Search

Your search keyword '"Magee, A."' showing total 213 results
Start Over Author "Magee, A." Journal nature
213 results on '"Magee, A."'

1. Diverse Organic-Mineral Associations in Jezero Crater, Mars

Author

Sunanda Sharma, Ryan D. Roppel, Ashley E. Murphy, Luther W. Beegle, Rohit Bhartia, Andrew Steele, Joseph Razzell Hollis, Sandra Siljeström, Francis M. McCubbin, Sanford A. Asher, William J. Abbey, Abigail C. Allwood, Eve L. Berger, Benjamin L. Bleefeld, Aaron S. Burton, Sergei V. Bykov, Emily L. Cardarelli, Pamela G. Conrad, Andrea Corpolongo, Andrew D. Czaja, Lauren P. DeFlores, Kenneth Edgett, Kenneth A. Farley, Teresa Fornaro, Allison C. Fox, Marc D. Fries, David Harker, Keyron Hickman-Lewis, Joshua Huggett, Samara Imbeah, Ryan S. Jakubek, Linda C. Kah, Carina Lee, Yang Liu, Angela Magee, Michelle Minitti, Kelsey R. Moore, Alyssa Pascuzzo, Carolina Rodriguez Sanchez-Vahamonde, Eva L. Scheller, Svetlana Shkolyar, Kathryn M. Stack, Kim Steadman, Michael Tuite, Kyle Uckert, Alyssa Werynski, Roger C. Wiens, Amy J. Williams, Katherine Winchell, Megan R. Kennedy, and Anastasia Yanchilina

Subjects
Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration, Geosciences (General)
Abstract

The presence and distribution of preserved organic matter on the surface of Mars can provide key information about the Martian carbon cycle and the potential of the planet to host life throughout its history. Several types of organic molecules have been previously detected in Martian meteorites1 and at Gale crater, Mars. Evaluating the diversity and detectability of organic matter elsewhere on Mars is important for understanding the extent and diversity of Martian surface processes and the potential availability of carbon sources1,5,6. Here we report the detection of Raman and fluorescence spectra consistent with several species of aromatic organic molecules in the Máaz and Séítah formations within the Crater Floor sequences of Jezero crater, Mars. We report specific fluorescence-mineral associations consistent with many classes of organic molecules occurring in different spatial patterns within these compositionally distinct formations, potentially indicating different fates of carbon across environments. Our findings suggest there may be a diversity of aromatic molecules prevalent on the Martian surface, and these materials persist despite exposure to surface conditions. These potential organic molecules are largely found within minerals linked to aqueous processes, indicating that these processes may have had a key role in organic synthesis, transport or preservation.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Accelerated formation of ultra-massive galaxies in the first billion years

Author

Xiao, Mengyuan, Oesch, Pascal A., Elbaz, David, Bing, Longji, Nelson, Erica J., Weibel, Andrea, Illingworth, Garth D., van Dokkum, Pieter, Naidu, Rohan P., Daddi, Emanuele, Bouwens, Rychard J., Matthee, Jorryt, Wuyts, Stijn, Chisholm, John, Brammer, Gabriel, Dickinson, Mark, Magnelli, Benjamin, Leroy, Lucas, Schaerer, Daniel, Herard-Demanche, Thomas, Lim, Seunghwan, Barrufet, Laia, Endsley, Ryan, Fudamoto, Yoshinobu, Gómez-Guijarro, Carlos, Gottumukkala, Rashmi, Labbé, Ivo, Magee, Dan, Marchesini, Danilo, Maseda, Michael, Qin, Yuxiang, Reddy, Naveen A., Shapley, Alice, Shivaei, Irene, Shuntov, Marko, Stefanon, Mauro, Whitaker, Katherine E., and Wyithe, J. Stuart B.

Abstract

Recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have revealed an unexpected abundance of massive-galaxy candidates in the early Universe, extending further in redshift and to lower luminosity than what had previously been found by submillimetre surveys1–6. These JWST candidates have been interpreted as challenging the Λcold dark-matter cosmology (where Λis the cosmological constant)7–9, but, so far, these studies have mostly relied on only rest-frame ultraviolet data and have lacked spectroscopic confirmation of their redshifts10–16. Here we report a systematic study of 36 massive dust-obscured galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts between 5 and 9 from the JWST FRESCO survey. We find no tension with the Λcold dark-matter model in our sample. However, three ultra-massive galaxies (logM★/M⊙≳ 11.0, where M★is the stellar mass and M⊙is the mass of the Sun) require an exceptional fraction of 50 per cent of baryons converted into stars—two to three times higher than the most efficient galaxies at later epochs. The contribution from an active galactic nucleus is unlikely because of their extended emission. Ultra-massive galaxies account for as much as 17 per cent of the total cosmic star-formation-rate density17at redshifts between about five and six.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Parallel ascending spinal pathways for affective touch and pain

Author

Choi, Seungwon, Hachisuka, Junichi, Brett, Matthew A., Magee, Alexandra R., Omori, Yu, Iqbal, Noor-ul-Aine, and Zhang, Dawei

Subjects
Spinal cord -- Physiological aspects, Touch -- Analysis, Afferent pathways -- Analysis, Pain -- Diagnosis, Sensory receptors -- Analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The anterolateral pathway consists of ascending spinal tracts that convey pain, temperature and touch information from the spinal cord to the brain.sup.1-4. Projection neurons of the anterolateral pathway are attractive therapeutic targets for pain treatment because nociceptive signals emanating from the periphery are channelled through these spinal projection neurons en route to the brain. However, the organizational logic of the anterolateral pathway remains poorly understood. Here we show that two populations of projection neurons that express the structurally related G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) TACR1 and GPR83 form parallel ascending circuit modules that cooperate to convey thermal, tactile and noxious cutaneous signals from the spinal cord to the lateral parabrachial nucleus of the pons. Within this nucleus, axons of spinoparabrachial (SPB) neurons that express Tacr1 or Gpr83 innervate distinct sets of subnuclei, and strong optogenetic stimulation of the axon terminals induces distinct escape behaviours and autonomic responses. Moreover, SPB neurons that express Gpr83 are highly sensitive to cutaneous mechanical stimuli and receive strong synaptic inputs from both high- and low-threshold primary mechanosensory neurons. Notably, the valence associated with activation of SPB neurons that express Gpr83 can be either positive or negative, depending on stimulus intensity. These findings reveal anatomically, physiologically and functionally distinct subdivisions of the SPB tract that underlie affective aspects of touch and pain. Two populations of neurons with distinct anatomy and receptor expression that convey information from the spinal cord to the brain have different functional properties with respect to touch and pain., Author(s): Seungwon Choi [sup.1] , Junichi Hachisuka [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.6] , Matthew A. Brett [sup.1] , Alexandra R. Magee [sup.1] , Yu Omori [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.7] , Noor-ul-Aine Iqbal [sup.1] [...]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a ‘phagocytic synapse’

Author

Goodridge, Helen S, Reyes, Christopher N, Becker, Courtney A, Katsumoto, Tamiko R, Ma, Jun, Wolf, Andrea J, Bose, Nandita, Chan, Anissa SH, Magee, Andrew S, Danielson, Michael E, Weiss, Arthur, Vasilakos, John P, and Underhill, David M

