211 results on '"Surfaces '
Search Results
2. Estimating internationally imported cases during the early COVID-19 pandemic
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Tigist F. Menkir, Taylor Chin, James A. Hay, Erik D. Surface, Pablo M. De Salazar, Caroline O. Buckee, Alexander Watts, Kamran Khan, Ryan Sherbo, Ada W. C. Yan, Michael J. Mina, Marc Lipsitch, and Rene Niehus
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Science - Abstract
Sparse testing early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic hinders estimation of the dates and origins of initial case importations. Here, the authors show that the main source of cases imported from China shifted from Wuhan to other Chinese cities by mid-February, especially for African locations.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Inverse designed plasmonic metasurface with parts per billion optical hydrogen detection
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Ferry Anggoro Ardy Nugroho, Ping Bai, Iwan Darmadi, Gabriel W. Castellanos, Joachim Fritzsche, Christoph Langhammer, Jaime Gómez Rivas, Andrea Baldi, Surface Photonics, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, Photo Conversion Materials, and LaserLaB - Energy
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Multidisciplinary ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Plasmonic sensors rely on optical resonances in metal nanoparticles and are typically limited by their broad spectral features. This constraint is particularly taxing for optical hydrogen sensors, in which hydrogen is absorbed inside optically-lossy Pd nanostructures and for which state-of-the-art detection limits are only at the low parts-per-million (ppm) range. Here, we overcome this limitation by inversely designing a plasmonic metasurface based on a periodic array of Pd nanoparticles. Guided by a particle swarm optimization algorithm, we numerically identify and experimentally demonstrate a sensor with an optimal balance between a narrow spectral linewidth and a large field enhancement inside the nanoparticles, enabling a measured hydrogen detection limit of 250 parts-per-billion (ppb). Our work significantly improves current plasmonic hydrogen sensor capabilities and, in a broader context, highlights the power of inverse design of plasmonic metasurfaces for ultrasensitive optical (gas) detection.
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- 2022
4. New insights in polydopamine formation via surface adsorption
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Hamoon Hemmatpour, Oreste De Luca, Dominic Crestani, Marc C. A. Stuart, Alessia Lasorsa, Patrick C. A. van der Wel, Katja Loos, Theodosis Giousis, Vahid Haddadi-Asl, Petra Rudolf, Surfaces and Thin Films, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Product Technology, Electron Microscopy, and Stratingh Institute of Chemistry
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Multidisciplinary ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Polydopamine is a biomimetic self-adherent polymer, which can be easily deposited on a wide variety of materials. Despite the rapidly increasing interest in polydopamine-based coatings, the polymerization mechanism and the key intermediate species formed during the deposition process are still controversial. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of polydopamine formation on halloysite nanotubes; the negative charge and high surface area of halloysite nanotubes favour the capture of intermediates that are involved in polydopamine formation and decelerate the kinetics of the process, to unravel the various polymerization steps. Data from X-ray photoelectron and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies demonstrate that in the initial stage of polydopamine deposition, oxidative coupling reaction of the dopaminechrome molecules is the main reaction pathway that leads to formation of polycatecholamine oligomers as an intermediate and the post cyclization of the linear oligomers occurs subsequently. Furthermore, Tris molecules are incorporated into the initially formed oligomers.
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- 2023
5. Near-critical spreading of droplets
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Raphael Saiseau, Christian Pedersen, Anwar Benjana, Andreas Carlson, Ulysse Delabre, Thomas Salez, Jean-Pierre Delville, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oslo (UiO), ANR-15-CE30-0015,FISICS,Interactions induites par des fluctuations entre interfaces molles dans les systèmes complexes(2015), ANR-21-ERCC-0010,EMetBrown,Mouvement brownien au voisinage d'interfaces molles(2021), ANR-21-CE06-0029,SOFTER,Capteur Interférométrique de Contraintes de Surface(2021), ANR-21-CE06-0039,FRICOLAS,Frottements dans les systèmes complexes(2021), and European Project: ERC CoG 101039103,EMetBrown
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn] ,Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph) ,Multidisciplinary ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) ,[PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech] ,[PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft] ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
We study the spreading of droplets in a near-critical phase-separated liquid mixture, using a combination of experiments, lubrication theory and finite-element numerical simulations. The classical Tanner's law describing the spreading of viscous droplets is robustly verified when the critical temperature is neared. Furthermore, the microscopic cut-off length scale emerging in this law is obtained as a single free parameter for each given temperature. In total-wetting conditions, this length is interpreted as the thickness of the thin precursor film present ahead of the apparent contact line. The collapse of the different evolutions onto a single Tanner-like master curve demonstrates the universality of viscous spreading before entering in the fluctuation-dominated regime. Finally, our results reveal a counter-intuitive and sharp thinning of the precursor film when approaching the critical temperature, which is further attributed to the vanishing spreading parameter at the critical point and the associated increasing role of critical Casimir forces in the thin precursor film.
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- 2022
6. Process-oriented analysis of dominant sources of uncertainty in the land carbon sink
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O'Sullivan, Michael, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Anthoni, Peter, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Delire, Christine, Goll, Daniel S, Jain, Atul, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Knauer, Jürgen, Lienert, Sebastian, Lombardozzi, Danica, McGuire, Patrick C, Melton, Joe R, Nabel, Julia E M S, Pongratz, Julia, Poulter, Benjamin, Séférian, Roland, Tian, Hanqin, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and M.O.S., P.F. and S.S. have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 821003 (project 4 C).
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Carbon Sequestration ,Multidisciplinary ,530 Physics ,Uncertainty ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Chemistry ,Carbon Dioxide ,Plants ,Carbon ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Earth sciences ,Soil ,ddc:550 ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Ecosystem - Abstract
The observed global net land carbon sink is captured by current land models. All models agree that atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition driven gains in carbon stocks are partially offset by climate and land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) losses. However, there is a lack of consensus in the partitioning of the sink between vegetation and soil, where models do not even agree on the direction of change in carbon stocks over the past 60 years. This uncertainty is driven by plant productivity, allocation, and turnover response to atmospheric CO2 (and to a smaller extent to LULCC), and the response of soil to LULCC (and to a lesser extent climate). Overall, differences in turnover explain ~70% of model spread in both vegetation and soil carbon changes. Further analysis of internal plant and soil (individual pools) cycling is needed to reduce uncertainty in the controlling processes behind the global land carbon sink.
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- 2022
7. Carbon isotope records reveal precise timing of enhanced Southern Ocean upwelling during the last deglaciation
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Giuseppe Siani, Gulay Isguder, Anna Lourantou, Elisabeth Michel, M. Carel, Fabien Dewilde, Tim DeVries, Frank Lamy, Ricardo De Pol-Holz, Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Oceanografía [Concepción], Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Los Angeles], University of California-University of California, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Interactions et Dynamique des Environnements de Surface, CNRS-Université de Paris-Sud, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Multidisciplinary ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Ocean current ,General Physics and Astronomy ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,General Chemistry ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Carbon cycle ,Atmosphere ,Foraminifera ,Oceanography ,13. Climate action ,Deglaciation ,Upwelling ,Thermohaline circulation ,14. Life underwater ,Tephra ,Geology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
International audience; The Southern Ocean plays a prominent role in the Earth’s climate and carbon cycle. Changes in the Southern Ocean circulation may have regulated the release of CO2 to the atmosphere from a deep-ocean reservoir during the last deglaciation. However, the path and exact timing of this deglacial CO2 release are still under debate. Here we present measurements of deglacial surface reservoir 14C age changes in the eastern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, obtained by 14C dating of tephra deposited over the marine and terrestrial regions. These results, along with records of foraminifera benthic–planktic 14C age and δ13C difference, provide evidence for three periods of enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean during the last deglaciation, supporting the hypothesis that Southern Ocean upwelling contributed to the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2. These independently dated marine records suggest synchronous changes in the Southern Ocean circulation and Antarctic climate during the last deglaciation.
