phonon circular dichroism, exciton valley polarization of ~70%, room-temperature mobility of ~140 cm2v−1s−1, and on/off ratio of ~109. Our work provides a simple strategy to produce wafer-scale single-crystal 2D semiconductors on commercial insulator substrates, paving the way towards the further extension of Moore’s law and industrial applications of 2D electronic circuits.
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- 2024
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15. Tunable positions of Weyl nodes via magnetism and pressure in the ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi
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Erjian Cheng, Limin Yan, Xianbiao Shi, Rui Lou, Alexander Fedorov, Mahdi Behnami, Jian Yuan, Pengtao Yang, Bosen Wang, Jin-Guang Cheng, Yuanji Xu, Yang Xu, Wei Xia, Nikolai Pavlovskii, Darren C. Peets, Weiwei Zhao, Yimin Wan, Ulrich Burkhardt, Yanfeng Guo, Shiyan Li, Claudia Felser, Wenge Yang, and Bernd Büchner
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The noncentrosymmetric ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlSi with simultaneous space-inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking provides a unique platform for exploring novel topological states. Here, by employing multiple experimental techniques, we demonstrate that ferromagnetism and pressure can serve as efficient parameters to tune the positions of Weyl nodes in CeAlSi. At ambient pressure, a magnetism-facilitated anomalous Hall/Nernst effect (AHE/ANE) is uncovered. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements demonstrated that the Weyl nodes with opposite chirality are moving away from each other upon entering the ferromagnetic phase. Under pressure, by tracing the pressure evolution of AHE and band structure, we demonstrate that pressure could also serve as a pivotal knob to tune the positions of Weyl nodes. Moreover, multiple pressure-induced phase transitions are also revealed. These findings indicate that CeAlSi provides a unique and tunable platform for exploring exotic topological physics and electron correlations, as well as catering to potential applications, such as spintronics.
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- 2024
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16. Structural regulation of halide superionic conductors for all-solid-state lithium batteries
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Xiaona Li, Jung Tae Kim, Jing Luo, Changtai Zhao, Yang Xu, Tao Mei, Ruying Li, Jianwen Liang, and Xueliang Sun
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Metal halide solid-state electrolytes have gained widespread attention due to their high ionic conductivities, wide electrochemical stability windows, and good compatibility with oxide cathode materials. The exploration of highly ionic conductive halide electrolytes is actively ongoing. Thus, understanding the relationship between composition and crystal structure can be a critical guide for designing better halide electrolytes, which still remains obscure for reliable prediction. Here we show that the cationic polarization factor, which describes the geometric and ionic conditions, is effective in predicting the stacking structure of halide electrolytes formation. By supplementing this principle with rational design and preparation of more than 10 lithium halide electrolytes with high conductivity over 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, we establish that there should be a variety of promising halide electrolytes that have yet to be discovered and developed. This methodology may enable the systematic screening of various potential halide electrolytes and demonstrate an approach to the design of halide electrolytes with superionic conductivity beyond the structure and stability predictions.
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- 2024
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17. Direct probing of single-molecule chemiluminescent reaction dynamics under catalytic conditions in solution
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Ziqing Zhang, Jinrun Dong, Yibo Yang, Yuan Zhou, Yuang Chen, Yang Xu, and Jiandong Feng
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Chemical reaction kinetics can be evaluated by probing dynamic changes of chemical substrates or physical phenomena accompanied during the reaction process. Chemiluminescence, a light emitting exoenergetic process, involves random reaction positions and kinetics in solution that are typically characterized by ensemble measurements with nonnegligible average effects. Chemiluminescent reaction dynamics at the single-molecule level remains elusive. Here we report direct imaging of single-molecule chemiluminescent reactions in solution and probing of their reaction dynamics under catalytic conditions. Double-substrate Michaelis–Menten type of catalytic kinetics is found to govern the single-molecule reaction dynamics in solution, and a heterogeneity is found among different catalyst particles and different catalytic sites on a single particle. We further show that single-molecule chemiluminescence imaging can be used to evaluate the thermodynamics of the catalytic system, resolving activation energy at the single-particle level. Our work provides fundamental insights into chemiluminescent reactions and offers an efficient approach for evaluating catalysts.