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory and immune system, Animals, Cell Wall, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Immunological Synapses, Lectins, C-Type, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Macrophages, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Models, Immunological, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Phagocytosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Signal Transduction, Solubility, beta-Glucans, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Innate immune cells must be able to distinguish between direct binding to microbes and detection of components shed from the surface of microbes located at a distance. Dectin-1 (also known as CLEC7A) is a pattern-recognition receptor expressed by myeloid phagocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils) that detects β-glucans in fungal cell walls and triggers direct cellular antimicrobial activity, including phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast to inflammatory responses stimulated upon detection of soluble ligands by other pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), these responses are only useful when a cell comes into direct contact with a microbe and must not be spuriously activated by soluble stimuli. In this study we show that, despite its ability to bind both soluble and particulate β-glucan polymers, Dectin-1 signalling is only activated by particulate β-glucans, which cluster the receptor in synapse-like structures from which regulatory tyrosine phosphatases CD45 and CD148 (also known as PTPRC and PTPRJ, respectively) are excluded (Supplementary Fig. 1). The 'phagocytic synapse' now provides a model mechanism by which innate immune receptors can distinguish direct microbial contact from detection of microbes at a distance, thereby initiating direct cellular antimicrobial responses only when they are required.

Published
2011

5. A massive quiescent galaxy at redshift 4.658

Author

Carnall, Adam C., primary, McLure, Ross J., additional, Dunlop, James S., additional, McLeod, Derek J., additional, Wild, Vivienne, additional, Cullen, Fergus, additional, Magee, Dan, additional, Begley, Ryan, additional, Cimatti, Andrea, additional, Donnan, Callum T., additional, Hamadouche, Massissilia L., additional, Jewell, Sophie M., additional, and Walker, Sam, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The afterglow, redshift and extreme energetics of the γ-ray burst of 23 January 1999

Author

Kulkarni, SR, Djorgovski, SG, Odewahn, SC, Bloom, JS, Gal, RR, Koresko, CD, Harrison, FA, Lubin, LM, Armus, L, Sari, R, Illingworth, GD, Kelson, DD, Magee, DK, Dokkum, PG van, Frail, DA, Mulchaey, JS, Malkan, MA, McClean, IS, Teplitz, HI, Koerner, D, Kirkpatrick, D, Kobayashi, N, Yadigaroglu, I-A, Halpern, J, Piran, T, Goodrich, RW, Chaffee, FH, Feroci, M, and Costa, E

Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy, astro-ph, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Long-lived emission, known as afterglow, has now been detected from about a dozen γ-ray bursts. Distance determinations place the bursts at cosmological distances, with redshifts, z, ranging from ~1 to 3. The energy required to produce these bright γ-ray flashes is enormous: up to ~1053 erg, or 10 per cent of the rest-mass energy of a neutron star, if the emission is isotropic. Here we present optical and near-infrared observations of the afterglow of GRB990123, and we determine a redshift of z ≥ 1.6. This is to date the brightest γ-ray burst with a well-localized position and if the γ-rays were emitted isotropically, the energy release exceeds the rest- mass energy of a neutron star, so challenging current theoretical models of the sources. We argue, however, that our data may provide evidence of beamed (rather than isotropic) radiation, thereby reducing the total energy released to a level where stellar-death models are still tenable.