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- 2013
8. On-surface preparation of coordinated lanthanide-transition-metal clusters
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Song Gao, Mingjun Zhong, Tianhao Wu, Bing-Wu Wang, Jie Li, Jing Liu, Shimin Hou, Zhen Xu, Ziyong Shen, Rong Sun, Qiang Xue, Ruoning Li, Yongfeng Wang, Hao Tang, Xiong Zhou, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Surfaces, Interfaces et Nano-Objets (CEMES-SINanO), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), South China University of Technology [Guangzhou] (SCUT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
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Lanthanide ,Materials science ,Nitrile ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Transition metal ,law ,Pyridine ,Cluster (physics) ,Multidisciplinary ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Coordination chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Cerium ,Scanning probe microscopy ,chemistry ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Density functional theory ,Scanning tunneling microscope ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The study of lanthanide (Ln)-transition-metal (TM) heterometallic clusters which play key roles in various high-tech applications is a rapid growing field of research. Despite the achievement of numerous Ln-TM cluster compounds comprising one Ln atom, the synthesis of Ln-TM clusters containing multiple Ln atoms remains challenging. Here, we present the preparation and self-assembly of a series of Au-bridged heterometallic clusters containing multiple cerium (Ce) atoms via on-surface coordination. By employing different pyridine and nitrile ligands, the ordered coordination assemblies of clusters containing 2, 3 and 4 Ce atoms bridged by Au adatoms are achieved on Au(111) and Au(100), as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Density functional theory calculations uncover the indispensable role of the bridging Au adatoms in constructing the multi-Ce-containing clusters by connecting the Ce atoms via unsupported Ce-Au bonds. These findings demonstrate on-surface coordination as an efficient strategy for preparation and organization of the multi-Ln-containing heterometallic clusters., The preparation of lanthanide-transition metal clusters containing multiple lanthanide atoms remains challenging. Here, the authors present the controlled on-surface formation of ligand-stabilized heterometallic Ce/Au clusters containing two, three and four Ce atoms bridged by Au adatoms.
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- 2021
9. Forest management in southern China generates short term extensive carbon sequestration
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Kjeld Rasmussen, Zhengchao Chen, Stéphanie Horion, Xiao-Peng Song, Rasmus Fensholt, Yuemin Yue, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Ciais, Xiaowei Tong, Josep Peñuelas, Bing Zhang, Xiaojun Li, Xiangming Xiao, Kelin Wang, Martin Rudbeck Jepsen, Lei Fan, Yuhang Wang, Sassan Saatchi, Martin Brandt, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinses Academy of Sciences, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), department of microbiology and plant biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), TexasTech University, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University (BNU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Science ,Forest management ,Land management ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Carbon sequestration ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Ecosystem services ,lcsh:Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,Land use ,Agroforestry ,business.industry ,Climate-change ecology ,Carbon sink ,Forestry ,General Chemistry ,15. Life on land ,Climate change mitigation ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,business - Abstract
Land use policies have turned southern China into one of the most intensively managed forest regions in the world, with actions maximizing forest cover on soils with marginal agricultural potential while concurrently increasing livelihoods and mitigating climate change. Based on satellite observations, here we show that diverse land use changes in southern China have increased standing aboveground carbon stocks by 0.11 ± 0.05 Pg C y−1 during 2002–2017. Most of this regional carbon sink was contributed by newly established forests (32%), while forests already existing contributed 24%. Forest growth in harvested forest areas contributed 16% and non-forest areas contributed 28% to the carbon sink, while timber harvest was tripled. Soil moisture declined significantly in 8% of the area. We demonstrate that land management in southern China has been removing an amount of carbon equivalent to 33% of regional fossil CO2 emissions during the last 6 years, but forest growth saturation, land competition for food production and soil-water depletion challenge the longevity of this carbon sink service., Forest management may play an important role in climate change mitigation. Here, Tong et al. combine remote sensing and machine learning modelling to map forest cover dynamics in southern China during 2002–2017, showing effects on carbon sequestration that are extensive but of uncertain longevity and possible negative impact on soil water.
- Published
- 2020
10. Significance of the organic aerosol driven climate feedback in the boreal area
- Author
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Yli-Juuti, Taina, Mielonen, Tero, Heikkinen, Liine, Arola, Antti, Ehn, Mikael, Isokääntä, Sini, Keskinen, Helmi-Marja, Kulmala, Markku, Laakso, Anton, Lipponen, Antti, Luoma, Krista, Mikkonen, Santtu, Nieminen, Tuomo, Paasonen, Pauli, Petäjä, Tuukka, Romakkaniemi, Sami, Tonttila, Juha, Kokkola, Harri, Virtanen, Annele, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Global Atmosphere-Earth surface feedbacks, Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Air quality research group, Tampere University, and Physics
- Subjects
Atmospheric chemistry ,Science ,Atmospheric science ,Climate change ,sense organs ,114 Physical sciences ,complex mixtures ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Article - Abstract
Aerosol particles cool the climate by scattering solar radiation and by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. Higher temperatures resulting from increased greenhouse gas levels have been suggested to lead to increased biogenic secondary organic aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations creating a negative climate feedback mechanism. Here, we present direct observations on this feedback mechanism utilizing collocated long term aerosol chemical composition measurements and remote sensing observations on aerosol and cloud properties. Summer time organic aerosol loadings showed a clear increase with temperature, with simultaneous increase in cloud condensation nuclei concentration in a boreal forest environment. Remote sensing observations revealed a change in cloud properties with an increase in cloud reflectivity in concert with increasing organic aerosol loadings in the area. The results provide direct observational evidence on the significance of this negative climate feedback mechanism., Vegetation emits organic vapors which can form aerosols in the atmosphere and influence cloud properties. Here, the authors show observational evidence that warmer temperatures lead to increased emissions of these aerosols in boreal forests which cause surface cooling, demonstrating a negative climate feedback mechanism.
- Published
- 2021
11. Emergence of active nematics in chaining bacterial biofilms
- Author
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Yusuf Ilker Yaman, Roman Vetter, Esin Demir, Askin Kocabas, Kocabaş, Aşkın (ORCID 0000-0002-6930-1202 & YÖK ID 227753), Yaman, Yusuf İlker, Demir, Esin, Vetter, Roman, Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Yüzey Araştırmaları Merkezi (KUYTAM), Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Department of Physics, and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Intravital Microscopy ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Time-Lapse Imaging ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Topological defects ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Topological defect ,Stress (mechanics) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liquid crystal ,lcsh:Science ,Science and technology ,Multidisciplinary ,Biofilm ,Bacillus-subtilis ,Liquid-crystals ,Instability ,Dynamics ,Tissue ,General Chemistry ,Biological tissue ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Active matter ,030104 developmental biology ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Chemical physics ,Biofilms ,Chaining ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,lcsh:Q ,Stress, Mechanical ,0210 nano-technology ,Biological physics ,Bacillus subtilis - Abstract
Growing tissue and bacterial colonies are active matter systems where cell divisions and cellular motion generate active stress. Although they operate in the non-equilibrium regime, these biological systems can form large-scale ordered structures. How mechanical instabilities drive the dynamics of active matter systems and form ordered structures are not well understood. Here, we use chaining Bacillus subtilis, also known as a biofilm, to study the relation between mechanical instabilities and nematic ordering. We find that bacterial biofilms have intrinsic length scales above which a series of mechanical instabilities occur. Localized stress and friction drive buckling and edge instabilities which further create nematically aligned structures and topological defects. We also observe that topological defects control stress distribution and initiate the formation of sporulation sites by creating three-dimensional structures. In this study we propose an alternative active matter platform to study the essential roles of mechanics in growing biological tissue., Nature Communications, 10, ISSN:2041-1723
- Published
- 2019
12. Competition between proton transfer and intermolecular Coulombic decay in water
- Author
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Clara-Magdalena Saak, Tsveta Miteva, Olle Björneholm, Uwe Hergenhahn, Daniel Hollas, Petr Slavíček, Melanie Mucke, Marko Förstel, Nicolas Sisourat, Clemens Richter, Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering [Leipzig] (IOM), University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Uppsala University, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Materials science ,Proton ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,010402 general chemistry ,Physical Chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Macromolecules and clusters ,lcsh:Science ,Fysikalisk kemi ,Multidisciplinary ,Intermolecular force ,Relaxation (NMR) ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus] ,Excited states ,Atomic and molecular interactions with photons ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter ,Chemical physics ,Excited state ,lcsh:Q ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,0210 nano-technology ,Den kondenserade materiens fysik - Abstract
Intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a ubiquitous relaxation channel of electronically excited states in weakly bound systems, ranging from dimers to liquids. As it is driven by electron correlation, it was assumed that it will dominate over more established energy loss mechanisms, for example fluorescence. Here, we use electron–electron coincidence spectroscopy to determine the efficiency of the ICD process after 2a1 ionization in water clusters. We show that this efficiency is surprisingly low for small water clusters and that it gradually increases to 40–50% for clusters with hundreds of water units. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that proton transfer between neighboring water molecules proceeds on the same timescale as ICD and leads to a configuration in which the ICD channel is closed. This conclusion is further supported by experimental results from deuterated water. Combining experiment and theory, we infer an intrinsic ICD lifetime of 12–52 fs for small water clusters., Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay is responsible for the generation of slow electrons in clusters and biological samples. Here the authors use electron–electron coincidence detection to find the competitive roles of proton transfer and ICD that occur on similar time scales in water clusters.