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- 2023
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18. Deep learning of cell spatial organizations identifies clinically relevant insights in tissue images
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Shidan Wang, Ruichen Rong, Qin Zhou, Donghan M. Yang, Xinyi Zhang, Xiaowei Zhan, Justin Bishop, Zhikai Chi, Clare J. Wilhelm, Siyuan Zhang, Curtis R. Pickering, Mark G. Kris, John Minna, Yang Xie, and Guanghua Xiao
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Recent advancements in tissue imaging techniques have facilitated the visualization and identification of various cell types within physiological and pathological contexts. Despite the emergence of cell-cell interaction studies, there is a lack of methods for evaluating individual spatial interactions. In this study, we introduce Ceograph, a cell spatial organization-based graph convolutional network designed to analyze cell spatial organization (for example,. the cell spatial distribution, morphology, proximity, and interactions) derived from pathology images. Ceograph identifies key cell spatial organization features by accurately predicting their influence on patient clinical outcomes. In patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, our model highlights reduced structural concordance and increased closeness in epithelial substrata as driving features for an elevated risk of malignant transformation. In lung cancer patients, Ceograph detects elongated tumor nuclei and diminished stroma-stroma closeness as biomarkers for insensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. With its potential to predict various clinical outcomes, Ceograph offers a deeper understanding of biological processes and supports the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
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- 2023
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19. Genomic profiling of subcutaneous patient-derived xenografts reveals immune constraints on tumor evolution in childhood solid cancer
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Funan He, Abhik M. Bandyopadhyay, Laura J. Klesse, Anna Rogojina, Sang H. Chun, Erin Butler, Taylor Hartshorne, Trevor Holland, Dawn Garcia, Korri Weldon, Luz-Nereida Perez Prado, Anne-Marie Langevin, Allison C. Grimes, Aaron Sugalski, Shafqat Shah, Chatchawin Assanasen, Zhao Lai, Yi Zou, Dias Kurmashev, Lin Xu, Yang Xie, Yidong Chen, Xiaojing Wang, Gail E. Tomlinson, Stephen X. Skapek, Peter J. Houghton, Raushan T. Kurmasheva, and Siyuan Zheng
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Subcutaneous patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are an important tool for childhood cancer research. Here, we describe a resource of 68 early passage PDXs established from 65 pediatric solid tumor patients. Through genomic profiling of paired PDXs and patient tumors (PTs), we observe low mutational similarity in about 30% of the PT/PDX pairs. Clonal analysis in these pairs show an aggressive PT minor subclone seeds the major clone in the PDX. We show evidence that this subclone is more immunogenic and is likely suppressed by immune responses in the PT. These results suggest interplay between intratumoral heterogeneity and antitumor immunity may underlie the genetic disparity between PTs and PDXs. We further show that PDXs generally recapitulate PTs in copy number and transcriptomic profiles. Finally, we report a gene fusion LRPAP1-PDGFRA. In summary, we report a childhood cancer PDX resource and our study highlights the role of immune constraints on tumor evolution.
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- 2023
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20. Costs and health benefits of the rural energy transition to carbon neutrality in China
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Teng Ma, Silu Zhang, Yilong Xiao, Xiaorui Liu, Minghao Wang, Kai Wu, Guofeng Shen, Chen Huang, Yan Ru Fang, and Yang Xie
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The rural energy transition is critical in China’s efforts to achieve carbon neutrality and improve air quality. However, the costs and health benefits associated with the transition to carbon neutrality remain unclear. Here we explore the cost-effective transition pathways and air quality-related health impacts using an integrated energy-air quality-health modeling framework. We find that decarbonizing rural cooking and heating would triple contemporary energy consumption from 2014 to 2060, considerably reducing energy poverty nationwide. By 2060, electric cooking ranges and air-to-air heat pumps should be widely integrated, costing an additional 13 billion USD nationally in transformation costs, with ~40% concentrated in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Rural residential decarbonization would remarkably improve air quality in northern China, yielding substantial health co-benefits. Notably, monetized health benefits in most provinces are projected to offset transformation costs, except for certain relatively lower-development southwestern provinces, implying more financial support for rural residents in these areas will be needed.
