1. The temporal dynamics and infectiousness of subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infections in relation to parasite density
- Author
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Eleanor M. Riley, Bronner P. Gonçalves, François Nosten, Natalie E. Hofmann, Janet Midega, Jacklin F. Mosha, Safiatou Doumbo, Anders Björkman, Roly Gosling, Ulrika Morris, Alfred B. Tiono, Nicholas J. White, Ivo Mueller, Amanda Ross, Renaud Piarroux, Smita Das, Fitsum G. Tadesse, Daniel Chandramohan, Mallika Imwong, Felista Mwingira, Gonzalo J. Domingo, Teun Bousema, Melissa C. Kapulu, Mwinyi I. Msellem, André Lin Ouédraogo, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Jackie Cook, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Chris Drakeley, Ingrid Felger, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Endalamaw Gadisa, Richard Paul, Cécile Nabet, Naomi W. Lucchi, Lucy C Okell, Cristian Koepfli, Hannah C Slater, Kwadwo A. Koram, Robert W. Sauerwein, Leanne J. Robinson, Medical Research Council (MRC), Medicines for Malaria Venture, The Royal Society, Imperial College London, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Papua New Guinea Institute for Medical Research (PNGIMR), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), University of Melbourne, Burnet Institute [Melbourne, Victoria], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme [Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso] (CNRFP), Institute for Disease Modeling (IDM), Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Département Parasites et Insectes vecteurs - Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Diagnostics Program [Seattle, WA, USA] (PATH), University of Oxford, University of Health and Allied Sciences [Ho] (UHAS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), University of Ghana, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mwanza Medical Research Centre [Mwanza, Tanzania], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Dares Salaam University College of Education, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Edinburgh, Mahidol University [Bangkok], and H.C.S. would like to acknowledge funding support from an Imperial College JuniorResearch Fellowship. L.C.O. acknowledges funding from a UK Royal Society DorothyHodgkin fellowship, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Medicines for MalariaVenture. R.Pa. would like to acknowledge funding from the Strategic Anopheles Hor-izontal Research Programme, Institut Pasteur. H.C.S. and L.C.O. acknowledge jointCentre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and Department for Interna-tional Development.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Science ,Population ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Parasitemia ,Low transmission ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,MD Multidisciplinary ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Parasite hosting ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,education ,lcsh:Science ,Rapid diagnostic test ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Plasmodium falciparum ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology ,Malaria - Abstract
Malaria infections occurring below the limit of detection of standard diagnostics are common in all endemic settings. However, key questions remain surrounding their contribution to sustaining transmission and whether they need to be detected and targeted to achieve malaria elimination. In this study we analyse a range of malaria datasets to quantify the density, detectability, course of infection and infectiousness of subpatent infections. Asymptomatically infected individuals have lower parasite densities on average in low transmission settings compared to individuals in higher transmission settings. In cohort studies, subpatent infections are found to be predictive of future periods of patent infection and in membrane feeding studies, individuals infected with subpatent asexual parasite densities are found to be approximately a third as infectious to mosquitoes as individuals with patent (asexual parasite) infection. These results indicate that subpatent infections contribute to the infectious reservoir, may be long lasting, and require more sensitive diagnostics to detect them in lower transmission settings., The role of subpatent infections for malaria transmission and elimination is unclear. Here, Slater et al. analyse several malaria datasets to quantify the density, detectability, course of infection and infectiousness of subpatent infections.
- Published
- 2019