- Published
- 2018
13. Aerosol-boundary-layer-monsoon interactions amplify semi-direct effect of biomass smoke on low cloud formation in Southeast Asia
- Author
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Hang Su, Zilin Wang, Meinrat O. Andreae, Jianning Sun, Yafang Cheng, Tuukka Petäjä, Aijun Ding, Ke Ding, Paquita Zuidema, Zhe-Min Tan, Derong Zhou, Xin Huang, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Daniel Rosenfeld, Ulrich Pöschl, Huijun Wang, Robert Wood, Minghuai Wang, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Congbin Fu, Hong Liao, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), and Global Atmosphere-Earth surface feedbacks
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Atmospheric chemistry ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Science ,Energy balance ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Subtropics ,010501 environmental sciences ,Monsoon ,Atmospheric sciences ,114 Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,complex mixtures ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Marine stratocumulus ,Article ,14. Life underwater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Smoke ,Atmospheric dynamics ,Multidisciplinary ,General Chemistry ,15. Life on land ,Aerosol ,Climate Action ,Boundary layer ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,sense organs - Abstract
Low clouds play a key role in the Earth-atmosphere energy balance and influence agricultural production and solar-power generation. Smoke aloft has been found to enhance marine stratocumulus through aerosol-cloud interactions, but its role in regions with strong human activities and complex monsoon circulation remains unclear. Here we show that biomass burning aerosols aloft strongly increase the low cloud coverage over both land and ocean in subtropical southeastern Asia. The degree of this enhancement and its spatial extent are comparable to that in the Southeast Atlantic, even though the total biomass burning emissions in Southeast Asia are only one-fifth of those in Southern Africa. We find that a synergetic effect of aerosol-cloud-boundary layer interaction with the monsoon is the main reason for the strong semi-direct effect and enhanced low cloud formation in southeastern Asia., Biomass burning emissions have been shown to influence clouds in the Atlantic, but its influence in other regions is not well known. Here, the authors show that biomass burning aerosols increase the low-cloud cover over subtropical southeastern Asia by a similar magnitude than over the Atlantic.
- Published
- 2020
14. The role of the 5f valence orbitals of early actinides in chemical bonding
- Author
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Vitova, T, Pidchenko, I, Fellhauer, D, Bagus, P.S., Joly, Y, Pruessmann, T, Bahl, S, Gonzalez-Robles, E, Rothe, J, Altmaier, M., Denecke, Melissa Anne, Geckeis, H., Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas (UNT), Surfaces, Interfaces et Nanostructures (SIN ), Institut Néel (NEEL), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
- Subjects
[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/dalton_nuclear_institute ,[PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other] ,Chemistry & allied sciences ,Science ,ddc:540 ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Dalton Nuclear Institute ,Actinides XANES RIXS ,Article - Abstract
One of the long standing debates in actinide chemistry is the level of localization and participation of the actinide 5f valence orbitals in covalent bonds across the actinide series. Here we illuminate the role of the 5f valence orbitals of uranium, neptunium and plutonium in chemical bonding using advanced spectroscopies: actinide M4,5 HR-XANES and 3d4f RIXS. Results reveal that the 5f orbitals are active in the chemical bonding for uranium and neptunium, shown by significant variations in the level of their localization evidenced in the spectra. In contrast, the 5f orbitals of plutonium appear localized and surprisingly insensitive to different bonding environments. We envisage that this report of using relative energy differences between the 5fδ/ϕ and 5fπ*/5fσ* orbitals as a qualitative measure of overlap-driven actinyl bond covalency will spark activity, and extend to numerous applications of RIXS and HR-XANES to gain new insights into the electronic structures of the actinide elements., Understanding the chemistry of heavy radioactive elements is crucial to harnessing them for fuel and medicine. Here, the authors combine advanced X-ray spectroscopy and modelling to the study the chemical bonding of the 5f valence orbitals of uranium, neptunium and plutonium.
- Published
- 2017
15. Tailoring the photoelectrochemistry of catalytic metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photoanodes by a dissolution method
- Author
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Soraya Ababou-Girard, Gabriel Loget, Vincent Dorcet, Cristelle Mériadec, Antoine Vacher, Stéphanie Fryars, Bruno Fabre, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse Caractérisation Analyse de la Matière (ScanMAT), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), ANR [ANR-16-CE09-0001-01], ANR-16-CE09-0001,EASi-NANO,Nanostructuration Electrochimique du Silicium pour la Fabrication de Surfaces Fonctionnelles à un Coût Réduit(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Science ,Photoelectrochemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrocatalyst ,7. Clean energy ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Solar fuels ,03 medical and health sciences ,Microelectronics ,Photocatalysis ,Thin film ,lcsh:Science ,Dissolution ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,[CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis ,General Chemistry ,Photoelectrochemical cell ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Surface chemistry ,[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Semiconductor ,lcsh:Q ,Electrocatalysis ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Apart from being key structures of modern microelectronics, metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junctions are highly promising electrodes for artificial leaves, i.e. photoelectrochemical cells that can convert sunlight into energy-rich fuels. Here, we demonstrate that homogeneous Si/SiOx/Ni MIS junctions, employed as photoanodes, can be functionalized with a redox-active species and simultaneously converted into high-photovoltage inhomogeneous MIS junctions by electrochemical dissolution. We also report on the considerable enhancement of performance towards urea oxidation, induced by this process. Finally, we demonstrate that both phenomena can be employed synergistically to design highly-efficient Si-based photoanodes. These findings open doors for the manufacturing of artificial leaves that can generate H2 under solar illumination using contaminated water., Designing synthetic systems to convert light into fuel is crucial in renewable energy development. Here, authors study electrodissolution in nickel thin films from metal-insulator-semiconductor junctions and find decreased homogeneity to improve junction properties and catalytic performances.
- Published
- 2019
16. Controls of soil organic matter on soil thermal dynamics in the northern high latitudes
- Author
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Philippe Ciais, Gustaf Hugelius, Dan Zhu, Fabienne Maignan, Albert Jornet Puig, Gerhard Krinner, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cryospheric science ,Hot Temperature ,Soil texture ,Science ,Climate Change ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Climate change ,Permafrost ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal diffusivity ,Atmospheric sciences ,complex mixtures ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,Organic Chemicals ,lcsh:Science ,Water content ,Multidisciplinary ,Soil organic matter ,General Chemistry ,Soil carbon ,Carbon cycle ,15. Life on land ,Models, Theoretical ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bulk density ,Carbon ,030104 developmental biology ,13. Climate action ,[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Permafrost warming and potential soil carbon (SOC) release after thawing may amplify climate change, yet model estimates of present-day and future permafrost extent vary widely, partly due to uncertainties in simulated soil temperature. Here, we derive thermal diffusivity, a key parameter in the soil thermal regime, from depth-specific measurements of monthly soil temperature at about 200 sites in the high latitude regions. We find that, among the tested soil properties including SOC, soil texture, bulk density, and soil moisture, SOC is the dominant factor controlling the variability of diffusivity among sites. Analysis of the CMIP5 model outputs reveals that the parameterization of thermal diffusivity drives the differences in simulated present-day permafrost extent among these models. The strong SOC-thermics coupling is crucial for projecting future permafrost dynamics, since the response of soil temperature and permafrost area to a rising air temperature would be impacted by potential changes in SOC., Soils in the northern permafrost region contain large quantities of organic carbon, formed over long time scales under cold climates. Here the authors test a number of soil properties and show that soil organic carbon is the dominant factor controlling thermal diffusivity among 200 sites in high latitude regions.
- Published
- 2018
17. Inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the magnetic transition in an iron-rhodium thin film
- Author
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Gatel, C., Warot-Fonrose, B., Biziere, N., Rodríguez, L.A., Reyes, D., Cours, R., Castiella, M., Casanove, M.J., Interférométrie, In situ et Instrumentation pour la Microscopie Electronique (CEMES-I3EM), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Matériaux et dispositifs pour l'Electronique et le Magnétisme (CEMES-MEM), Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Division of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Surfaces, Interfaces et Nano-Objets (CEMES-SINanO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Science ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Article - Abstract
Monitoring a magnetic state using thermal or electrical activation is mandatory for the development of new magnetic devices, for instance in heat or electrically assisted magnetic recording or room-temperature memory resistor. Compounds such as FeRh, which undergoes a magnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic state around 100 °C, are thus highly desirable. However, the mechanisms involved in the transition are still under debate. Here we use in situ heating and cooling electron holography to quantitatively map at the nanometre scale the magnetization of a cross-sectional FeRh thin film through the antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic transition. Our results provide a direct observation of an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the transition temperature along the growth direction. Most interestingly, a regular spacing of the ferromagnetic domains nucleated upon monitoring of the transition is also observed. Beyond these findings on the fundamental transition mechanisms, our work also brings insights for in operando analysis of magnetic devices., Films of iron-rhodium alloy undergo a magnetic transition at 100°C, and so are attractive for applications, but a detailed understanding of the transition mechanism has not been achieved. Here, the authors use electron holography to quantitatively map the transition's progress through the film depth.