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- 2023
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21. Anomalous spin current anisotropy in a noncollinear antiferromagnet
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Cuimei Cao, Shiwei Chen, Rui-Chun Xiao, Zengtai Zhu, Guoqiang Yu, Yangping Wang, Xuepeng Qiu, Liang Liu, Tieyang Zhao, Ding-Fu Shao, Yang Xu, Jingsheng Chen, and Qingfeng Zhan
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Cubic materials host high crystal symmetry and hence are not expected to support anisotropy in transport phenomena. In contrast to this common expectation, here we report an anomalous anisotropy of spin current can emerge in the (001) film of Mn3Pt, a noncollinear antiferromagnetic spin source with face-centered cubic structure. Such spin current anisotropy originates from the intertwined time reversal-odd ( $${{{{{\mathscr{T}}}}}}$$ T -odd) and time reversal-even ( $${{{{{\mathscr{T}}}}}}$$ T -even) spin Hall effects. Based on symmetry analyses and experimental characterizations of the current-induced spin torques in Mn3Pt-based heterostructures, we find that the spin current generated by Mn3Pt (001) exhibits exotic dependences on the current direction for all the spin components, deviating from that in conventional cubic systems. We also demonstrate that such an anisotropic spin current can be used to realize low-power spintronic applications such as the efficient field-free switching of the perpendicular magnetizations.
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- 2023
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22. A de novo evolved gene contributes to rice grain shape difference between indica and japonica
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Rujia Chen, Ning Xiao, Yue Lu, Tianyun Tao, Qianfeng Huang, Shuting Wang, Zhichao Wang, Mingli Chuan, Qing Bu, Zhou Lu, Hanyao Wang, Yanze Su, Yi Ji, Jianheng Ding, Ahmed Gharib, Huixin Liu, Yong Zhou, Shuzhu Tang, Guohua Liang, Honggen Zhang, Chuandeng Yi, Xiaoming Zheng, Zhukuan Cheng, Yang Xu, Pengcheng Li, Chenwu Xu, Jinling Huang, Aihong Li, and Zefeng Yang
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The role of de novo evolved genes from non-coding sequences in regulating morphological differentiation between species/subspecies remains largely unknown. Here, we show that a rice de novo gene GSE9 contributes to grain shape difference between indica/xian and japonica/geng varieties. GSE9 evolves from a previous non-coding region of wild rice Oryza rufipogon through the acquisition of start codon. This gene is inherited by most japonica varieties, while the original sequence (absence of start codon, gse9) is present in majority of indica varieties. Knockout of GSE9 in japonica varieties leads to slender grains, whereas introgression to indica background results in round grains. Population evolutionary analyses reveal that gse9 and GSE9 are derived from wild rice Or-I and Or-III groups, respectively. Our findings uncover that the de novo GSE9 gene contributes to the genetic and morphological divergence between indica and japonica subspecies, and provide a target for precise manipulation of rice grain shape.
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- 2023
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23. TEQUILA-seq: a versatile and low-cost method for targeted long-read RNA sequencing
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Feng Wang, Yang Xu, Robert Wang, Beatrice Zhang, Noah Smith, Amber Notaro, Samantha Gaerlan, Eric Kutschera, Kathryn E. Kadash-Edmondson, Yi Xing, and Lan Lin
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Long-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technology for transcriptome analysis, but the relatively low throughput of current long-read sequencing platforms limits transcript coverage. One strategy for overcoming this bottleneck is targeted long-read RNA-seq for preselected gene panels. We present TEQUILA-seq, a versatile, easy-to-implement, and low-cost method for targeted long-read RNA-seq utilizing isothermally linear-amplified capture probes. When performed on the Oxford nanopore platform with multiple gene panels of varying sizes, TEQUILA-seq consistently and substantially enriches transcript coverage while preserving transcript quantification. We profile full-length transcript isoforms of 468 actionable cancer genes across 40 representative breast cancer cell lines. We identify transcript isoforms enriched in specific subtypes and discover novel transcript isoforms in extensively studied cancer genes such as TP53. Among cancer genes, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are significantly enriched for aberrant transcript isoforms targeted for degradation via mRNA nonsense-mediated decay, revealing a common RNA-associated mechanism for TSG inactivation. TEQUILA-seq reduces the per-reaction cost of targeted capture by 2-3 orders of magnitude, as compared to a standard commercial solution. TEQUILA-seq can be broadly used for targeted sequencing of full-length transcripts in diverse biomedical research settings.