Published
1999

7. A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

Author

Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bcsy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Caldern, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canizares, P., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Capocasa, E., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Caudill, S., Cavagli, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cepeda, C. B., Cerd-Durn, P., Cerretani, G., Cesarini, E., Chamberlin, S. J., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chatziioannou, K., Cheeseboro, B. D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H.-P., Chia, H., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Chmiel, T., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Chow, J. H., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, A. J. K., Chua, S., Chung, A. K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciolfi, R., Cirelli, C. E., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Cleva, F., Cocchieri, C., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P.-F., Cohen, D., Colla, A., Collette, C. G., Cominsky, L. R., Constancio, M., Jr., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrin, I., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J.-P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Cowan, E. E., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Crowder, S. G., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dal Canton, T., Dlya, G., Danilishin, S. L., DAntonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dasgupta, A., Da Silva Costa, C. F., Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Day, B., De, S., DeBra, D., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Delglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Demos, N., Denker, T., Dent, T., De Pietri, R., Dergachev, V., De Rosa, R., DeRosa, R. T., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., de Varona, O., Devenson, J., Dhurandhar, S., Daz, M. C., Di Fiore, L., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Doctor, Z., Dolique, V., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Douglas, R., Dovale lvarez, M., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Dreissigacker, C., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dupej, P., Dwyer, S. E., Edo, T. B., Edwards, M. C., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H.-B., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenstein, R. A., Essick, R. C., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z. B., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fee, C., Fehrmann, H., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, E. C., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finstad, D., Fiori, I., Fiorucci, D., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fitz-Axen, M., Flaminio, R., Fletcher, M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Forsyth, P. W. F., Forsyth, S. S., Fournier, J.-D., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Frey, V., Fries, E. M., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gammaitoni, L., Ganija, M. R., Gaonkar, S. G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gaur, G., Gayathri, V., Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Genin, E., Gennai, A., George, D., George, J., Gergely, L., Germain, V., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup, Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, K., Glover, L., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gomes, S., Goncharov, B., Gonzlez, G., Castro, J. M. Gonzalez, Gopakumar, A., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S. E., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grado, A., Graef, C., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Gretarsson, E. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guidi, G. M., Guo, X., Gupta, A., Gupta, M. K., Gushwa, K. E., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Halim, O., Hall, B. R., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanke, M. M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanson, J., Hardwick, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, M. J., Haster, C.-J., Haughian, K., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hinderer, T., Hoak, D., Hofman, D., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Horst, C., Hough, J., Houston, E. A., Howell, E. J., Hreibi, A., Hu, Y. M., Huerta, E. A., Huet, D., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh-Dinh, T., Indik, N., Inta, R., Intini, G., Isa, H. N., Isac, J.-M., Isi, M., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacqmin, T., Jani, K., Jaranowski, P., Jawahar, S., Jimnez-Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Karki, S., Karvinen, K. S., Kasprzack, M., Katolik, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Kflian, F., Keitel, D., Kemball, A. J., Kennedy, R., Kent, C., Key, J. S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z., Khazanov, E. A., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y.-M., Kimbrell, S. J., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Krmer, C., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Krlak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwang, S., Lackey, B. D., Lai, K. H., Landry, M., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Lenon, A., Leonardi, M., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Li, T. G. F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Liu, X., Lo, R. K. L., Lockerbie, N. A., London, L. T., Lord, J. E., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lck, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macas, R., Macfoy, S., Machenschalk, B., MacInnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Hernandez, I. Magaa, Magaa-Sandoval, F., Zertuche, L. Magaa, Magee, R. M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Mrka, S., Mrka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Martelli, F., Martellini, L., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martynov, D. V., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D. E., McCormick, S., McCuller, L., McGuire, S. C., McIntyre, G., McIver, J., McManus, D. J., McNeill, L., McRae, T., McWilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meidam, J., Mejuto-Villa, E., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Merilh, E. L., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Miao, H., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Miller, B. B., Miller, J., Millhouse, M., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Ming, J., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moffa, D., Moggi, A., Mogushi, K., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morriss, S. R., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mueller, G., Muir, A. W., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muiz, E. A., Muratore, M., Murray, P. G., Napier, K., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Nevin, L., Newport, J. M., Newton, G., Ng, K. K. Y., Nguyen, T. T., Nichols, D., Nielsen, A. B., Nissanke, S., Nitz, A., Noack, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., ODea, G. D., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., OReilly, B., Ormiston, R., Ortega, L. F., OShaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Page, J., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pal-Singh, A., Pan, Howard, Pan, Huang-Wei, Pang, B., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Papa, M. A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patil, M., Patricelli, B., Pearlstone, B. L., Pedraza, M., Pedurand, R., Pekowsky, L., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perez, C. J., Perreca, A., Perri, L. M., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Poe, M., Poggiani, R., Popolizio, P., Porter, E. K., Post, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Pratt, J. W. W., Pratten, G., Predoi, V., Prestegard, T., Prijatelj, M., Principe, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L. G., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Prrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E. A., Quitzow-James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Ren, W., Reyes, S. D., Ricci, F., Ricker, P. M., Rieger, S., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robie, R., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romano, J. D., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romie, J. H., Rosiska, D., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sadeghian, L., Sakellariadou, M., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Salemi, F., Samajdar, A., Sammut, L., Sampson, L. M., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sandberg, V., Sanders, J. R., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawadsky, A., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schnbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwalbe, S. G., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T. J., Shah, A. A., Shahriar, M. S., Shaner, M. B., Shao, L., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Sheperd, A., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silva, A. D., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Smith, B., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Sonnenberg, J. A., Sorazu, B., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Spencer, A. P., Srivastava, A. K., Staats, K., Staley, A., Steer, D., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stevenson, S. P., Stone, R., Stops, D. J., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strigin, S. E., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepaczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tpai, M., Taracchini, A., Tasson, J. D., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, R., Tewari, S. V., Theeg, T., Thies, F., Thomas, E. G., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forn, A., Torrie, C. I., Tyr, D., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trinastic, J., Tringali, M. C., Trozzo, L., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tuyenbayev, D., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Vetrano, F., Vicer, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J.-Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L.-W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wen, L., Wessel, E. K., Weels, P., Westerweck, J., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D., Williams, D., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M. H., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J., Wong, K. W. K., Worden, J., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, S., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, L., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yvert, M., Zadrony, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J.-P., Zevin, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y.-H., Zhao, C., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, S. J., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Foley, R. J., Coulter, D. A., Drout, M. R., Kasen, D., Kilpatrick, C. D., Madore, B. F., Murguia-Berthier, A., Pan, Y.-C., Piro, A. L., Prochaska, J. X., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Rest, A., Rojas-Bravo, C., Shappee, B. J., Siebert, M. R., Simon, J. D., Ulloa, N., Annis, J., Soares-Santos, M., Brout, D., Scolnic, D., Diehl, H. T., Frieman, J., Berger, E., Alexander, K. D., Allam, S., Balbinot, E., Blanchard, P., Butler, R. E., Chornock, R., Cook, E. R., Cowperthwaite, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Durret, F., Eftekhari, T., Finley, D. A., Fong, W., Fryer, C. L., Garca-Bellido, J., Gill, M. S. S., Gruendl, R. A., Hartley, W., Herner, K., Huterer, D., Kessler, R., Li, T. S., Lin, H., Lopes, P. A. A., Loureno, A. C. C., Margutti, R., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Matheson, T., Medina, G. E., Metzger, B. D., Muoz, R. R., Muir, J., Nicholl, M., Nugent, P., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchn, F., Quataert, E., Sako, M., Sauseda, M., Schlegel, D. J., Secco, L. F., Smith, N., Sobreira, F., Stebbins, A., Villar, V. A., Vivas, A. K., Wester, W., Williams, P. K. G., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Bechtol, K., Benoit-Lvy, A., Bertin, E., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., DAndrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., DePoy, D. L., Desai, S., Dietrich, J. P., Estrada, J., Fernandez, E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Goldstein, D. A., Gruen, D., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Honscheid, K., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Neilsen, E., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Zhang, Y., Haislip, J. B., Kouprianov, V. V., Reichart, D. E., Tartaglia, L., Sand, D. J., Valenti, S., Yang, S., Arcavi, Iair, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Poznanski, Dovi, Vasylyev, Sergiy, Tanvir, N. R., Levan, A. J., Hjorth, J., Cano, Z., Copperwheat, C., de Ugarte-Postigo, A., Evans, P. A., Fynbo, J. P. U., Gonzlez-Fernndez, C., Greiner, J., Irwin, M., Lyman, J., Mandel, I., McMahon, R., Milvang-Jensen, B., OBrien, P., Osborne, J. P., Perley, D. A., Pian, E., Palazzi, E., Rol, E., Rosetti, S., Rosswog, S., Rowlinson, A., Schulze, S., Steeghs, D. T. H., Thne, C. C., Ulaczyk, K., Watson, D., Wiersema, K., Lipunov, V. M., Gorbovskoy, E., Kornilov, V. G., Tyurina, N., Balanutsa, P., Vlasenko, D., Gorbunov, I., Podesta, R., Levato, H., Saffe, C., Buckley, D. A. H., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O., Yurkov, V., Rebolo, R., and Serra-Ricart, M.

Subjects
Gravitational waves -- Measurement, Hubble constant -- Measurement, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration; B. P. Abbott [1]; R. Abbott [1]; T. D. Abbott [2]; F. Acernese [3, 4]; K. Ackley [5, 6]; C. Adams [...]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source

Author

Smartt, S. J., Chen, T.-W., Jerkstrand, A., Coughlin, M., Kankare, E., Sim, S. A., Fraser, M., Inserra, C., Maguire, K., Chambers, K. C., Huber, M. E., Krhler, T., Leloudas, G., Magee, M., Shingles, L. J., Smith, K. W., Young, D. R., Tonry, J., Kotak, R., Gal-Yam, A., Lyman, J. D., Homan, D. S., Agliozzo, C., Anderson, J. P., Angus, C. R., Ashall, C., Barbarino, C., Bauer, F. E., Berton, M., Botticella, M. T., Bulla, M., Bulger, J., Cannizzaro, G., Cano, Z., Cartier, R., Cikota, A., Clark, P., De Cia, A., Della Valle, M., Denneau, L., Dennefeld, M., Dessart, L., Dimitriadis, G., Elias-Rosa, N., Firth, R. E., Flewelling, H., Flrs, A., Franckowiak, A., Frohmaier, C., Galbany, L., Gonzlez-Gaitn, S., Greiner, J., Gromadzki, M., Guelbenzu, A. Nicuesa, Gutirrez, C. P., Hamanowicz, A., Hanlon, L., Harmanen, J., Heintz, K. E., Heinze, A., Hernandez, M.-S., Hodgkin, S. T., Hook, I. M., Izzo, L., James, P. A., Jonker, P. G., Kerzendorf, W. E., Klose, S., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kowalski, M., Kromer, M., Kuncarayakti, H., Lawrence, A., Lowe, T. B., Magnier, E. A., Manulis, I., Martin-Carrillo, A., Mattila, S., McBrien, O., Mller, A., Nordin, J., ONeill, D., Onori, F., Palmerio, J. T., Pastorello, A., Patat, F., Pignata, G., Podsiadlowski, Ph., Pumo, M. L., Prentice, S. J., Rau, A., Razza, A., Rest, A., Reynolds, T., Roy, R., Ruiter, A. J., Rybicki, K. A., Salmon, L., Schady, P., Schultz, A. S. B., Schweyer, T., Seitenzahl, I. R., Smith, M., Sollerman, J., Stalder, B., Stubbs, C. W., Sullivan, M., Szegedi, H., Taddia, F., Taubenberger, S., Terreran, G., van Soelen, B., Vos, J., Wainscoat, R. J., Walton, N. A., Waters, C., Weiland, H., Willman, M., Wiseman, P., Wright, D. E., Wyrzykowski, ., and Yaron, O.

