3 results on '"Silva, Luís P."'
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2. Current European flood-rich period exceptional compared with past 500 years
- Author
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Blöschl, Günter, Kiss, Andrea, Viglione, Alberto, Barriendos, Mariano, Böhm, Oliver, Brázdil, Rudolf, Coeur, Denis, Demarée, Gaston, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Macdonald, Neil, Retsö, Dag, Roald, Lars, Schmocker-Fackel, Petra, Amorim, Inês, Bělínová, Monika, Benito, Gerardo, Bertolin, Chiara, Camuffo, Dario, Cornel, Daniel, Doktor, Radosław, Elleder, Líbor, Enzi, Silvia, Garcia, João Carlos, Glaser, Rüdiger, Hall, Julia, Haslinger, Klaus, Hofstätter, Michael, Komma, Jürgen, Limanówka, Danuta, Lun, David, Panin, Andrei, Parajka, Juraj, Petrić, Hrvoje, Rodrigo, Fernando S., Rohr, Christian, Schönbein, Johannes, Schulte, Lothar, Silva, Luís Pedro, Toonen, Willem H. J., Valent, Peter, Waser, Jürgen, and Wetter, Oliver
- Abstract
There are concerns that recent climate change is altering the frequency and magnitude of river floods in an unprecedented way1. Historical studies have identified flood-rich periods in the past half millennium in various regions of Europe2. However, because of the low temporal resolution of existing datasets and the relatively low number of series, it has remained unclear whether Europe is currently in a flood-rich period from a long-term perspective. Here we analyse how recent decades compare with the flood history of Europe, using a new database composed of more than 100 high-resolution (sub-annual) historical flood series based on documentary evidence covering all major regions of Europe. We show that the past three decades were among the most flood-rich periods in Europe in the past 500 years, and that this period differs from other flood-rich periods in terms of its extent, air temperatures and flood seasonality. We identified nine flood-rich periods and associated regions. Among the periods richest in floods are 1560–1580 (western and central Europe), 1760–1800 (most of Europe), 1840–1870 (western and southern Europe) and 1990–2016 (western and central Europe). In most parts of Europe, previous flood-rich periods occurred during cooler-than-usual phases, but the current flood-rich period has been much warmer. Flood seasonality is also more pronounced in the recent period. For example, during previous flood and interflood periods, 41 per cent and 42 per cent of central European floods occurred in summer, respectively, compared with 55 per cent of floods in the recent period. The exceptional nature of the present-day flood-rich period calls for process-based tools for flood-risk assessment that capture the physical mechanisms involved, and management strategies that can incorporate the recent changes in risk.
- Published
- 2020
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3. Limited potential for bird migration to disperse plants to cooler latitudes
- Author
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Juan Carlos Illera, Tamara Burgos, Jörg Albrecht, Anna Traveset, Benno I. Simmons, Rubén H. Heleno, Gema Escribano-Ávila, Rafael S. Bueno, Nina Farwig, Juan Arroyo, Przemysław Kurek, Luís Pinto da Silva, William J. Sutherland, Daniel García, Beatriz Rumeu, Juan P. González-Varo, Pedro Jordano, Emilio Virgós, European Commission, Principado de Asturias, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Arcadia Fund, González-Varo, Juan P., Rumeu, Beatriz, Albrecht, Jörg, Arroyo, Juan M., Bueno, Rafael, Burgos, Tamara, da Silva, Luís P., Escribano-Ávila, Gema, Farwig, Nina, García, Daniel, Heleno, Ruben H., Illera, Juan C., Jordano, Pedro, Kurek, Przemysław, Simmons, Benno I., Virgós, Emilio, Sutherland, William J., Traveset, Anna, González-Varo, Juan P [0000-0003-1439-6475], Albrecht, Jörg [0000-0002-9708-9413], Bueno, Rafael S [0000-0001-8964-8572], da Silva, Luís P [0000-0003-2358-1277], Jordano, Pedro [0000-0003-2142-9116], Simmons, Benno I [0000-0002-2751-9430], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia ,0106 biological sciences ,migratory birds ,Settore AGR/05 - Assestamento Forestale E Selvicoltura ,Acclimatization ,Seed dispersal ,Bird migration ,Climate change ,Biology ,Global Warming ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,Seed Dispersal ,Mediterranean Sea ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Community ,Phenology ,Ecology ,food and beverages ,Plant community ,Plants ,Cold Temperature ,Europe ,Flight, Animal ,Biological dispersal ,Animal Migration - Abstract
Climate change is forcing the redistribution of life on Earth at an unprecedented velocity1,2. Migratory birds are thought to help plants to track climate change through long-distance seed dispersal3,4. However, seeds may be consistently dispersed towards cooler or warmer latitudes depending on whether the fruiting period of a plant species coincides with northward or southward migrations. Here we assess the potential of plant communities to keep pace with climate change through long-distance seed dispersal by migratory birds. To do so, we combine phenological and migration information with data on 949 seed-dispersal interactions between 46 bird and 81 plant species from 13 woodland communities across Europe. Most of the plant species (86%) in these communities are dispersed by birds migrating south, whereas only 35% are dispersed by birds migrating north; the latter subset is phylogenetically clustered in lineages that have fruiting periods that overlap with the spring migration. Moreover, the majority of this critical dispersal service northwards is provided by only a few Palaearctic migrant species. The potential of migratory birds to assist a small, non-random sample of plants to track climate change latitudinally is expected to strongly influence the formation of novel plant communities, and thus affect their ecosystem functions and community assembly at higher trophic levels., The ‘Molecular Ecology Laboratory’ (LEM–EBD–CSIC; ISO9001:2015 and ISO14001:2015 certifications) and the ‘Research Unit of Biodiversity’ (UO–CSIC–PA) provided logistical support for molecular analyses. We thank L. Viesca and E. Cires for laboratory assistance, and J. M. Varela for the bird illustrations. Barcoding data were obtained within an Individual Fellowship from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014-656572: MobileLinks) and supported by a GRUPIN grant from the Regional Government of Asturias (IDI/2018/000151). ‘King Jaume I’ awarded to A.T. supported data collation during two postdoctoral contracts. J.P.G.-V. is supported by a Spanish ‘Ramón y Cajal’ fellowship (RYC-2017-22095) and a grant from the Spanish MICINN (PID2019-104922GA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). B.R. is supported by a Spanish ‘Juan de la Cierva Incorporación’ fellowship (IJCI-2017-33475). R.H.H. is funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/BIA/04004/2020). B.I.S. is supported by a Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Research Fellowship. W.J.S. is funded by Arcadia.
- Published
- 2021
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