- Published
- 2017
18. Increased sensitivity to climate change in disturbed ecosystems
- Author
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Bridget A. Emmett, Alwyn Sowerby, Torben Riis-Nielsen, Dario Liberati, Johannes Ransijn, Jane Kongstad, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Albert Tietema, Romà Ogaya, György Kröel-Dulay, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Marc Estiarte, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, János Garadnai, Josep Peñuelas, Paolo De Angelis, Giovanbattista de Dato, Edit Kovács-Láng, Andrew R. Smith, Claus Beier, and Earth Surface Science (IBED, FNWI)
- Subjects
Climate Change ,Biodiversity ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Climate change ,Ecological succession ,Global Warming ,Ecology and Environment ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Shrubland ,Alternative stable state ,Climate science ,Ecosystem ,geography ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Global warming ,General Chemistry ,Plants ,15. Life on land ,Droughts ,Europe ,Earth sciences ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,sense organs ,Species richness - Abstract
Human domination of the biosphere includes changes to disturbance regimes, which push many ecosystems towards early-successional states. Ecological theory predicts that early-successional ecosystems are more sensitive to perturbations than mature systems, but little evidence supports this relationship for the perturbation of climate change. Here we show that vegetation (abundance, species richness and species composition) across seven European shrublands is quite resistant to moderate experimental warming and drought, and responsiveness is associated with the dynamic state of the ecosystem, with recently disturbed sites responding to treatments. Furthermore, most of these responses are not rapid (2-5 years) but emerge over a longer term (7-14 years). These results suggest that successional state influences the sensitivity of ecosystems to climate change, and that ecosystems recovering from disturbances may be sensitive to even modest climatic changes. A research bias towards undisturbed ecosystems might thus lead to an underestimation of the impacts of climate change.
- Published
- 2015
19. Ferroelectric domain wall motion induced by polarized light
- Author
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José F. Fernández, Adolfo del Campo, Pascal Marchet, Fernando Rubio-Marcos, Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, Electroceramics Department, Axe 3 : organisation structurale multiéchelle des matériaux (SPCTS-AXE3), Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Multidisciplinary ,Brewster's angle ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Stress induced ,General Physics and Astronomy ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Polarization (waves) ,Bioinformatics ,Ferroelectricity ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Data bits ,Article ,symbols.namesake ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Electric field ,symbols ,Single crystal ,Confocal raman spectroscopy - Abstract
Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous and stable polarization, which can usually be reoriented by an applied external electric field. The electrically switchable nature of this polarization is at the core of various ferroelectric devices. The motion of the associated domain walls provides the basis for ferroelectric memory, in which the storage of data bits is achieved by driving domain walls that separate regions with different polarization directions. Here we show the surprising ability to move ferroelectric domain walls of a BaTiO3 single crystal by varying the polarization angle of a coherent light source. This unexpected coupling between polarized light and ferroelectric polarization modifies the stress induced in the BaTiO3 at the domain wall, which is observed using in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy. This effect potentially leads to the non-contact remote control of ferroelectric domain walls by light., Domain walls between ferroelectric domains are of interest for ferroelectric memory and to achieve a better control of the switching process. Here, the authors induce the motion of ferroelectric domains by light, creating a new possibility to control ferroelectrics.
- Published
- 2015
20. Interplay of weak interactions in the atom-by-atom condensation of xenon within quantum boxes
- Author
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Jonas Björk, Shigeki Kawai, Sylwia Nowakowska, Thomas Nijs, Lutz H. Gade, Ernst Meyer, Aneliia Wäckerlin, Toni Ivas, Christian Wäckerlin, Meike Stöhr, Shadi Fatayer, Jan Nowakowski, Thomas A. Jung, and Surfaces and Thin Films
- Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Microscope ,Condensation ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Theoretical physics ,Xenon ,chemistry ,Chemical physics ,law ,Teoretisk kemi ,Atom ,Theoretical chemistry ,Theoretical Chemistry ,Nanoscopic scale ,Quantum ,Quantum tunnelling - Abstract
Condensation processes are of key importance in nature and play a fundamental role in chemistry and physics. Owing to size effects at the nanoscale, it is conceptually desired to experimentally probe the dependence of condensate structure on the number of constituents one by one. Here we present an approach to study a condensation process atom-by-atom with the scanning tunnelling microscope, which provides a direct real-space access with atomic precision to the aggregates formed in atomically defined ‘quantum boxes’. Our analysis reveals the subtle interplay of competing directional and nondirectional interactions in the emergence of structure and provides unprecedented input for the structural comparison with quantum mechanical models. This approach focuses on—but is not limited to—the model case of xenon condensation and goes significantly beyond the well-established statistical size analysis of clusters in atomic or molecular beams by mass spectrometry., Condensation in the regime of weakly interactions is of fundamental importance. Here, the authors study the condensation process one atom at a time, showing the forces driving the behaviour of xenon atoms as they condense into aggregate structures in nanoscale pores.
- Published
- 2015
21. Independent tuning of size and coverage of supported Pt nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition
- Author
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Jan Rongé, Ranjith Karuparambil Ramachandran, André Vantomme, Jolien Dendooven, Giuseppe Portale, Johan A. Martens, Eduardo Solano, Christophe Detavernier, Mert Kurttepeli, Thomas Dobbelaere, Matthias Minjauw, Sara Bals, Kilian Devloo-Casier, Alessandro Coati, Gino Heremans, Lisa Geerts, Univ Ghent, COCOON, Dept Solid State Sci, Krijgslaan 281-S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, ALBA Synchrotron light source [Barcelone], Univ Antwerp, Electron Microscopy Mat Sci EMAT, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Surface Chem & Catalysis, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, Univ Groningen, Macromol Chem & New Polymer Mat, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials
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Materials science ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanoparticle ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,Platinum nanoparticles ,OXIDATION ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,Atomic layer deposition ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,lcsh:Science ,SPUTTER-DEPOSITION ,Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,PLATINUM OXIDE-FILMS ,Multidisciplinary ,Scattering ,METAL-CATALYSTS ,General Chemistry ,Sputter deposition ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Physics and Astronomy ,ALD ,HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION ,Particle ,GROWTH ,MORPHOLOGY ,lcsh:Q ,REMOTE PLASMA ,GOLD CLUSTERS ,Particle size ,0210 nano-technology ,Platinum ,Engineering sciences. Technology - Abstract
Synthetic methods that allow for the controlled design of well-defined Pt nanoparticles are highly desirable for fundamental catalysis research. In this work, we propose a strategy that allows precise and independent control of the Pt particle size and coverage. Our approach exploits the versatility of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique by combining two ALD processes for Pt using different reactants. The particle areal density is controlled by tailoring the number of ALD cycles using trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum and oxygen, while subsequent growth using the same Pt precursor in combination with nitrogen plasma allows for tuning of the particle size at the atomic level. The excellent control over the particle morphology is clearly demonstrated by means of in situ and ex situ X-ray fluorescence and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering experiments, providing information about the Pt loading, average particle dimensions, and mean center-to-center particle distance., The performance of supported nanoparticle catalysts is closely related to their size, shape and interparticle distance. Here, the authors introduce an atomic layer deposition-based strategy to independently tune the size and coverage of platinum nanoparticles with atomic-level precision.
- Published
- 2017
22. Precise atom manipulation through deep reinforcement learning
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Chen, I-Ju, Aapro, Markus, Kipnis, Abraham, Ilin, Alexander, Liljeroth, Peter, Foster, Adam, Surfaces and Interfaces at the Nanoscale, Atomic Scale Physics, Computer Science Professors of Practice, Department of Applied Physics, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,FOS: Physical sciences - Abstract
openaire: EC/H2020/788185/EU//E-DESIGN Atomic-scale manipulation in scanning tunneling microscopy has enabled the creation of quantum states of matter based on artificial structures and extreme miniaturization of computational circuitry based on individual atoms. The ability to autonomously arrange atomic structures with precision will enable the scaling up of nanoscale fabrication and expand the range of artificial structures hosting exotic quantum states. However, the a priori unknown manipulation parameters, the possibility of spontaneous tip apex changes, and the difficulty of modeling tip-atom interactions make it challenging to select manipulation parameters that can achieve atomic precision throughout extended operations. Here we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to control the real-world atom manipulation process. Several state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) techniques are used jointly to boost data efficiency. The DRL agent learns to manipulate Ag adatoms on Ag(111) surfaces with optimal precision and is integrated with path planning algorithms to complete an autonomous atomic assembly system. The results demonstrate that state-of-the-art DRL can offer effective solutions to real-world challenges in nanofabrication and powerful approaches to increasingly complex scientific experiments at the atomic scale.