Subjects
Gravitational waves -- Observations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): S. J. Smartt (corresponding author) [1]; T.-W. Chen [2]; A. Jerkstrand [3]; M. Coughlin [4]; E. Kankare [1]; S. A. Sim [1]; M. Fraser [5]; C. Inserra [6]; K. [...]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders

Author

McRae, Jeremy F., Clayton, Stephen, Fitzgerald, Tomas W., Kaplanis, Joanna, Prigmore, Elena, Rajan, Diana, Sifrim, Alejandro, Aitken, Stuart, Akawi, Nadia, Alvi, Mohsan, Ambridge, Kirsty, Barrett, Daniel M., Bayzetinova, Tanya, Jones, Philip, Jones, Wendy D., King, Daniel, Krishnappa, Netravathi, Mason, Laura E., Singh, Tarjinder, Tivey, Adrian R., Ahmed, Munaza, Anjum, Uruj, Archer, Hayley, Armstrong, Ruth, Awada, Jana, Balasubramanian, Meena, Banka, Siddharth, Baralle, Diana, Barnicoat, Angela, Batstone, Paul, Baty, David, Bennett, Chris, Berg, Jonathan, Bernhard, Birgitta, Bevan, Paul A., Bitner-Glindzicz, Maria, Blair, Edward, Blyth, Moira, Bohanna, David, Bourdon, Louise, Bourn, David, Bradley, Lisa, Brady, Angela, Brent, Simon, Brewer, Carole, Brunstrom, Kate, Bunyan, David J., Burn, John, Canham, Natalie, Castle, Bruce, Chandler, Kate, Chatzimichali, Elena, Cilliers, Deirdre, Clarke, Angus, Clasper, Susan, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Clowes, Virginia, Coates, Andrea, Cole, Trevor, Colgiu, Irina, Collins, Amanda, Collinson, Morag N., Connell, Fiona, Cooper, Nicola, Cox, Helen, Cresswell, Lara, Cross, Gareth, Crow, Yanick, D’Alessandro, Mariella, Dabir, Tabib, Davidson, Rosemarie, Davies, Sally, de Vries, Dylan, Dean, John, Deshpande, Charu, Devlin, Gemma, Dixit, Abhijit, Dobbie, Angus, Donaldson, Alan, Donnai, Dian, Donnelly, Deirdre, Donnelly, Carina, Douglas, Angela, Douzgou, Sofia, Duncan, Alexis, Eason, Jacqueline, Ellard, Sian, Ellis, Ian, Elmslie, Frances, Evans, Karenza, Everest, Sarah, Fendick, Tina, Fisher, Richard, Flinter, Frances, Foulds, Nicola, Fry, Andrew, Fryer, Alan, Gardiner, Carol, Gaunt, Lorraine, Ghali, Neeti, Gibbons, Richard, Gill, Harinder, Goodship, Judith, Goudie, David, Gray, Emma, Green, Andrew, Greene, Philip, Greenhalgh, Lynn, Gribble, Susan, Harrison, Rachel, Harrison, Lucy, Harrison, Victoria, Hawkins, Rose, He, Liu, Hellens, Stephen, Henderson, Alex, Hewitt, Sarah, Hildyard, Lucy, Hobson, Emma, Holden, Simon, Holder, Muriel, Holder, Susan, Hollingsworth, Georgina, Homfray, Tessa, Humphreys, Mervyn, Hurst, Jane, Hutton, Ben, Ingram, Stuart, Irving, Melita, Islam, Lily, Jackson, Andrew, Jarvis, Joanna, Jenkins, Lucy, Johnson, Diana, Jones, Elizabeth, Josifova, Dragana, Joss, Shelagh, Kaemba, Beckie, Kazembe, Sandra, Kelsell, Rosemary, Kerr, Bronwyn, Kingston, Helen, Kini, Usha, Kinning, Esther, Kirby, Gail, Kirk, Claire, Kivuva, Emma, Kraus, Alison, Kumar, Dhavendra, Ajith Kumar, V. K., Lachlan, Katherine, Lam, Wayne, Lampe, Anne, Langman, Caroline, Lees, Melissa, Lim, Derek, Longman, Cheryl, Lowther, Gordon, Lynch, Sally A., Magee, Alex, Maher, Eddy, Male, Alison, Mansour, Sahar, Marks, Karen, Martin, Katherine, Maye, Una, McCann, Emma, McConnell, Vivienne, McEntagart, Meriel, McGowan, Ruth, McKay, Kirsten, McKee, Shane, McMullan, Dominic J., McNerlan, Susan, McWilliam, Catherine, Mehta, Sarju, Metcalfe, Kay, Middleton, Anna, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Miles, Emma, Mohammed, Shehla, Montgomery, Tara, Moore, David, Morgan, Sian, Morton, Jenny, Mugalaasi, Hood, Murday, Victoria, Murphy, Helen, Naik, Swati, Nemeth, Andrea, Nevitt, Louise, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Norman, Andrew, O’Shea, Rosie, Ogilvie, Caroline, Ong, Kai-Ren, Park, Soo-Mi, Parker, Michael J., Patel, Chirag, Paterson, Joan, Payne, Stewart, Perrett, Daniel, Phipps, Julie, Pilz, Daniela T., Pollard, Martin, Pottinger, Caroline, Poulton, Joanna, Pratt, Norman, Prescott, Katrina, Price, Sue, Pridham, Abigail, Procter, Annie, Purnell, Hellen, Quarrell, Oliver, Ragge, Nicola, Rahbari, Raheleh, Randall, Josh, Rankin, Julia, Raymond, Lucy, Rice, Debbie, Robert, Leema, Roberts, Eileen, Roberts, Jonathan, Roberts, Paul, Roberts, Gillian, Ross, Alison, Rosser, Elisabeth, Saggar, Anand, Samant, Shalaka, Sampson, Julian, Sandford, Richard, Sarkar, Ajoy, Schweiger, Susann, Scott, Richard, Scurr, Ingrid, Selby, Ann, Seller, Anneke, Sequeira, Cheryl, Shannon, Nora, Sharif, Saba, Shaw-Smith, Charles, Shearing, Emma, Shears, Debbie, Sheridan, Eamonn, Simonic, Ingrid, Singzon, Roldan, Skitt, Zara, Smith, Audrey, Smith, Kath, Smithson, Sarah, Sneddon, Linda, Splitt, Miranda, Squires, Miranda, Stewart, Fiona, Stewart, Helen, Straub, Volker, Suri, Mohnish, Sutton, Vivienne, Swaminathan, Ganesh Jawahar, Sweeney, Elizabeth, Tatton-Brown, Kate, Taylor, Cat, Taylor, Rohan, Tein, Mark, Temple, Karen I., Thomson, Jenny, Tischkowitz, Marc, Tomkins, Susan, Torokwa, Audrey, Treacy, Becky, Turner, Claire, Turnpenny, Peter, Tysoe, Carolyn, Vandersteen, Anthony, Varghese, Vinod, Vasudevan, Pradeep, Vijayarangakannan, Parthiban, Vogt, Julie, Wakeling, Emma, Wallwark, Sarah, Waters, Jonathon, Weber, Astrid, Wellesley, Diana, Whiteford, Margo, Widaa, Sara, Wilcox, Sarah, Wilkinson, Emily, Williams, Denise, Williams, Nicola, Wilson, Louise, Woods, Geoff, Wragg, Christopher, Wright, Michael, Yates, Laura, Yau, Michael, Nellåker, Chris, Parker, Michael, Firth, Helen V., Wright, Caroline F., FitzPatrick, David R., Barrett, Jeffrey C., and Hurles, Matthew E.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Entorhinal cortex directs learning-related changes in CA1 representations

