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Two of Japan's government agencies are set to be merged in an attempt to raise the country's scientific standards. But unless a ‘bottom-up’ approach to science is adopted, the culture of basic research may be damaged.

THE purpose of this article is to present a preliminary report on a new cosmic X-ray source. The source was observed near Sco X-1 during recent rocket flights to observe Sco X-1 simultaneously with ground-based optical telescopes. It is very likely that we observed the source reported to have appeared between July 6 and July 9 by Conner et al. in an IAU telegram issued on July 30, 1969.

Angular diameters of X-ray source regions in Scorpio and Sagittarius constellations by rocket measurement with collimator

THE discovery of galactic X-rays by Giacconi et al.1, confirmed by Friedman et al.2, which was quite unexpected from our present understanding of physical processes in astronomical objects, has induced a variety of theoretical investigations3. Among various mechanisms so far proposed to explain the X-ray sources, the neutron-star hypothesis suggested by several authors4 seems to present a reasonable combination of the radiative power, the distance, the life and the frequency of occurrence of the X-ray sources although the existence of neutron stars is still open to question.