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23. Triscysteine disulfide-directing motifs enabling design and discovery of multicyclic peptide binders.
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Duan Z, Kong C, Fan S, and Wu C
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- Amino Acid Motifs, Drug Discovery methods, Amino Acid Sequence, Peptides chemistry, Peptides metabolism, Peptides, Cyclic chemistry, Peptides, Cyclic metabolism, Protein Binding, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Folding, Disulfides chemistry, Cysteine chemistry, Peptide Library
- Abstract
Peptides are valuable for therapeutic development, with multicyclic peptides showing promise in mimicking antigen-binding potency of antibodies. However, our capability to engineer multicyclic peptide scaffolds, particularly for the construction of large combinatorial libraries, is still limited. Here, we study the interplay of disulfide pairing between three biscysteine motifs, and designed a range of triscysteine motifs with unique disulfide-directing capability for regulating the oxidative folding of multicyclic peptides. We demonstrate that incorporating these motifs into random sequences allows the design of disulfide-directed multicyclic peptide (DDMP) libraries with up to four disulfide bonds, which have been applied for the successful discovery of peptide binders with nanomolar affinity to several challenging targets. This study encourages the use of more diverse disulfide-directing motifs for creating multicyclic peptide libraries and opens an avenue for discovering functional peptides in sequence and structural space beyond existing peptide scaffolds, potentially advancing the field of peptide drug discovery., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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24. A Fe-NC electrocatalyst boosted by trace bromide ions with high performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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Yin S, Chen L, Yang J, Cheng X, Zeng H, Hong Y, Huang H, Kuai X, Lin Y, Huang R, Jiang Y, and Sun S
- Abstract
Replacement of expensive and rare platinum with metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is hindered by their inferior activity. Herein, we report a highly active iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst by optimizing the carbon structure and coordination environments of Fe-N
4 sites. A critical high-temperature treatment with ammonium chloride and ammonium bromide not only enhances the intrinsic activity and density of Fe-N4 sites, but also introduces numerous defects, trace Br ions and creates mesopores in the carbon framework. Notably, surface Br ions significantly improve the interaction between the ionomer and catalyst particles, promoting ionomer infiltration and optimizing the O2 transport and charge transfer at triple-phase boundary. This catalyst delivers a high peak power density of 1.86 W cm-2 and 54 mA cm-2 at 0.9 ViR-free in a H2 -O2 fuel cells at 80 °C. Our findings highlight the critical role of interface microenvironment regulation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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25. Revealing and reconstructing the 3D Li-ion transportation network for superionic poly(ethylene) oxide conductor.
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Fang CD, Huang Y, Sun YF, Sun PF, Li K, Yao SY, Zhang MY, Fang WH, and Chen JJ
- Abstract
Understanding the Li-ions conduction network and transport dynamics in polymer electrolyte is crucial for developing reliable all-solid-state batteries. In this work, advanced nano- X-ray computed tomography combined with Raman spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance are used to multi-scale qualitatively and quantitatively reveal ion conduction network of poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO)-based electrolyte (from atomic, nano to macroscopic level). With the clear mapping of the microstructural heterogeneities of the polymer segments, aluminium-oxo molecular clusters (AlOC) are used to reconstruct a high-efficient conducting network with high available Li-ions (76.7%) and continuous amorphous domains via the strong supramolecular interactions. Such superionic PEO conductor (PEO-LiTFSI-AlOC) exhibites a molten-like Li-ion conduction behaviour among the whole temperature range and delivers an ionic conductivity of 1.87 × 10
-4 S cm-1 at 35 °Ϲ. This further endows Li electrochemical plating/stripping stability under 50 μA cm-2 and 50 μAh cm-2 over 2000 h. The as-built Li|PEO-LiTFSI-AlOC|LiFePO4 full batteries show a high rate performance and a capacity retention more than 90% over 200 cycling at 250 μA cm-2 , even enabling a high-loading LiFePO4 cathode of 16.8 mg cm-2 with a specific capacity of 150 mAh g-1 at 50 °Ϲ., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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26. Electrically tunable layer-hybridized trions in doped WSe 2 bilayers.
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Perea-Causin R, Brem S, Buchner F, Lu Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Lupton JM, Lin KQ, and Malic E
- Abstract
Doped van der Waals heterostructures host layer-hybridized trions, i.e. charged excitons with layer-delocalized constituents holding promise for highly controllable optoelectronics. Combining a microscopic theory with photoluminescence (PL) experiments, we demonstrate the electrical tunability of the trion energy landscape in naturally stacked WSe
2 bilayers. We show that an out-of-plane electric field modifies the energetic ordering of the lowest lying trion states, which consist of layer-hybridized Λ -point electrons and layer-localized K-point holes. At small fields, intralayer-like trions yield distinct PL signatures in opposite doping regimes characterized by weak Stark shifts in both cases. Above a doping-asymmetric critical field, interlayer-like species are energetically favored and produce PL peaks with a pronounced Stark red-shift and a counter-intuitively large intensity arising from efficient phonon-assisted recombination. Our work presents an important step forward in the microscopic understanding of layer-hybridized trions in van der Waals heterostructures and paves the way towards optoelectronic applications based on electrically controllable atomically-thin semiconductors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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27. A weakly coordinating-intervention strategy for modulating Na + solvation sheathes and constructing robust interphase in sodium-metal batteries.
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Wang C, Sun Z, Liu Y, Liu L, Yin X, Hou Q, Fan J, Yan J, Yuan R, Zheng M, and Dong Q
- Abstract
Constructing powerful anode/cathode interphases by modulate ion solvation structure is the principle of electrolyte design. However, the methodological and theoretical design principles of electrolyte/solvation structure and their effect on electrochemical performance are still vague. Here, we propose a cationic weakly coordinating-intervention strategy for modulating the Na
+ solvation sheathes and constructing robust anode/cathode interphases in sodium-metal batteries. Unlike the local highly concentrated electrolytes, 1,2-difluorobenzene can weakly coordinate with Na+ thus transforming the solvation structure into Na+ -anion-incorporated structures and strengthening anode/cathode interphases formation by combining with salt decomposition. Furthermore, the correlations between the electrode interface properties and solvation structure are revealed, which can be tuned by the weakly coordination. Ultimately, the modulated electrolyte achieves 97.5% Coulombic efficiency for 600 cycles in Na‖Cu cells at 1 mA cm-2 and a beneficial lifetime (2500 h) in Na‖Na cells. Meanwhile, Na‖PB cells have achieved long-term operation at 4.8 V, along with operation at wide temperatures., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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28. An in situ exploration of how Fe/N/C oxygen reduction catalysts evolve during synthesis under pyrolytic conditions.
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Yin S, Yi H, Liu M, Yang J, Yang S, Zhang BW, Chen L, Cheng X, Huang H, Huang R, Jiang Y, Liao H, and Sun S
- Abstract
In pursuing cheap and effective oxygen reduction catalysts, the Fe/N/C system emerges as a promising candidate. Nevertheless, the structural transformations of starting materials into Fe- and N-doped carbon catalysts remains poorly characterized under pyrolytic conditions. Here, we explore the evolution of Fe species and track the formation of Fe-N
4 site development by employing diverse in-situ diagnostic techniques. In-situ heating microscopy reveals the initial formation of FeOx nanoparticles and subsequent internal migration within the carbon matrix, which stops once FeOx is fully reduced. The migration and decomposition of nanoparticles then leads to carbon layer reconstruction. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveals size-dependent behavior of FeOx where nanoparticles below 7 nm readily release Fe atoms to form Fe-N4 while nanoparticles with sizes >10 nm tend to coalesce and impede Fe-N4 site formation. The work visualizes the pyrolysis process of Fe/N/C materials, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of catalysts., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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29. Radially distributed charging time constants at an electrode-solution interface.