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- 2023
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24. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting FcRH5 provide robust tumour-specific responses in murine xenograft models of multiple myeloma
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Dongpeng Jiang, Haiwen Huang, Huimin Qin, Koukou Tang, Xiangru Shi, Tingting Zhu, Yuqing Gao, Ying Zhang, Xiaopeng Tian, Jianhong Fu, Weiwei Qu, Weilan Cai, Yang Xu, Depei Wu, and Jianhong Chu
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Science - Abstract
Abstract BCMA-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy demonstrates impressive clinical response in multiple myeloma (MM). However, some patients with BCMA-deficient tumours cannot benefit from this therapy, and others can experience BCMA antigen loss leading to relapse, thus necessitating the identification of additional CAR-T targets. Here, we show that FcRH5 is expressed on multiple myeloma cells and can be targeted with CAR-T cells. FcRH5 CAR-T cells elicited antigen-specific activation, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity against MM cells. Moreover, FcRH5 CAR-T cells exhibited robust tumoricidal efficacy in murine xenograft models, including one deficient in BCMA expression. We also show that different forms of soluble FcRH5 can interfere with the efficacy of FcRH5 CAR-T cells. Lastly, FcRH5/BCMA-bispecific CAR-T cells efficiently recognized MM cells expressing FcRH5 and/or BCMA and displayed improved efficacy, compared with mono-specific CAR-T cells in vivo. These findings suggest that targeting FcRH5 with CAR-T cells may represent a promising therapeutic avenue for MM.
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- 2023
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25. Ligand dependent interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ mitigates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice
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Samuel A. Druzak, Matteo Tardelli, Suzanne G. Mays, Mireille El Bejjani, Xulie Mo, Kristal M. Maner-Smith, Thomas Bowen, Michael L. Cato, Matthew C. Tillman, Akiko Sugiyama, Yang Xie, Haian Fu, David E. Cohen, and Eric A. Ortlund
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is a soluble lipid-binding protein that transports phosphatidylcholine (PC) between cellular membranes. To better understand the protective metabolic effects associated with hepatic PC-TP, we generated a hepatocyte-specific PC-TP knockdown (L-Pctp −/−) in male mice, which gains less weight and accumulates less liver fat compared to wild-type mice when challenged with a high-fat diet. Hepatic deletion of PC-TP also reduced adipose tissue mass and decreases levels of triglycerides and phospholipids in skeletal muscle, liver and plasma. Gene expression analysis suggest that the observed metabolic changes are related to transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferative activating receptor (PPAR) family members. An in-cell protein complementation screen between lipid transfer proteins and PPARs uncovered a direct interaction between PC-TP and PPARδ that was not observed for other PPARs. We confirmed the PC-TP– PPARδ interaction in Huh7 hepatocytes, where it was found to repress PPARδ-mediated transactivation. Mutations of PC-TP residues implicated in PC binding and transfer reduce the PC-TP-PPARδ interaction and relieve PC-TP-mediated PPARδ repression. Reduction of exogenously supplied methionine and choline reduces the interaction while serum starvation enhances the interaction in cultured hepatocytes. Together our data points to a ligand sensitive PC-TP– PPARδ interaction that suppresses PPAR activity.