Author

Christine, Grienberger and Jeffrey C, Magee

Subjects
Neurons, Optogenetics, Mice, Neuronal Plasticity, Reward, Models, Neurological, Animals, Entorhinal Cortex, Learning, Dendrites, Cues, CA1 Region, Hippocampal
Abstract

Learning-related changes in brain activity are thought to underlie adaptive behaviours

Published
2021

13. Diverse organic-mineral associations in Jezero crater, Mars

Author

Sharma, Sunanda, Roppel, Ryan D., Murphy, Ashley E., Beegle, Luther W., Bhartia, Rohit, Steele, Andrew, Hollis, Joseph Razzell, Siljeström, Sandra, McCubbin, Francis M., Asher, Sanford A., Abbey, William J., Allwood, Abigail C., Berger, Eve L., Bleefeld, Benjamin L., Burton, Aaron S., Bykov, Sergei V., Cardarelli, Emily L., Conrad, Pamela G., Corpolongo, Andrea, Czaja, Andrew D., DeFlores, Lauren P., Edgett, Kenneth, Farley, Kenneth A., Fornaro, Teresa, Fox, Allison C., Fries, Marc D., Harker, David, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Huggett, Joshua, Imbeah, Samara, Jakubek, Ryan S., Kah, Linda C., Lee, Carina, Liu, Yang, Magee, Angela, Minitti, Michelle, Moore, Kelsey R., Pascuzzo, Alyssa, Rodriguez Sanchez-Vahamonde, Carolina, Scheller, Eva L., Shkolyar, Svetlana, Stack, Kathryn M., Steadman, Kim, Tuite, Michael, Uckert, Kyle, Werynski, Alyssa, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Amy J., Winchell, Katherine, Kennedy, Megan R., and Yanchilina, Anastasia

Abstract

The presence and distribution of preserved organic matter on the surface of Mars can provide key information about the Martian carbon cycle and the potential of the planet to host life throughout its history. Several types of organic molecules have been previously detected in Martian meteorites1and at Gale crater, Mars2–4. Evaluating the diversity and detectability of organic matter elsewhere on Mars is important for understanding the extent and diversity of Martian surface processes and the potential availability of carbon sources1,5,6. Here we report the detection of Raman and fluorescence spectra consistent with several species of aromatic organic molecules in the Máaz and Séítah formations within the Crater Floor sequences of Jezero crater, Mars. We report specific fluorescence-mineral associations consistent with many classes of organic molecules occurring in different spatial patterns within these compositionally distinct formations, potentially indicating different fates of carbon across environments. Our findings suggest there may be a diversity of aromatic molecules prevalent on the Martian surface, and these materials persist despite exposure to surface conditions. These potential organic molecules are largely found within minerals linked to aqueous processes, indicating that these processes may have had a key role in organic synthesis, transport or preservation.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Haematopoietic stem cells require a highly regulated protein synthesis rate

Author

Signer, Robert A.J., Magee, Jeffrey A., Salic, Adrian, and Morrison, Sean J.

Subjects
B cells -- Physiological aspects, Protein biosynthesis -- Research, Hematopoietic stem cells -- Physiological aspects, Stem cell research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Many aspects of cellular physiology remain unstudied in somatic stem cells, for example, there are almost no data on protein synthesis in any somatic stem cell. Here we set out to compare protein synthesis in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and restricted haematopoietic progenitors. We found that the amount of protein synthesized per hour in HSCs in vivo was lower than in most other haematopoietic cells, even if we controlled for differences in cell cycle status or forced HSCs to undergo self-renewing divisions. Reduced ribosome function in [RpL24.sup.Bst/+] mice further reduced protein synthesis in HSCs and impaired HSC function. Pten deletion increased protein synthesis in HSCs but also reduced HSC function. [Rp124.sup.Bst/+] cell-autonomously rescued the effects of Pten deletion in HSCs; blocking the increase in protein synthesis, restoring HSC function, and delaying leukaemogenesis. Pten deficiency thus depletes HSCs and promotes leukaemia partly by increasing protein synthesis. Either increased or decreased protein synthesis impairs HSC function., Mutations in ribosomes and other gene products that affect protein synthesis are associated with human diseases marked by haematopoietic dysfunction (1,2). Increased protein synthesis can promote the development and progression [...]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Oncogenic Nras has bimodal effects on stem cells that sustainably increase competitiveness

Author

Li, Qing, Bohin, Natacha, Wen, Tiffany, Ng, Victor, Magee, Jeffrey, Chen, Shann-Ching, Shannon, Kevin, and Morrison, Sean J.

Subjects
Gene expression -- Research, Leukemia -- Genetic aspects, Hematopoietic stem cells -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

'Pre-leukaemic' mutations are thought to promote clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by increasing self-renewal and competitiveness (1); however, mutations that increase HSC proliferation tend to reduce competitiveness and self-renewal potential, raising the question of how a mutant HSC can sustainably outcompete wild-type HSCs. Activating mutations in NRAS are prevalent in human myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukaemia (2). Here we show that a single allele of oncogenic [Nras.sup.G12D] increases HSC proliferation but also increases reconstituting and self-renewal potential upon serial transplantation in irradiated mice, all prior to leukaemia initiation. [Nras.sup.G12D] also confers long-term self-renewal potential to multipotent progenitors. To explore the mechanism by which [Nras.sup.G12D]promotes HSC proliferation and self-renewal, we assessed cell-cycle kinetics using H2B-GFP label retention and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. [Nras.sup.G12D] had a bimodal effect on HSCs, increasing the frequency with which some HSCs divide and reducing the frequency with which others divide. This mirrored bimodal effects on reconstituting potential, as rarely dividing [Nras.sup.G12D] HSCs outcompeted wild-type HSCs, whereas frequently dividing [Nras.sup.G12D] HSCs did not. [Nras.sup.G12D] caused these effects by promoting STAT5 signalling, inducing different transcriptional responses in different subsets of HSCs. One signal can therefore increase HSC proliferation, competitiveness and self-renewal through bimodal effects on HSC gene expression, cycling and reconstituting potential., To gain a durable competitive advantage, mutant HSCs must sustainably self-renew more frequently than wild-type HSCs. Yet increased HSC division is almost always associated with reduced self-renewal potential and HSC [...]