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Niu B, Xie RC, Ren B, Long YT, and Wang W
- Abstract
An electrochemically homogeneous electrode-solution interface should be understood as spatially invariant in both terms of intrinsic reactivity for the electrode side and electrical resistance mainly for the solution side. The latter remains presumably assumed in almost all cases. However, by using optical microscopy to spatially resolve the classic redox electrochemistry occurring at the whole surface of a gold macroelectrode, we discover that the electron transfer occurs always significantly sooner (by milliseconds), rather than faster in essence, at the radial coordinates closer to the electrode periphery than the very center. So is the charging process when there is no electron transfer. Based on optical measurements of the interfacial impedance, this spatially unsynchronized electron transfer is attributed to a radially non-uniform distribution of solution resistance. We accordingly manage to eliminate the heterogeneity by engineering the solution resistance distribution. The revealed spatially-dependent charging time 'constant' (to be questioned) would help paint our overall fundamental picture of electrode kinetics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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30. Unraveling the energy storage mechanism in graphene-based nonaqueous electrochemical capacitors by gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
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Yin XT, You EM, Zhou RY, Zhu LH, Wang WW, Li KX, Wu DY, Gu Y, Li JF, Mao BW, and Yan JW
- Abstract
Graphene has been extensively utilized as an electrode material for nonaqueous electrochemical capacitors. However, a comprehensive understanding of the charging mechanism and ion arrangement at the graphene/electrolyte interface remain elusive. Herein, a gap-enhanced Raman spectroscopic strategy is designed to characterize the dynamic interfacial process of graphene with an adjustable number of layers, which is based on synergistic enhancement of localized surface plasmons from shell-isolated nanoparticles and a metal substrate. By employing such a strategy combined with complementary characterization techniques, we study the potential-dependent configuration of adsorbed ions and capacitance curves for graphene based on the number of layers. As the number of layers increases, the properties of graphene transform from a metalloid nature to graphite-like behavior. The charging mechanism shifts from co-ion desorption in single-layer graphene to ion exchange domination in few-layer graphene. The increase in area specific capacitance from 64 to 145 µF cm
-2 is attributed to the influence on ion packing, thereby impacting the electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the potential-dependent coordination structure of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide in tetraglyme ([Li(G4)][FSI]) at graphene/electrolyte interface is revealed. This work adds to the understanding of graphene interfaces with distinct properties, offering insights for optimization of electrochemical capacitors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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31. Dynamic restructuring of nickel sulfides for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Ding X, Liu D, Zhao P, Chen X, Wang H, Oropeza FE, Gorni G, Barawi M, García-Tecedor M, de la Peña O'Shea VA, Hofmann JP, Li J, Kim J, Cho S, Wu R, and Zhang KHL
- Abstract
Transition metal chalcogenides have been identified as low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media. However, the identification of active sites and the underlying catalytic mechanism remain elusive. In this work, we employ operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate that NiS undergoes an in-situ phase transition to an intimately mixed phase of Ni
3 S2 and NiO, generating highly active synergistic dual sites at the Ni3 S2 /NiO interface. The interfacial Ni is the active site for water dissociation and OH* adsorption while the interfacial S acts as the active site for H* adsorption and H2 evolution. Accordingly, the in-situ formation of Ni3 S2 /NiO interfaces enables NiS electrocatalysts to achieve an overpotential of only 95 ± 8 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 . Our work highlighted that the chemistry of transition metal chalcogenides is highly dynamic, and a careful control of the working conditions may lead to the in-situ formation of catalytic species that boost their catalytic performance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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32. CO electrolysis to multicarbon products over grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticles in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzers.
- Author
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Li H, Wei P, Liu T, Li M, Wang C, Li R, Ye J, Zhou ZY, Sun SG, Fu Q, Gao D, Wang G, and Bao X
- Abstract
Producing valuable chemicals like ethylene via catalytic carbon monoxide conversion is an important nonpetroleum route. Here we demonstrate an electrochemical route for highly efficient synthesis of multicarbon (C
2+ ) chemicals from CO. We achieve a C2+ partial current density as high as 4.35 ± 0.07 A cm-2 at a low cell voltage of 2.78 ± 0.01 V over a grain boundary-rich Cu nanoparticle catalyst in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer, with a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 87 ± 1% and a CO conversion of 85 ± 3%. Operando Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the grain boundaries of Cu nanoparticles facilitate CO adsorption and C - C coupling, thus rationalizing a qualitative trend between C2+ production and grain boundary density. A scale-up demonstration using an electrolyzer stack with five 100 cm2 MEAs achieves high C2+ and ethylene formation rates of 118.9 mmol min-1 and 1.2 L min-1 , respectively, at a total current of 400 A (4 A cm-2 ) with a C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 64%., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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33. Unusual facet and co-catalyst effects in TiO 2 -based photocatalytic coupling of methane.
- Author
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Zhang H, Sun P, Fei X, Wu X, Huang Z, Zhong W, Gong Q, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Xie S, Fu G, and Wang Y
- Abstract
Photocatalytic coupling of methane to ethane and ethylene (C
2 compounds) offers a promising approach to utilizing the abundant methane resource. However, the state-of-the-art photocatalysts usually suffer from very limited C2 formation rates. Here, we report our discovery that the anatase TiO2 nanocrystals mainly exposing {101} facets, which are generally considered less active in photocatalysis, demonstrate surprisingly better performances than those exposing the high-energy {001} facet. The palladium co-catalyst plays a pivotal role and the Pd2+ site on co-catalyst accounts for the selective C2 formation. We unveil that the anatase {101} facet favors the formation of hydroxyl radicals in aqueous phase near the surface, where they activate methane molecules into methyl radicals, and the Pd2+ site participates in facilitating the adsorption and coupling of methyl radicals. This work provides a strategy to design efficient nanocatalysts for selective photocatalytic methane coupling by reaction-space separation to optimize heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions at solid-liquid interfaces., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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34. Consummating ion desolvation in hard carbon anodes for reversible sodium storage.
- Author
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Lu Z, Yang H, Guo Y, Lin H, Shan P, Wu S, He P, Yang Y, Yang QH, and Zhou H
- Abstract
Hard carbons are emerging as the most viable anodes to support the commercialization of sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries due to their competitive performance. However, the hard carbon anode suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), and the ambiguous Na-ion (Na
+ ) storage mechanism and interfacial chemistry fail to give a reasonable interpretation. Here, we have identified the time-dependent ion pre-desolvation on the nanopore of hard carbons, which significantly affects the Na+ storage efficiency by altering the solvation structure of electrolytes. Consummating the pre-desolvation by extending the aging time, generates a highly aggregated electrolyte configuration inside the nanopore, resulting in negligible reductive decomposition of electrolytes. When applying the above insights, the hard carbon anodes achieve a high average ICE of 98.21% in the absence of any Na supplementation techniques. Therefore, the negative-to-positive capacity ratio can be reduced to 1.02 for full cells, which enables an improved energy density. The insight into hard carbons and related interphases may be extended to other battery systems and support the continued development of battery technology., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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35. Artificial kagome lattices of Shockley surface states patterned by halogen hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks.
- Author
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Yin R, Zhu X, Fu Q, Hu T, Wan L, Wu Y, Liang Y, Wang Z, Qiu ZL, Tan YZ, Ma C, Tan S, Hu W, Li B, Wang ZF, Yang J, and Wang B
- Abstract
Artificial electronic kagome lattices may emerge from electronic potential landscapes using customized structures with exotic supersymmetries, benefiting from the confinement of Shockley surface-state electrons on coinage metals, which offers a flexible approach to realizing intriguing quantum phases of matter that are highly desired but scarce in available kagome materials. Here, we devise a general strategy to construct varieties of electronic kagome lattices by utilizing the on-surface synthesis of halogen hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (XHOFs). As a proof of concept, we demonstrate three XHOFs on Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces, which correspondingly deliver regular, breathing, and chiral breathing diatomic-kagome lattices with patterned potential landscapes, showing evident topological edge states at the interfaces. The combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, complemented by density functional theory and tight-binding calculations, directly substantiates our method as a reliable and effective way to achieve electronic kagome lattices for engineering quantum states., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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36. Quantifying the interfacial triboelectricity in inorganic-organic composite mechanoluminescent materials.
- Author
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Pan X, Zhuang Y, He W, Lin C, Mei L, Chen C, Xue H, Sun Z, Wang C, Peng D, Zheng Y, Pan C, Wang L, and Xie RJ
- Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) sensing technologies open up new opportunities for intelligent sensors, self-powered displays and wearable devices. However, the emission efficiency of ML materials reported so far still fails to meet the growing application requirements due to the insufficiently understood mechano-to-photon conversion mechanism. Herein, we propose to quantify the ability of different phases to gain or lose electrons under friction (defined as triboelectric series), and reveal that the inorganic-organic interfacial triboelectricity is a key factor in determining the ML in inorganic-organic composites. A positive correlation between the difference in triboelectric series and the ML intensity is established in a series of composites, and a 20-fold increase in ML intensity is finally obtained by selecting an appropriate inorganic-organic combination. The interfacial triboelectricity-regulated ML is further demonstrated in multi-interface systems that include an inorganic phosphor-organic matrix and organic matrix-force applicator interfaces, and again confirmed by self-oxidization and reduction of emission centers under continuous mechanical stimulus. This work not only gives direct experimental evidences for the underlying mechanism of ML, but also provides guidelines for rationally designing high-efficiency ML materials., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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37. Enantioselective functionalization of unactivated C(sp 3 )-H bonds through copper-catalyzed diyne cyclization by kinetic resolution.