- Published
- 2023
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26. Integrated genomic analysis reveals aberrations in WNT signaling in germ cell tumors of childhood and adolescence
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Lin Xu, Joshua L. Pierce, Angelica Sanchez, Kenneth S. Chen, Abhay A. Shukla, Nicholas J. Fustino, Sarai H. Stuart, Aditya Bagrodia, Xue Xiao, Lei Guo, Mark D. Krailo, Furqan Shaikh, Deborah F. Billmire, Farzana Pashankar, Jessica Bestrashniy, J. Wolter Oosterhuis, Ad J. M. Gillis, Yang Xie, Lisa Teot, Jaume Mora, Jenny N. Poynter, Dinesh Rakheja, Leendert H. J. Looijenga, Bruce W. Draper, A. Lindsay Frazier, and James F. Amatruda
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are neoplasms of the testis, ovary and extragonadal sites that occur in infants, children, adolescents and adults. Post-pubertal (type II) malignant GCTs may present as seminoma, non-seminoma or mixed histologies. In contrast, pre-pubertal (type I) GCTs are limited to (benign) teratoma and (malignant) yolk sac tumor (YST). Epidemiologic and molecular data have shown that pre- and post-pubertal GCTs arise by distinct mechanisms. Dedicated studies of the genomic landscape of type I and II GCT in children and adolescents are lacking. Here we present an integrated genomic analysis of extracranial GCTs across the age spectrum from 0–24 years. Activation of the WNT pathway by somatic mutation, copy-number alteration, and differential promoter methylation is a prominent feature of GCTs in children, adolescents and young adults, and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Significantly, we find that small molecule WNT inhibitors can suppress GCT cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight the importance of WNT pathway signaling in GCTs across all ages and provide a foundation for future efforts to develop targeted therapies for these cancers.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
27. CAR-neutrophil mediated delivery of tumor-microenvironment responsive nanodrugs for glioblastoma chemo-immunotherapy
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Yun Chang, Xuechao Cai, Ramizah Syahirah, Yuxing Yao, Yang Xu, Gyuhyung Jin, Vijesh J. Bhute, Sandra Torregrosa-Allen, Bennett D. Elzey, You-Yeon Won, Qing Deng, Xiaojun Lance Lian, Xiaoguang Wang, Omolola Eniola-Adefeso, and Xiaoping Bao
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal solid tumors in human. While efficacious therapeutics, such as emerging chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and chemotherapeutics, have been developed to treat various cancers, their effectiveness in GBM treatment has been hindered largely by the blood-brain barrier and blood-brain-tumor barriers. Human neutrophils effectively cross physiological barriers and display effector immunity against pathogens but the short lifespan and resistance to genome editing of primary neutrophils have limited their broad application in immunotherapy. Here we genetically engineer human pluripotent stem cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in to express various anti-GBM CAR constructs with T-specific CD3ζ or neutrophil-specific γ-signaling domains. CAR-neutrophils with the best anti-tumor activity are produced to specifically and noninvasively deliver and release tumor microenvironment-responsive nanodrugs to target GBM without the need to induce additional inflammation at the tumor sites. This combinatory chemo-immunotherapy exhibits superior and specific anti-GBM activities, reduces off-target drug delivery and prolongs lifespan in female tumor-bearing mice. Together, this biomimetic CAR-neutrophil drug delivery system is a safe, potent and versatile platform for treating GBM and possibly other devastating diseases.
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- 2023
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28. Precise segmentation of densely interweaving neuron clusters using G-Cut
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Li, Rui, primary, Zhu, Muye, additional, Li, Junning, additional, Bienkowski, Michael S., additional, Foster, Nicholas N., additional, Xu, Hanpeng, additional, Ard, Tyler, additional, Bowman, Ian, additional, Zhou, Changle, additional, Veldman, Matthew B., additional, Yang, X. William, additional, Hintiryan, Houri, additional, Zhang, Junsong, additional, and Dong, Hong-Wei, additional
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- 2019
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29. Publisher Correction: Direct probing of single-molecule chemiluminescent reaction dynamics under catalytic conditions in solution
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Ziqing Zhang, Jinrun Dong, Yibo Yang, Yuan Zhou, Yuang Chen, Yang Xu, and Jiandong Feng
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Science - Published
- 2024
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30. Generation of Fermat’s spiral patterns by solutal Marangoni-driven coiling in an aqueous two-phase system
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Yang Xiao, Neil M. Ribe, Yage Zhang, Yi Pan, Yang Cao, and Ho Cheung Shum
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
In this work, the authors describe a three-dimensional Marangoni transport process in an aqueous two-phase system. Marangoni-driven spreading initiated with salt leads to the formation of Fermat’s spiral patterns, that are of relevance for materials fabrication and microfluidics.
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- 2022
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31. Reward salience but not spatial attention dominates the value representation in the orbitofrontal cortex
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Wenyi Zhang, Yang Xie, and Tianming Yang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes value, but how attention modulates its encoding is not clear. Here, the authors demonstrate that the representation of value in OFC is dominated by reward salience but only weakly modulated by spatial attention.