Published
2013

17. Large-scale discovery of novel genetic causes of developmental disorders

Author

Fitzgerald, T. W., Gerety, S. S., Jones, W. D., van Kogelenberg, M., King, D. A., McRae, J., Morley, K. I., Parthiban, V., Al-Turki, S., Ambridge, K., Barrett, D. M., Bayzetinova, T., Clayton, S., Coomber, E. L., Gribble, S., Jones, P., Krishnappa, N., Mason, L. E., Middleton, A., Miller, R., Prigmore, E., Rajan, D., Sifrim, A., Tivey, A. R., Ahmed, M., Akawi, N., Andrews, R., Anjum, U., Archer, H., Armstrong, R., Balasubramanian, M., Banerjee, R., Baralle, D., Batstone, P., Baty, D., Bennett, C., Berg, J., Bernhard, B., Bevan, A. P., Blair, E., Blyth, M., Bohanna, D., Bourdon, L., Bourn, D., Brady, A., Bragin, E., Brewer, C., Brueton, L., Brunstrom, K., Bumpstead, S. J., Bunyan, D. J., Burn, J., Burton, J., Canham, N., Castle, B., Chandler, K., Clasper, S., Clayton-Smith, J., Cole, T., Collins, A., Collinson, M. N., Connell, F., Cooper, N., Cox, H., Cresswell, L., Cross, G., Crow, Y., DʼAlessandro, M., Dabir, T., Davidson, R., Davies, S., Dean, J., Deshpande, C., Devlin, G., Dixit, A., Dominiczak, A., Donnelly, C., Donnelly, D., Douglas, A., Duncan, A., Eason, J., Edkins, S., Ellard, S., Ellis, P., Elmslie, F., Evans, K., Everest, S., Fendick, T., Fisher, R., Flinter, F., Foulds, N., Fryer, A., Fu, B., Gardiner, C., Gaunt, L., Ghali, N., Gibbons, R., Pereira, Gomes S. L., Goodship, J., Goudie, D., Gray, E., Greene, P., Greenhalgh, L., Harrison, L., Hawkins, R., Hellens, S., Henderson, A., Hobson, E., Holden, S., Holder, S., Hollingsworth, G., Homfray, T., Humphreys, M., Hurst, J., Ingram, S., Irving, M., Jarvis, J., Jenkins, L., Johnson, D., Jones, D., Jones, E., Josifova, D., Joss, S., Kaemba, B., Kazembe, S., Kerr, B., Kini, U., Kinning, E., Kirby, G., Kirk, C., Kivuva, E., Kraus, A., Kumar, D., Lachlan, K., Lam, W., Lampe, A., Langman, C., Lees, M., Lim, D., Lowther, G., Lynch, S. A., Magee, A., Maher, E., Mansour, S., Marks, K., Martin, K., Maye, U., McCann, E., McConnell, V., McEntagart, M., McGowan, R., McKay, K., McKee, S., McMullan, D. J., McNerlan, S., Mehta, S., Metcalfe, K., Miles, E., Mohammed, S., Montgomery, T., Moore, D., Morgan, S., Morris, A., Morton, J., Mugalaasi, H., Murday, V., Nevitt, L., Newbury-Ecob, R., Norman, A., OʼShea, R., Ogilvie, C., Park, S., Parker, M. J., Patel, C., Paterson, J., Payne, S., Phipps, J., Pilz, D. T., Porteous, D., Pratt, N., Prescott, K., Price, S., Pridham, A., Procter, A., Purnell, H., Ragge, N., Rankin, J., Raymond, L., Rice, D., Robert, L., Roberts, E., Roberts, G., Roberts, J., Roberts, P., Ross, A., Rosser, E., Saggar, A., Samant, S., Sandford, R., Sarkar, A., Schweiger, S., Scott, C., Scott, R., Selby, A., Seller, A., Sequeira, C., Shannon, N., Sharif, S., Shaw-Smith, C., Shearing, E., Shears, D., Simonic, I., Simpkin, D., Singzon, R., Skitt, Z., Smith, A., Smith, B., Smith, K., Smithson, S., Sneddon, L., Splitt, M., Squires, M., Stewart, F., Stewart, H., Suri, M., Sutton, V., Swaminathan, G. J., Sweeney, E., Tatton-Brown, K., Taylor, C., Taylor, R., Tein, M., Temple, I. K., Thomson, J., Tolmie, J., Torokwa, A., Treacy, B., Turner, C., Turnpenny, P., Tysoe, C., Vandersteen, A., Vasudevan, P., Vogt, J., Wakeling, E., Walker, D., Waters, J., Weber, A., Wellesley, D., Whiteford, M., Widaa, S., Wilcox, S., Williams, D., Williams, N., Woods, G., Wragg, C., Wright, M., Yang, F., Yau, M., Carter, N. P., Parker, M., Firth, H. V., FitzPatrick, D. R., Wright, C. F., Barrett, J. C., and Hurles, M. E.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Microbial colonization influences early B-lineage development in the gut lamina propria

Author

Wesemann, Duane R., Portuguese, Andrew J., Meyers, Robin M., Gallagher, Michael P., Cluff-Jones, Kendra, Magee, Jennifer M., Panchakshari, Rohit A., Rodig, Scott J., Kepler, Thomas B., and Alt, Frederick W.

Subjects
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) -- Genetic aspects, Immunoglobulins -- Properties -- Genetic aspects, Microbial colonies -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The [RAG.sup.+]/RAG2 endonuclease (RAG) initiates the V(D)J recombination reaction that assembles immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chain variable region exons from germline gene segments to generate primary antibody repertoires [...]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. An unexpectedly low oscillator strength as the origin of the Fe XVII emission problem

Author

Bernitt, S., Brown, G.V., Rudolph, J.K., Steinbrugge, R., Graf, A., Leutenegger, M., Epp, S.W., Eberle, S., Kubicek, K., Mackel, V., Simon, M.C., Trabert, E., Magee, E.W., Beilmann, C., Hell, N., Schippers, S., Muller, A., Kahn, S.M., Surzhykov, A., Harman, Z., Keitel, C.H., Clementson, J., Porter, F.S., Schlotter, W., Turner, J.J., Ullrich, J., Beiersdorfer, P., and Lopez-Urrutia, J.R. Crespo

Subjects
Collisions (Nuclear physics) -- Observations, Iron -- Chemical properties, Quantum theory -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Highly charged iron ([Fe.sub.16+], here referred to as Fe XVII) produces some of the brightest X-ray emission lines from hot astrophysical objects (1), including galaxy clusters and stellar coronae, and [...]

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Nonlinear dendritic integration of sensory and motor input during an active sensing task

Author

Xu, Ning-long, Harnett, Mark T., Williams, Stephen R., Huber, Daniel, O'Connor, Daniel H., Svoboda, Karel, and Magee, Jeffrey C.

