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1. Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries

Author

Giulia Andrighetto, Aron Szekely, Andrea Guido, Michele Gelfand, Jered Abernathy, Gizem Arikan, Zeynep Aycan, Shweta Bankar, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Huyen Thi Thu Bui, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Dorrough, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Susann Fiedler, Olivia Foster-Gimbel, Gonçalo Freitas, Marta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Colin Mathew Hugues D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Katarzyna Growiec, Hirofumi Hashimoto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Hirotaka Imada, Yoshio Kamijo, Hansika Kapoor, Yoshihisa Kashima, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Diana León, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Kadi Liik, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Angela T. Maitner, Pavan Mamidi, Michele McArdle, Imed Medhioub, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Sari Mentser, Francisco Morales, Jayanth Narayanan, Kohei Nitta, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Evgeny Osin, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Oleksandr Pereverziev, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Angel Sánchez, Sara Sherbaji, Brent Simpson, Lorenzo Spadoni, Eftychia Stamkou, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Fiona Fira Winata, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Qing-peng Zhang, and Kimmo Eriksson

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat.

Published
2024
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2. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Michele Gelfand, Junhui Wu, Jered Abernathy, Charity S. Akotia, Alisher Aldashev, Per A. Andersson, Giulia Andrighetto, Adote Anum, Gizem Arikan, Zeynep Aycan, Fatemeh Bagherian, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Birzhan Batkeyev, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Marie Björnstjerna, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Inna Bovina, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Juan-Camilo Cardenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Rui Costa-Lopes, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Dorrough, Nikolay Dvoryanchikov, Anja Eller, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Susann Fiedler, Olivia A. Foster-Gimbel, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, C. M. Hew D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Vladimir Gritskov, Katarzyna Growiec, Peter Halama, Andree Hartanto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Dzintra Iliško, Hirotaka Imada, Hansika Kapoor, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Ninetta Khoury, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Norman P. Li, Zhuo Li, Kadi Liik, Angela T. Maitner, Bernardo Manhique, Harry Manley, Imed Medhioub, Sari Mentser, Linda Mohammed, Pegah Nejat, Orlando Nipassa, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Minna S. Persson, Mpho Pheko, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Alvaro San Martin, Sara Sherbaji, Hiroshi Shimizu, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Kosuke Takemura, Hassan Tieffi, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Napoj Thanomkul, Habib Tiliouine, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Yannis Tsirbas, Richard Wan, Sita Widodo, Rizqy Zein, Qing-peng Zhang, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, and Paul A. M. Van Lange

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Little is known about people’s preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people’s perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.

Published
2021
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3. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Kimmo Eriksson, Pontus Strimling, Michele Gelfand, Junhui Wu, Jered Abernathy, Charity S. Akotia, Alisher Aldashev, Per A. Andersson, Giulia Andrighetto, Adote Anum, Gizem Arikan, Zeynep Aycan, Fatemeh Bagherian, Davide Barrera, Dana Basnight-Brown, Birzhan Batkeyev, Anabel Belaus, Elizaveta Berezina, Marie Björnstjerna, Sheyla Blumen, Paweł Boski, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Inna Bovina, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Juan-Camilo Cardenas, Đorđe Čekrlija, Hoon-Seok Choi, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Rui Costa-Lopes, Mícheál de Barra, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Angela Dorrough, Nikolay Dvoryanchikov, Anja Eller, Jan B. Engelmann, Hyun Euh, Xia Fang, Susann Fiedler, Olivia A. Foster-Gimbel, Márta Fülöp, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, C. M. Hew D. Gill, Andreas Glöckner, Sylvie Graf, Ani Grigoryan, Vladimir Gritskov, Katarzyna Growiec, Peter Halama, Andree Hartanto, Tim Hopthrow, Martina Hřebíčková, Dzintra Iliško, Hirotaka Imada, Hansika Kapoor, Kerry Kawakami, Narine Khachatryan, Natalia Kharchenko, Ninetta Khoury, Toko Kiyonari, Michal Kohút, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Lisa M. Leslie, Yang Li, Norman P. Li, Zhuo Li, Kadi Liik, Angela T. Maitner, Bernardo Manhique, Harry Manley, Imed Medhioub, Sari Mentser, Linda Mohammed, Pegah Nejat, Orlando Nipassa, Ravit Nussinson, Nneoma G. Onyedire, Ike E. Onyishi, Seniha Özden, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Minna S. Persson, Mpho Pheko, Anna-Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Marianna Pogosyan, Jana Raver, Cecilia Reyna, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Sara Romanò, Pedro P. Romero, Inari Sakki, Alvaro San Martin, Sara Sherbaji, Hiroshi Shimizu, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Kosuke Takemura, Hassan Tieffi, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Napoj Thanomkul, Habib Tiliouine, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Yannis Tsirbas, Richard Wan, Sita Widodo, Rizqy Zein, Qing-peng Zhang, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, and Paul A. M. Van Lange