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- 2022
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32. Mapping global lake dynamics reveals the emerging roles of small lakes
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Xuehui Pi, Qiuqi Luo, Lian Feng, Yang Xu, Jing Tang, Xiuyu Liang, Enze Ma, Ran Cheng, Rasmus Fensholt, Martin Brandt, Xiaobin Cai, Luke Gibson, Junguo Liu, Chunmiao Zheng, Weifeng Li, and Brett A. Bryan
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Lakes are essential components of the hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. Here, Pi et al develop a global lake dataset called GLAKES via high-resolution satellite images and deep learning to examine global lake changes over four decades.
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- 2022
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33. High-resolution silkworm pan-genome provides genetic insights into artificial selection and ecological adaptation
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Xiaoling Tong, Min-Jin Han, Kunpeng Lu, Shuaishuai Tai, Shubo Liang, Yucheng Liu, Hai Hu, Jianghong Shen, Anxing Long, Chengyu Zhan, Xin Ding, Shuo Liu, Qiang Gao, Bili Zhang, Linli Zhou, Duan Tan, Yajie Yuan, Nangkuo Guo, Yan-Hong Li, Zhangyan Wu, Lulu Liu, Chunlin Li, Yaru Lu, Tingting Gai, Yahui Zhang, Renkui Yang, Heying Qian, Yanqun Liu, Jiangwen Luo, Lu Zheng, Jinghou Lou, Yunwu Peng, Weidong Zuo, Jiangbo Song, Songzhen He, Songyuan Wu, Yunlong Zou, Lei Zhou, Lan Cheng, Yuxia Tang, Guotao Cheng, Lianwei Yuan, Weiming He, Jiabao Xu, Tao Fu, Yang Xiao, Ting Lei, Anying Xu, Ye Yin, Jian Wang, Antónia Monteiro, Eric Westhof, Cheng Lu, Zhixi Tian, Wen Wang, Zhonghuai Xiang, and Fangyin Dai
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Tong et al. describe a super pangenome assembled from long-read sequences of 545 wild and domesticated silkworms. Naturally selected (diapause, aposemantic coloration) or artificially selected (silk yield and fineness) sets of genes are delineated.
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- 2022
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34. Neuromorphic device based on silicon nanosheets
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Chenhao Wang, Xinyi Xu, Xiaodong Pi, Mark D. Butala, Wen Huang, Lei Yin, Wenbing Peng, Munir Ali, Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi, Xvsheng Qiao, Yang Xu, Wei Sun, and Deren Yang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Silicon is an abundant element on earth and is perfectly compatible with the well-established CMOS processing industry. Here, Sun et al. demonstrate multifunctional neuromorphic devices based on silicon nanosheet stacks, bringing silicon back as a potential material for neuromorphic devices.
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- 2022
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35. Diagonal integration of multimodal single-cell data: potential pitfalls and paths forward
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Yang Xu and Rachel Patton McCord
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Science - Abstract
Diagonal integration of multimodal single-cell data emerges as a trending topic. However, empowering diagonal methods for novel biological discoveries requires bridging huge gaps. Here, we comment on potential risks and future directions of diagonal integration for multimodal single-cell data.
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- 2022
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36. An instantly fixable and self-adaptive scaffold for skull regeneration by autologous stem cell recruitment and angiogenesis
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Gonggong Lu, Yang Xu, Quanying Liu, Manyu Chen, Huan Sun, Peilei Wang, Xing Li, Yuxiang Wang, Xiang Li, Xuhui Hui, En Luo, Jun Liu, Qing Jiang, Jie Liang, Yujiang Fan, Yong Sun, and Xingdong Zhang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Limited stem cells and mismatched interface fusion have plagued biomaterial-mediated cranial reconstruction. Here, the authors engineer an instantly fixable and self-adaptive scaffold to promote calcium chelation and interface integration, regulate macrophage M2 polarization, and recruit endogenous stem cells.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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37. CO2/carbonate-mediated electrochemical water oxidation to hydrogen peroxide
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Lei Fan, Xiaowan Bai, Chuan Xia, Xiao Zhang, Xunhua Zhao, Yang Xia, Zhen-Yu Wu, Yingying Lu, Yuanyue Liu, and Haotian Wang
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Science - Abstract
Electrochemical H2O oxidation to H2O2 is challenged by the competitive O2 evolution reaction. Here, the authors report a CO2/carbonate mediation approach to steering the H2O oxidation pathway from O2 evolution to H2O2 generation.