Subjects
Neural circuitry -- Observations, Motor ability -- Observations, Dendrites -- Properties, Perception -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Active dendrites provide neurons with powerful processing capabilities. However, little is known about the role of neuronal dendrites in behaviourally related circuit computations. Here we report that a novel global [...]

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Synaptic amplification by dendritic spines enhances input cooperativity

Author

Harnett, Mark T., Makara, Judit K., Spruston, Nelson, Kath, William L., and Magee, Jeffrey C.

Subjects
Neural transmission -- Research, Dendrites -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Dendritic spines are the nearly ubiquitous site of excitatory synaptic input onto neurons (1,2) and as such are critically positioned to influence diverse aspects of neuronal signalling. Decades of theoretical [...]

Published
2012

22. A candidate redshift z ≅ 10 galaxy and rapid changes in that population at an age of 500 Myr

Author

Bouwens, R.J., Illingworth, G.D., Labbe, I., Oesch, P.A., Trenti, M., Carollo, C.M., vanDokkum, P.G., Franx, M., Stiavelli, M., Gonzalez, V., Magee, D., and Bradley, L.

Subjects
Red shift -- Research, Galaxies -- Natural history -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Searches for very-high-redshift galaxies over the past decade have yielded a large sample of more than 6,000 galaxies existing just 900-2,000 million years (Myr) after the Big Bang (redshifts 6 > z> 3; ref. 1). The Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF09) data (2,3) have yielded the first reliable detections of z ≅ 8 galaxies (3-9) that, together with reports of a γ-ray burst at z ≅ 8.2 (refs 10, 11), constitute the earliest objects reliably reported to date. Observations of z ≅ 7-8 galaxies suggest substantial star formation at z> 9-10 (refs 12, 13). Here we use the full two-year HUDF09 data to conduct an ultra-deep search for z ≅ 10 galaxies in the heart of the reionization epoch, only 500 Myr after the Big Bang. Not only do we find one possible z ≅ 10 galaxy candidate, but we show that, regardless of source detections, the star formation rate density is much smaller (~10%) at this time than it is just ~200 Myr later at z ≅ 8. This demonstrates how rapid galaxy build-up was at z ≅ 10, as galaxies increased in both luminosity density and volume density from z ≅ 10 to z ≅ 8. The 100-200 Myr before z [approximately equal to] 10 is clearly a crucial phase in the assembly of the earliest galaxies., The detection of galaxies at very high redshift from deep imaging data depends on the absorption (by intervening neutral hydrogen) of much of the flux in the spectrum at wavelengths [...]

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Liquid water on Enceladus from observations of ammonia and [sup.40]Ar in the plume

Author

Waite, Jr., J.H., Lewis, W.S., Magee, B.A., Lunine, J.I., McKinnon, W.B., Glein, C.R., Mousis, O., Young, D.T., Brockwell, T., Westlake, J., Nguyen, M.-J., Teolis, B.D., Niemann, H.B., McNutt, Jr., R.L., Perry, M., and Ip, W.-H.

Subjects
Plumes (Fluid dynamics) -- Chemical properties -- Environmental aspects, Argon -- Environmental aspects -- Chemical properties, Enceladus (Satellite) -- Natural history -- Chemical properties -- Environmental aspects, Ammonia -- Environmental aspects -- Chemical properties, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Chemical properties, Natural history, Environmental aspects
Abstract

Jets of water ice from surface fractures near the south pole (1) of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus produce a plume of gas and particles (2-5). The source of the jets may be a liquid water region under the ice shell--as suggested most recently by the discovery of salts in E-ring particles derived from the plume (6)--or warm ice that is heated, causing dissociation of clathrate hydrates (7). Here we report that ammonia is present in the plume, along with various organic compounds, deuterium and, very probably, [sup.40]Ar. The presence of ammonia provides strong evidence for the existence of at least some liquid water, given that temperatures in excess of 180K have been measured near the fractures from which the jets emanate (8). We conclude, from the overall composition of the material, that the plume derives from both a liquid reservoir (or from ice that in recent geological time has been in contact with such a reservoir) as well as from degassing, volatile-charged ice., Enceladus' plume has been sampled with the Cassini Saturn Orbiter's Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) (9) during five fly-bys of the moon and found to be composed predominantly of [...]

Published
2009

24. Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons

Author

Losonczy, Attila, Makara, Judit K., and Magee, Jeffrey C.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Although information storage in the central nervous system is thought to be primarily mediated by various forms of synaptic plasticity, other mechanisms, such as modifications in membrane excitability, are available. [...]

Published
2008

25. Macromolecular organic compounds from the depths of Enceladus

Author

Mark E. Perry, Sascha Kempf, Bernd Abel, Bryana L. Henderson, Gabriel Tobie, Christopher R. Glein, Ralf Srama, Lenz Nölle, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, Nozair Khawaja, Georg Moragas-Klostermeyer, J. Hunter Waite, Brian Magee, Jürgen Schmidt, Frank Postberg, Fabian Klenner, Mario Trieloff, Murthy S. Gudipati, Ferdinand Stolz, Gaël Choblet, René Reviol, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Space Science Division [San Antonio], and Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI)

Subjects
Materials science, Extraterrestrial Environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, 01 natural sciences, Article, Hydrothermal circulation, Astrobiology, Saturn, Exobiology, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, Porosity, Enceladus, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ice, Crust, Atomic mass unit, Plume, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Volatilization
Abstract

Saturn’s moon Enceladus harbours a global water ocean¹, which lies under an ice crust and above a rocky core². Through warm cracks in the crust³ a cryo-volcanic plume ejects ice grains and vapour into space⁴–⁷ that contain materials originating from the ocean⁸,⁹. Hydrothermal activity is suspected to occur deep inside the porous core¹⁰–¹², powered by tidal dissipation¹³. So far, only simple organic compounds with molecular masses mostly below 50 atomic mass units have been observed in plume material⁶,¹⁴,¹⁵. Here we report observations of emitted ice grains containing concentrated and complex macromolecular organic material with molecular masses above 200 atomic mass units. The data constrain the macromolecular structure of organics detected in the ice grains and suggest the presence of a thin organic-rich film on top of the oceanic water table, where organic nucleation cores generated by the bursting of bubbles allow the probing of Enceladus’ organic inventory in enhanced concentrations.

Published
2018

26. The distillation and volatility of ionic liquids

Author

Earle, Martyn J., Esperanca, Jose M.S.S., Gilea, Manuela A., Canongia Lopes, Jose N., Rebelo, Luis P.N., Magee, Joseph W., Seddon, Kenneth R., and Widegren, Jason A.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Martyn J. Earle [1]; José M.S.S. Esperança [2]; Manuela A. Gilea [1]; José N. Canongia Lopes [2]; Luís P.N. Rebelo (corresponding author) [2]; Joseph W. Magee [3]; Kenneth R. [...]

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Genetic evidence for Near-Eastern origins of European cattle

Author

Troy, Christopher S., MacHugh, David E., Bailey, Jillian F., Magee, David A., Loftus, Ronan T., Cunningham, Patrick, Chamberlain, Andrew T., Sykes, Bryan C., and Bradley, Daniel G.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Christopher S. Troy [1, 2]; David E. MacHugh [3, 2]; Jillian F. Bailey [1]; David A. Magee [1]; Ronan T. Loftus [1]; Patrick Cunningham [1]; Andrew T. Chamberlain [4]; [...]