Subjects
Science
Published
2021
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4. Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Martina Hřebíčková, Giulia Andrighetto, Dzintra Iliško, Minna S. Persson, Richard Wan, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Harry Manley, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Orlando Nipassa, Jered Abernathy, Hiroshi Shimizu, Tim Hopthrow, Kosuke Takemura, Katarzyna Growiec, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Olivia Foster-Gimbel, Habib Tiliouine, Angela Rachael Dorrough, Sheyla Blumen, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Kadi Liik, Per A. Andersson, Brent Simpson, Yang Li, N V Dvoryanchikov, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, Ricardo Borges Rodrigues, Yannis Tsirbas, C. M.Hew D. Gill, Anna Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Norman P. Li, Qing peng Zhang, Paweł Boski, Nneoma Gift Onyedire, Peter Halama, Linda Mohammed, Kerry Kawakami, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Marianna Pogosyan, Napoj Thanomkul, Davide Barrera, Sylvie Graf, Pedro Romero, Hansika Kapoor, Hirotaka Imada, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Jana L. Raver, Elizaveta Berezina, Alisher Aldashev, Sara Romanò, Mícheál de Barra, Sari Mentser, Zhuo Li, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Michal Kohút, Bernardo Manhique, Inna Bovina, Hyun Euh, Michele J. Gelfand, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Adote Anum, Alvaro San Martin, Fatemeh Bagherian, Xia Fang, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Hassan Tieffi, Mpho M. Pheko, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Lisa M. Leslie, Ike E. Onyishi, Toko Kiyonari, Gizem Arikan, Vladimir Gritskov, Sita Widodo, Susann Fiedler, Junhui Wu, Narine Khachatryan, Ani Grigoryan, Márta Fülöp, Inari Sakki, Kimmo Eriksson, Hoon Seok Choi, Andree Hartanto, Jan B. Engelmann, Pontus Strimling, Seniha Özden, Marie Björnstjerna, Birzhan Batkeyev, Natalia Kharchenko, Zeynep Aycan, Rui Costa-Lopes, Angela T. Maitner, Cecilia Reyna, Sara Sherbaji, Charity S. Akotia, Imed Medhioub, Anabel Belaus, Andreas Glöckner, Đorđe Čekrlija, Erna Szabo, Pegah Nejat, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Ravit Nussinson, Ninetta Khoury, Anja Eller, Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Aycan, Zeynep (ORCID 0000-0003-4784-334X & YÖK ID 5798), Özden, Seniha, Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M., Wu, J., Abernathy, J., Akotia, C. S., Aldashev, A., Andersson, P. A., Andrighetto, G., Anum, A., Arıkan, G., Bagherian, F., Barrera, D., Basnight-Brown, D., Batkeyev, B., Belaus, A., Berezina, E., Björnstjerna, M., Blumen, S., Boski, P., Zeineddine, F. B., Bovina, I., Huyen, B. T. T., Cardenas, J. C., Čekrlija, Đ., Choi, H. S., Contreras-Ibáñez, C. C., Costa-Lopes, R., de Barra, M., de Zoysa, P., Dorrough, A., Dvoryanchikov, N., Eller, A., Engelmann, J. B., Euh, H., Fang, X., Fiedler, S., Foster-Gimbel, O. A., Fülöp, M., Gardarsdottir, R. B., Gill, C. M. H. D., Glöckner, A., Graf, S., Grigoryan, A., Gritskov, V., Growiec, K., Halama, P., Hartanto, A., Hopthrow, T., Hřebíčková, M., Iliško, D., Imada, H., Kapoor, H., Kawakami, K., Khachatryan, N., Kharchenko, N., Khoury, N., Kiyonari, T., Kohút, M., Linh, L. T., Leslie, L. M., Li, Y., Li, N. P., Li, Z., Liik, K., Maitner, A. T., Manhique, B., Manley, H., Medhioub, I., Mentser, S., Mohammed, L., Nejat, P., Nipassa, O., Nussinson, R., Onyedire, N. G., Onyishi, I. E., Panagiotopoulou, P., Perez-Floriano, L. R., Persson, M. S., Pheko, M., Pirttilä-Backman, A. M., Pogosyan, M., Raver, J., Reyna, C., Rodrigues, R. B., Romanò, S., Romero, P. P., Sakki, I., San Martin, A., Sherbaji, S., Shimizu, H., Simpson, B., Szabo, E., Takemura, K., Tieffi, H., Mendes Teixeira, M. L., Thanomkul, N., Tiliouine, H., Travaglino, G. A., Tsirbas, Y., Wan, R., Widodo, S., Zein, R., Zhang, Q. P., Zirganou-Kazolea, L., Van Lange, P. A. M., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Social Sciences), Everyday thinking and arguing, Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, and Experimental and Political Economics / CREED (ASE, FEB)