- Author
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Chen YB, Liu LG, Wang ZQ, Chang R, Lu X, Zhou B, and Ye LW
- Abstract
Site- and stereoselective C-H functionalization is highly challenging in the synthetic chemistry community. Although the chemistry of vinyl cations has been vigorously studied in C(sp
3 )-H functionalization reactions, the catalytic enantioselective C(sp3 )-H functionalization based on vinyl cations, especially for an unactivated C(sp3 )-H bond, has scarcely explored. Here, we report an asymmetric copper-catalyzed tandem diyne cyclization/unactivated C(sp3 )-H insertion reaction via a kinetic resolution, affording both chiral polycyclic pyrroles and diynes with generally excellent enantioselectivities and excellent selectivity factors (up to 750). Importantly, this reaction demonstrates a metal-catalyzed enantioselective unactivated C(sp3 )-H functionalization via vinyl cation and constitutes a kinetic resolution reaction based on diyne cyclization. Theoretical calculations further support the mechanism of vinyl cation-involved C(sp3 )-H insertion reaction and elucidate the origin of enantioselectivity., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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38. Cyclic peptides discriminate BCL-2 and its clinical mutants from BCL-X L by engaging a single-residue discrepancy.
- Author
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Li F, Liu J, Liu C, Liu Z, Peng X, Huang Y, Chen X, Sun X, Wang S, Chen W, Xiong D, Diao X, Wang S, Zhuang J, Wu C, and Wu D
- Subjects
- bcl-X Protein metabolism, Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic pharmacology, Sulfonamides pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Apoptosis, Cell Line, Tumor, Peptides, Cyclic pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Overexpressed pro-survival B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins BCL-2 and BCL-X
L can render tumor cells malignant. Leukemia drug venetoclax is currently the only approved selective BCL-2 inhibitor. However, its application has led to an emergence of resistant mutations, calling for drugs with an innovative mechanism of action. Herein we present cyclic peptides (CPs) with nanomolar-level binding affinities to BCL-2 or BCL-XL , and further reveal the structural and functional mechanisms of how these CPs target two proteins in a fashion that is remarkably different from traditional small-molecule inhibitors. In addition, these CPs can bind to the venetoclax-resistant clinical BCL-2 mutants with similar affinities as to the wild-type protein. Furthermore, we identify a single-residue discrepancy between BCL-2 D111 and BCL-XL A104 as a molecular "switch" that can differently engage CPs. Our study suggests that CPs may inhibit BCL-2 or BCL-XL by delicately modulating protein-protein interactions, potentially benefiting the development of next-generation therapeutics., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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39. Facilitating alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction on the hetero-interfaced Ru/RuO 2 through Pt single atoms doping.
- Author
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Zhu Y, Klingenhof M, Gao C, Koketsu T, Weiser G, Pi Y, Liu S, Sui L, Hou J, Li J, Jiang H, Xu L, Huang WH, Pao CW, Yang M, Hu Z, Strasser P, and Ma J
- Abstract
Exploring an active and cost-effective electrocatalyst alternative to carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have remained elusive to date. Here, we report a catalyst based on platinum single atoms (SAs) doped into the hetero-interfaced Ru/RuO
2 support (referred to as Pt-Ru/RuO2 ), which features a low HER overpotential, an excellent stability and a distinctly enhanced cost-based activity compared to commercial Pt/C and Ru/C in 1 M KOH. Advanced physico-chemical characterizations disclose that the sluggish water dissociation is accelerated by RuO2 while Pt SAs and the metallic Ru facilitate the subsequent H* combination. Theoretical calculations correlate with the experimental findings. Furthermore, Pt-Ru/RuO2 only requires 1.90 V to reach 1 A cm-2 and delivers a high price activity in the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer, outperforming the benchmark Pt/C. This research offers a feasible guidance for developing the noble metal-based catalysts with high performance and low cost toward practical H2 production., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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40. Generating active metal/oxide reverse interfaces through coordinated migration of single atoms.
- Author
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Zhang L, Wan S, Du C, Wan Q, Pham H, Zhao J, Ding X, Wei D, Zhao W, Li J, Zheng Y, Xie H, Zhang H, Chen M, Zhang KHL, Wang S, Lin J, Huang J, Lin S, Wang Y, Datye AK, Wang Y, and Xiong H
- Abstract
Identification of active sites in catalytic materials is important and helps establish approaches to the precise design of catalysts for achieving high reactivity. Generally, active sites of conventional heterogeneous catalysts can be single atom, nanoparticle or a metal/oxide interface. Herein, we report that metal/oxide reverse interfaces can also be active sites which are created from the coordinated migration of metal and oxide atoms. As an example, a Pd
1 /CeO2 single-atom catalyst prepared via atom trapping, which is otherwise inactive at 30 °C, is able to completely oxidize formaldehyde after steam treatment. The enhanced reactivity is due to the formation of a Ce2 O3 -Pd nanoparticle domain interface, which is generated by the migration of both Ce and Pd atoms on the atom-trapped Pd1 /CeO2 catalyst during steam treatment. We show that the generation of metal oxide-metal interfaces can be achieved in other heterogeneous catalysts due to the coordinated mobility of metal and oxide atoms, demonstrating the formation of a new active interface when using metal single-atom material as catalyst precursor., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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41. Implanting oxophilic metal in PtRu nanowires for hydrogen oxidation catalysis.
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Huang Z, Hu S, Sun M, Xu Y, Liu S, Ren R, Zhuang L, Chan TS, Hu Z, Ding T, Zhou J, Liu L, Wang M, Huang YC, Tian N, Bu L, Huang B, and Huang X
- Abstract
Bimetallic PtRu are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction in anion exchange membrane fuel cell, where the activity and stability are still unsatisfying. Here, PtRu nanowires were implanted with a series of oxophilic metal atoms (named as i-M-PR), significantly enhancing alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity and stability. With the dual doping of In and Zn atoms, the i-ZnIn-PR/C shows mass activity of 10.2 A mg
Pt+Ru -1 at 50 mV, largely surpassing that of commercial Pt/C (0.27 A mgPt -1 ) and PtRu/C (1.24 A mgPt+Ru -1 ). More importantly, the peak power density and specific power density are as high as 1.84 W cm-2 and 18.4 W mgPt+Ru -1 with a low loading (0.1 mg cm-2 ) anion exchange membrane fuel cell. Advanced experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations collectively suggest that dual doping with In and Zn atoms optimizes the binding strengths of intermediates and promotes CO oxidation, enhancing the HOR performances. This work deepens the understanding of developing novel alloy catalysts, which will attract immediate interest in materials, chemistry, energy and beyond., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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42. Self-assembled hydrated copper coordination compounds as ionic conductors for room temperature solid-state batteries.
- Author
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Zhan X, Li M, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li S, Wang W, Lin J, Nan ZA, Yan J, Sun Z, Liu H, Wang F, Wan J, Liu J, Zhang Q, and Zhang L
- Abstract
As the core component of solid-state batteries, neither current inorganic solid-state electrolytes nor solid polymer electrolytes can simultaneously possess satisfactory ionic conductivity, electrode compatibility and processability. By incorporating efficient Li
+ diffusion channels found in inorganic solid-state electrolytes and polar functional groups present in solid polymer electrolytes, it is conceivable to design inorganic-organic hybrid solid-state electrolytes to achieve true fusion and synergy in performance. Herein, we demonstrate that traditional metal coordination compounds can serve as exceptional Li+ ion conductors at room temperature through rational structural design. Specifically, we synthesize copper maleate hydrate nanoflakes via bottom-up self-assembly featuring highly-ordered 1D channels that are interconnected by Cu2+ /Cu+ nodes and maleic acid ligands, alongside rich COO- groups and structural water within the channels. Benefiting from the combination of ion-hopping and coupling-dissociation mechanisms, Li+ ions can preferably transport through these channels rapidly. Thus, the Li+ -implanted copper maleate hydrate solid-state electrolytes shows remarkable ionic conductivity (1.17 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature), high Li+ transference number (0.77), and a 4.7 V-wide operating window. More impressively, Li+ -implanted copper maleate hydrate solid-state electrolytes are demonstrated to have exceptional compatibility with both cathode and Li anode, enabling long-term stability of more than 800 cycles. This work brings new insight on exploring superior room-temperature ionic conductors based on metal coordination compounds., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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43. Noise learning of instruments for high-contrast, high-resolution and fast hyperspectral microscopy and nanoscopy.