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- 2022
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38. Active conformation of the p97-p47 unfoldase complex
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Yang Xu, Han Han, Ian Cooney, Yuxuan Guo, Noah G. Moran, Nathan R. Zuniga, John C. Price, Christopher P. Hill, and Peter S. Shen
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Science - Abstract
The p97 unfoldase is an essential and abundant enzyme that segregates its substrates from macromolecular complexes and organelle membranes. Here, authors determined the structure of human p97 in the act of unfolding an authentic substrate.
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- 2022
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39. Inhibition of the CDK2 and Cyclin A complex leads to autophagic degradation of CDK2 in cancer cells
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Jiawei Zhang, Yichao Gan, Hongzhi Li, Jie Yin, Xin He, Liming Lin, Senlin Xu, Zhipeng Fang, Byung-wook Kim, Lina Gao, Lili Ding, Eryun Zhang, Xiaoxiao Ma, Junfeng Li, Ling Li, Yang Xu, David Horne, Rongzhen Xu, Hua Yu, Ying Gu, and Wendong Huang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
CDK2 can drive the proliferation of cancer cells. Here, the authors screened for a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of the CDK2/cylinA complex and find that Homoharringtonine can disrupt the complex and promote the degradation of CDK2.
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- 2022
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40. ZNF117 regulates glioblastoma stem cell differentiation towards oligodendroglial lineage
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Jun Liu, Xiaoying Wang, Ann T. Chen, Xingchun Gao, Benjamin T. Himes, Hongyi Zhang, Zeming Chen, Jianhui Wang, Wendy C. Sheu, Gang Deng, Yang Xiao, Pan Zou, Shenqi Zhang, Fuyao Liu, Yong Zhu, Rong Fan, Toral R. Patel, W. Mark Saltzman, and Jiangbing Zhou
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Science - Abstract
Improved treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) can be achieved by inducing differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Here, the authors show that zinc finger protein 117 (ZNF117) is a regulator of GSC differentiation via Notch signaling through interaction with JAG2, and can be targeted for therapy.
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- 2022
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41. Sox5 regulates beta-cell phenotype and is reduced in type 2 diabetes
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Axelsson, A. S., primary, Mahdi, T., additional, Nenonen, H. A., additional, Singh, T., additional, Hänzelmann, S., additional, Wendt, A., additional, Bagge, A., additional, Reinbothe, T. M., additional, Millstein, J., additional, Yang, X., additional, Zhang, B., additional, Gusmao, E. G., additional, Shu, L., additional, Szabat, M., additional, Tang, Y., additional, Wang, J., additional, Salö, S., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Artner, I., additional, Fex, M., additional, Johnson, J. D., additional, Wollheim, C. B., additional, Derry, J.M.J., additional, Mecham, B., additional, Spégel, P., additional, Mulder, H., additional, Costa, I.G., additional, Zhang, E., additional, and Rosengren, A. H., additional
- Published
- 2017
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42. An open-like conformation of the sigma-1 receptor reveals its ligand entry pathway
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Fuhui Meng, Yang Xiao, Yujia Ji, Ziyi Sun, and Xiaoming Zhou
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Science - Abstract
The nonopioid sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), interacts with multiple effector proteins and various synthetic ligands, and is implicated in many diseases. Here, authors provide structural and functional evidence to reveal the likely ligand entry pathway for σ1R.