Subjects
Male, Value of Life, PERCEPTIONS, RESPONSE, General Physics and Astronomy, Ostracism, 050109 social psychology, Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica], Gossip, STRENGTH, Social Norms, Sanctions, Attention, Comprehension, Female, Humans, Judgment, Negotiating, Social Support, Violence, Perception, Social Behavior, PUNISHMENT, purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1 [https], Multidisciplinary, purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https], CROSS-CULTURAL, 05 social sciences, Cultural universal, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Justice and Strong Institutions, PREVALENCE, 5144 Social psychology, NORM VIOLATION, 5141 Sociology, Psychology, Social norms, Cultural-differences, Punishment, Prevalence, Strenght, Origins, Social psychology, SDG 16 - Peace, Science, BF, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, META-NORMS, Social support, Human behaviour, 0502 economics and business, CULTURAL-DIFFERENCES, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Science and technology, Multidisciplinary sciences, Psychology and behaviour, COOPERATION, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, General Chemistry, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ORIGINS, Value of life, Norm (social), 050203 business & management, Social behavior
Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about people's preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people's perception of the appropriateness of norm violations., Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences; Riksbankens Jubileumsfond; Czech Science Foundation; Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Psychology; Stockholm University

Published
2021

5. Author Correction: Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies

Author

Napoj Thanomkul, Giulia Andrighetto, Lina Zirganou-Kazolea, Hassan Tieffi, Zhuo Li, Hansika Kapoor, Richard Wan, Davide Barrera, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, Susann Fiedler, Ragna B. Gardarsdottir, Anja Eller, Adote Anum, Vladimir Gritskov, Martina Hřebíčková, Jered Abernathy, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Dzintra Iliško, Sita Widodo, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Narine Khachatryan, Yang Li, Habib Tiliouine, Penny Panagiotopoulou, Katarzyna Growiec, Andree Hartanto, Márta Fülöp, Orlando Nipassa, Pegah Nejat, Jan B. Engelmann, N V Dvoryanchikov, Pontus Strimling, Angela Rachael Dorrough, Nneoma Gift Onyedire, Linda Mohammed, Seniha Özden, Piyanjali de Zoysa, Jana L. Raver, Hiroshi Shimizu, Per A. Andersson, Elizaveta Berezina, Mícheál de Barra, Anna Maija Pirttilä-Backman, Birzhan Batkeyev, Minna S. Persson, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Sara Romanò, Lisa M. Leslie, Hyun Euh, Norman P. Li, Qing peng Zhang, Carlos C. Contreras-Ibáñez, Paweł Boski, Michal Kohút, Sylvie Graf, Olivia Foster-Gimbel, Sari Mentser, Bernardo Manhique, Alisher Aldashev, Ani Grigoryan, Ravit Nussinson, Michele J. Gelfand, Gizem Arikan, Marie Björnstjerna, Andreas Glöckner, Ninetta Khoury, Bui Thi Thu Huyen, Ike E. Onyishi, Inari Sakki, Toko Kiyonari, Hoon Seok Choi, Rizqy Amelia Zein, Alvaro San Martin, Junhui Wu, Đorđe Čekrlija, Kadi Liik, Brent Simpson, Erna Szabo, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Mpho M. Pheko, Inna Bovina, Maria Luisa Mendes Teixeira, Yannis Tsirbas, Imed Medhioub, Kimmo Eriksson, Fatemeh Bagherian, Rui Costa-Lopes, Angela T. Maitner, Charity S. Akotia, Lê Thuỳ Linh, Natalia Kharchenko, Xia Fang, Peter Halama, Hirotaka Imada, Anabel Belaus, Zeynep Aycan, Lorena R. Perez-Floriano, Pedro Romero, Cecilia Reyna, Sara Sherbaji, Sheyla Blumen, Harry Manley, Kosuke Takemura, C. M.Hew D. Gill, Kerry Kawakami, Marianna Pogosyan, Tim Hopthrow, and Ricardo Borges Rodrigues

Subjects
Male, Value of Life, Norm (group), Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Violence, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Judgment, Human behaviour, Social Norms, Humans, Attention, Sociology, Author Correction, Social Behavior, Psychology and behaviour, Multidisciplinary, Negotiating, Published Erratum, Social Support, General Chemistry, Female, Perception, Comprehension, Humanities
Abstract

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate.

Published
2021

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