- Author
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He H, Cao M, Gao Y, Zheng P, Yan S, Zhong JH, Wang L, Jin D, and Ren B
- Abstract
The low scattering efficiency of Raman scattering makes it challenging to simultaneously achieve good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high imaging speed, and adequate spatial and spectral resolutions. Here, we report a noise learning (NL) approach that estimates the intrinsic noise distribution of each instrument by statistically learning the noise in the pixel-spatial frequency domain. The estimated noise is then removed from the noisy spectra. This enhances the SNR by ca. 10 folds, and suppresses the mean-square error by almost 150 folds. NL allows us to improve the positioning accuracy and spatial resolution and largely eliminates the impact of thermal drift on tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic nanoimaging. NL is also applicable to enhance SNR in fluorescence and photoluminescence imaging. Our method manages the ground truth spectra and the instrumental noise simultaneously within the training dataset, which bypasses the tedious labelling of huge dataset required in conventional deep learning, potentially shifting deep learning from sample-dependent to instrument-dependent., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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44. A dicarbonate solvent electrolyte for high performance 5 V-Class Lithium-based batteries.
- Author
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Zhang X, Xu P, Duan J, Lin X, Sun J, Shi W, Xu H, Dou W, Zheng Q, Yuan R, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yu S, Chen Z, Zheng M, Gohy JF, Dong Q, and Vlad A
- Abstract
Rechargeable lithium batteries using 5 V positive electrode materials can deliver considerably higher energy density as compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. However, their development remains plagued by the lack of electrolytes with concurrent anodic stability and Li metal compatibility. Here we report a new electrolyte based on dimethyl 2,5-dioxahexanedioate solvent for 5 V-class batteries. Benefiting from the particular chemical structure, weak interaction with lithium cation and resultant peculiar solvation structure, the resulting electrolyte not only enables stable, dendrite-free lithium plating-stripping, but also displays anodic stability up to 5.2 V (vs. Li/Li
+ ), in additive or co-solvent-free formulation, and at low salt concentration of 1 M. Consequently, the Li | |LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 cells using the 1 M LiPF6 in 2,5-dioxahexanedioate based electrolyte retain >97% of the initial capacity after 250 cycles, outperforming the conventional carbonate-based electrolyte formulations, making this, and potentially other dicarbonate solvents promising for future Lithium-based battery practical explorations., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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45. A stabilization rule for metal carbido cluster bearing μ 3 -carbido single-atom-ligand encapsulated in carbon cage.
- Author
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Guan R, Huang J, Xin J, Chen M, Du P, Li Q, Tan YZ, Yang S, and Xie SY
- Abstract
Metal carbido complexes bearing single-carbon-atom ligand such as nitrogenase provide ideal models of adsorbed carbon atoms in heterogeneous catalysis. Trimetallic μ
3 -carbido clusterfullerenes found recently represent the simplest metal carbido complexes with the ligands being only carbon atoms, but only few are crystallographically characterized, and its formation prerequisite is unclear. Herein, we synthesize and isolate three vanadium-based μ3 -CCFs featuring V = C double bonds and high valence state of V (+4), including VSc2 C@Ih (7)-C80 , VSc2 C@D5h (6)-C80 and VSc2 C@D3h (5)-C78 . Based on a systematic theoretical study of all reported μ3 -carbido clusterfullerenes, we further propose a supplemental Octet Rule, i.e., an eight-electron configuration of the μ3 -carbido ligand is needed for stabilization of metal carbido clusters within μ3 -carbido clusterfullerenes. Distinct from the classic Effective Atomic Number rule based on valence electron count of metal proposed in the 1920s, this rule counts the valence electrons of the single-carbon-atom ligand, and offers a general rule governing the stabilities of μ3 -carbido clusterfullerenes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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46. Electroreductive hydroxy fluorosulfonylation of alkenes.
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Feng Q, He T, Qian S, Xu P, Liao S, and Huang S
- Abstract
An electroreductive strategy for radical hydroxyl fluorosulfonylation of alkenes with sulfuryl chlorofluoride and molecular oxygen from air is described. This mild protocol displays excellent functional group compatibility, broad scope, and good scalability, providing convenient access to diverse β-hydroxy sulfonyl fluorides. These β-hydroxy sulfonyl fluoride products can be further converted to valuable aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides, β-keto sulfonyl fluorides, and β-alkenyl sulfonyl fluorides. Further, some of these products showed excellent inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea or Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which could be useful for potent agrochemical discovery. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation is achieved through rapid O
2 interception by the alkyl radical and subsequent reduction of the peroxy radical, which outcompete other side reactions such as chlorine atom transfer, hydrogen atom transfer, and Russell fragmentation., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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47. Confined Cu-OH single sites in SSZ-13 zeolite for the direct oxidation of methane to methanol.
- Author
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Zhang H, Han P, Wu D, Du C, Zhao J, Zhang KHL, Lin J, Wan S, Huang J, Wang S, Xiong H, and Wang Y
- Abstract
The direct oxidation of methane to methanol (MTM) remains a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalysis due to the high dissociation energy of the C-H bond in methane and the high desorption energy of methanol. In this work, we demonstrate a breakthrough in selective MTM by achieving a high methanol space-time yield of 2678 mmol molCu-1 h-1 with 93% selectivity in a continuous methane-steam reaction at 400 °C. The superior performance is attributed to the confinement effect of 6-membered ring (6MR) voids in SSZ-13 zeolite, which host isolated Cu-OH single sites. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the role of Cu-zeolites in continuous methane-steam to methanol conversion and pave the way for further improvement., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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48. Asymmetric formal C-C bond insertion into aldehydes via copper-catalyzed diyne cyclization.
- Author
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Li CT, Qi LJ, Liu LG, Ge C, Lu X, Ye LW, and Zhou B
- Abstract
The formal C-C bond insertion into aldehydes is an attractive methodology for the assembly of homologated carbonyl compounds. However, the homologation of aldehydes has been limited to diazo approach and the enantioselective reaction was rarely developed. Herein, we report an asymmetric formal C-C bond insertion into aldehydes through diyne cyclization strategy. In the presence of Cu(I)/SaBOX catalyst, this method leads to the efficient construction of versatile axially chiral naphthylpyrroles in moderate to excellent yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. This protocol represents a rare example of asymmetric formal C-C bond insertion into aldehydes using non-diazo approach. The combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal the reaction mechanism, origin of regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Notably, the chiral phosphine ligand derived from synthesized axially chiral skeleton was proven to be applicable to asymmetric catalysis., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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49. One-atom-thick hexagonal boron nitride co-catalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reactions.
- Author
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Lu Y, Li B, Xu N, Zhou Z, Xiao Y, Jiang Y, Li T, Hu S, Gong Y, and Cao Y
- Abstract
Developing efficient (co-)catalysts with optimized interfacial mass and charge transport properties is essential for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via electrochemical water splitting. Here we report one-atom-thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as an attractive co-catalyst with enhanced OER efficiency. Various electrocatalytic electrodes are encapsulated with centimeter-sized hBN films which are dense and impermeable so that only the hBN surfaces are directly exposed to reactive species. For example, hBN covered Ni-Fe (oxy)hydroxide anodes show an ultralow Tafel slope of ~30 mV dec
-1 with improved reaction current by about 10 times, reaching ~2000 mA cm-2 (at an overpotential of ~490 mV) for over 150 h. The mass activity of hBN co-catalyst is found exceeding that of commercialized catalysts by up to five orders of magnitude. Using isotope experiments and simulations, we attribute the results to the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates at the insulating co-catalyst, where localized electrons facilitate the deprotonation processes at electrodes. Little impedance to electron transfer is observed from hBN film encapsulation due to its ultimate thickness. Therefore, our work also offers insights into mechanisms of interfacial reactions at the very first atomic layer of electrodes., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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50. Edge-rich molybdenum disulfide tailors carbon-chain growth for selective hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to higher alcohols.
- Author
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Hu J, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Huang R, Zhang M, Cheng K, Zhang Q, Qi Y, Li Y, Mao J, Zhu J, Wu L, Wen W, Yu S, Pan Y, Yang J, Wei X, Jiang L, Si R, Yu L, Wang Y, and Deng D
- Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (CO) to higher alcohols (C
2+ OH) is a promising non-petroleum route for producing high-value chemicals, in which precise regulations of both C-O cleavage and C-C coupling are highly essential but remain great challenges. Herein, we report that highly selective CO hydrogenation to C2-4 OH is achieved over a potassium-modified edge-rich molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) catalyst, which delivers a high CO conversion of 17% with a superior C2-4 OH selectivity of 45.2% in hydrogenated products at 240 °C and 50 bar, outperforming previously reported non-noble metal-based catalysts under similar conditions. By regulating the relative abundance of edge to basal plane, C2-4 OH to methanol selectivity ratio can be overturned from 0.4 to 2.2. Mechanistic studies reveal that sulfur vacancies at MoS2 edges boost carbon-chain growth by facilitating not only C-O cleavage but also C-C coupling, while potassium promotes the desorption of alcohols via electrostatic interaction with hydroxyls, thereby enabling preferential formation of C2-4 OH., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
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