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- 2022
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43. Colocalized, bidirectional optogenetic modulations in freely behaving mice with a wireless dual-color optoelectronic probe
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Lizhu Li, Lihui Lu, Yuqi Ren, Guo Tang, Yu Zhao, Xue Cai, Zhao Shi, He Ding, Changbo Liu, Dali Cheng, Yang Xie, Huachun Wang, Xin Fu, Lan Yin, Minmin Luo, and Xing Sheng
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Simultaneous neural activation and inhibition in the same brain region of animals is highly desirable. Here the authors report a wireless, dual-colour optogenetic probe with the co-expression of two spectrally distinct opsins to allow for bidirectional neuronal activity manipulation in a rodent model.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. In-situ transfer vat photopolymerization for transparent microfluidic device fabrication
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Yang Xu, Fangjie Qi, Huachao Mao, Songwei Li, Yizhen Zhu, Jingwen Gong, Lu Wang, Noah Malmstadt, and Yong Chen
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Despite many advantages of vat photopolymerization in microfluidic device fabrication, well-controlled μm-sized (< 100 μm) channels in the layer building direction remains a challenge. Here, authors present a general high resolution and low-cost 3D printing process that can produce devices within the 10 μm scale.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Dynamic recurrence risk and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit prediction by ctDNA in resected NSCLC
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Bin Qiu, Wei Guo, Fan Zhang, Fang Lv, Ying Ji, Yue Peng, Xiaoxi Chen, Hua Bao, Yang Xu, Yang Shao, Fengwei Tan, Qi Xue, Shugeng Gao, and Jie He
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
ctDNA has been shown to identify minimal residual disease (MRD) and is thus dynamically monitored in different types of tumours. Here, the authors show that serial longitudinal ctDNA analysis can be used as a tool to detect MRD, inform the use of adjuvant therapy, and predict recurrence risk in lung cancer.
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- 2021
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46. Parametric excitation and squeezing in a many-body spinor condensate
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Hoang, T. M., primary, Anquez, M., additional, Robbins, B. A., additional, Yang, X. Y., additional, Land, B. J., additional, Hamley, C. D., additional, and Chapman, M. S., additional
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- 2016
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47. Modular ketal-linked prodrugs and biomaterials enabled by organocatalytic transisopropenylation of alcohols
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Na Yu, Yang Xu, Tao Liu, Haiping Zhong, Zunkai Xu, Tianjiao Ji, Hui Zou, Jingqing Mu, Ziqi Chen, Xing-Jie Liang, Linqi Shi, Daniel S. Kohane, and Shutao Guo
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Isopropenyl ethers (IPPEs) are essential intermediates for obtaining ketal-based prodrugs and biomaterials, but traditional approaches for their synthesis are limited by poor functional group compatibility and harsh reaction conditions. Here, the authors report an organocatalytic transisopropenylation approach for IPPE synthesis in mild reaction conditions and with wide range of substrates, and use it to prepare acid-sensitive ketal-linked prodrugs and biomaterials.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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48. Highly active and selective oxygen reduction to H2O2 on boron-doped carbon for high production rates
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Yang Xia, Xunhua Zhao, Chuan Xia, Zhen-Yu Wu, Peng Zhu, Jung Yoon (Timothy) Kim, Xiaowan Bai, Guanhui Gao, Yongfeng Hu, Jun Zhong, Yuanyue Liu, and Haotian Wang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction provides an environmentally-benign route for hydrogen peroxide production but lacks efficient catalysts to achieve high selectivity and activity simultaneously. Here, the authors report a boron-doped carbon catalyst which shows great promise with outstanding performance.
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- 2021
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49. Dissecting spatial heterogeneity and the immune-evasion mechanism of CTCs by single-cell RNA-seq in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Yun-Fan Sun, Liang Wu, Shi-Ping Liu, Miao-Miao Jiang, Bo Hu, Kai-Qian Zhou, Wei Guo, Yang Xu, Yu Zhong, Xiao-Rui Zhou, Ze-Fan Zhang, Geng Liu, Sheng Liu, Ying-Hong Shi, Yuan Ji, Min Du, Nan-Nan Li, Gui-Bo Li, Zhi-Kun Zhao, Xiao-Yun Huang, Li-Qin Xu, Qi-Chao Yu, David H. Peng, Shuang-Jian Qiu, Hui-Chuan Sun, Michael Dean, Xiang-Dong Wang, Wen-Yuan Chung, Ashley R. Dennison, Jian Zhou, Yong Hou, Jia Fan, and Xin-Rong Yang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Circulating tumour cells can be useful for monitoring disease progression but how they survive in the circulatory system is unclear. Here, the authors use single-cell sequencing of circulating tumour cells from multiple vascular sites in liver cancer patients and identify genes that may help the cells survive.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Transparent origami glass
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Yang Xu, Ye Li, Ning Zheng, Qian Zhao, and Tao Xie
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Glass is indispensable but its processing options are limited. Here the authors extend origami techniques to shaping three-dimensional transparent glass by introducing physical cavitation and chemical dynamic bond exchange in the pre-glass polymer-silica nanocomposites.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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