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Identification of two sources of carbon monoxide in comet Hale-Bopp

Author

DiSanti, Michael A., Mumma, Michael J., Russo, Neil Dello, Magee-Sauer, Karen, Novak, Robert, and Rettig, Terrence W.

Subjects
Hale-Bopp (Comet) -- Research, Comets -- Spectra, Carbon monoxide -- Spectra, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Observations of comet Hale-Bopp using the cryogenic echelle grating spectrometer on the NASA IRTF 3-m telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, indicate that around half of the carbon monoxide (CO) in the comet comes directly from ice stored in the nucleus. It has been established that the onset of distributed CO emission cannot be attributed to increased dust production alone. It is likely that a threshold, probably thermal, is reached for release of additional CO in the coma.

Published
1999

30. The afterglow, redshift and extreme energetics of the gamma-ray burst of 23 January 1999

Author

Kulkarni, S.R., Djorgovski, S.G., Odewahn, S.C., Bloom, J.S., Gal, R.R., Koresko, C.D., Harrison, F.A., Lubin, L.M., Armus, L., Sari, R., Illingworth, G.D., Kelson, D.D., Magee, D.K., van Dokkum, P.G., Frail, D.A., Mulchaey, J.s., Malkan, M.A., McClean,I.S., Teplitz, H.I., Koerner, D., Kirkpatrick D., Kobayshi, N., Yadigaroglu, I.A., Halpern, J., Piran, T., Goodrich, R.w., Chaffee, F.H., Feroci, Mi, and Costa. E.

Subjects
Gamma rays -- Research, Cosmology -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Long-lived emission or afterglow, has been detected from gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances with redshifts, z, ranging from one to three. Optical and near-infrared observations of the afterglow of GRB990123 have determined a redshift of z>1.6 which is the brightest gamma-ray burst. The data may provide evidence of beamed radiation, rather than isotropic radiation.

Published
1999

32. Parallel ascending spinal pathways for affective touch and pain

Author

Matthew A. Brett, Martyn Goulding, Nathaniel Heintz, Rachel L. Wolfson, Dawei Zhang, Yu Omori, Seungwon Choi, Shiaoching Gong, Junichi Hachisuka, David D. Ginty, Celine Santiago, Noor-ul-Aine Iqbal, Alexandra R. Magee, Sarah E. Ross, H. Richard Koerber, Ling Bai, and Michelle M. DeLisle

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Sensory Receptor Cells, Receptor expression, Pain, Stimulus (physiology), Optogenetics, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Article, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, medicine, Biological neural network, Animals, Lateral parabrachial nucleus, Axon, Skin, Multidisciplinary, Spinal cord, Axons, Philosophy, 030104 developmental biology, Nociception, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Spinal Cord, Touch, Synapses, Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The anterolateral pathway consists of ascending spinal tracts that convey pain, temperature and touch information from the spinal cord to the brain1–4. Projection neurons of the anterolateral pathway are attractive therapeutic targets for pain treatment because nociceptive signals emanating from the periphery are channelled through these spinal projection neurons en route to the brain. However, the organizational logic of the anterolateral pathway remains poorly understood. Here we show that two populations of projection neurons that express the structurally related G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) TACR1 and GPR83 form parallel ascending circuit modules that cooperate to convey thermal, tactile and noxious cutaneous signals from the spinal cord to the lateral parabrachial nucleus of the pons. Within this nucleus, axons of spinoparabrachial (SPB) neurons that express Tacr1 or Gpr83 innervate distinct sets of subnuclei, and strong optogenetic stimulation of the axon terminals induces distinct escape behaviours and autonomic responses. Moreover, SPB neurons that express Gpr83 are highly sensitive to cutaneous mechanical stimuli and receive strong synaptic inputs from both high- and low-threshold primary mechanosensory neurons. Notably, the valence associated with activation of SPB neurons that express Gpr83 can be either positive or negative, depending on stimulus intensity. These findings reveal anatomically, physiologically and functionally distinct subdivisions of the SPB tract that underlie affective aspects of touch and pain. Two populations of neurons with distinct anatomy and receptor expression that convey information from the spinal cord to the brain have different functional properties with respect to touch and pain.

Published
2019

33. Liquid Water on Enceladus from Observations of Ammonia and Ar-40 in the Plume

Author

Waite, J. H., Jr, Lewis, W. S, Magee, B. A, Lunine, J. I, McKinnon, W. B, Glein, C. R, Mousis, O, Young, D. T, Brockwell, T, Westlake, J, Nguyen, M.-J, Teolis, B. D, Niemann, H. B, McNutt, R. L., Jr, Perry, M, and Ip, W.-H

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Jets of water ice from surface fractures near the south pole of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus produce a plume of gas and particles. The source of the jets may be a liquid water region under the ice shell-as suggested most recently by the discovery of salts in E-ring particles derived from the plume-or warm ice that is heated, causing dissociation of clathrate hydrates. Here we report that ammonia is present in the plume, along with various organic compounds, deuterium and, very probably, Ar-40. The presence of ammonia provides strong evidence for the existence of at least some liquid water, given that temperatures in excess of 180 K have been measured near the fractures from which the jets emanate. We conclude, from the overall composition of the material, that the plume derives from both a liquid reservoir (or from ice that in recent geological time has been in contact with such a reservoir) as well as from degassing, volatile-charged ice. As part of a general comprehensive review of the midsize saturnian satellites at the conclusion of the prime Cassini mission, PI McKinnon and co-I Barr contributed to three review chapters.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. K+ channel regulation of signal propagation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurones

Author

Hoffman, Dax A., Magee, Jeffrey C., Colbert, Costa M., and Johnston, Daniel

Subjects
Dendrites -- Research, Neurology -- Research, Neurophysiology -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Mammalian neurons have branches of dendrites that receive and integrate sensory signals but, until now, it has been unclear how such inputs are processed. Researchers have found potassium channels in dendrites from hippocampal pyramid neurons. The presence of such channels could explain some questions about dendritic function. The A-type channels could act to counter dendritic polarization.

Published
1997

35. Low-latitude glacial cooling in the Southern Hemisphere from amino-acid racemization in emu eggshells

Author

Miller, Gifford H., Magee, John W., and Jull, A.J.T.

Subjects
Australia -- Natural history, Southern Hemisphere -- Natural history, Glacial climates -- Research, Eggshells -- Usage, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The amino acid racemization of eggshells, when used as terrestrial fossil materials, can be relied on for data on archaeological sites beyond the range of radiocarbon dating. The temperature-dependent amino acid racemization reaction in radiocarbon-dated emu eggshell fragments from Australia were studied to reconstruct low-altitude subtropical temperatures for the past 45,000 calendar years before present (kyr BP). Racemization rate-changes suggest that millenial-scale average air temperatures were at least 9 degrees Celsius lower between 45 and 16 kyr BP than since 16 kyr BP.

Published
1997

36. Integration of positional signals and regulation of wing formation and identity by Drosophila vestigial gene

Author

Kim, Jaeseob, Sebring, Angela, Esch, Jeffrey J., Kraus, Mary Ellen, Vorwerk, Kathy, Magee, Jeffrey, and Carroll, Sean B.

Subjects
Drosophila -- Research, Gene expression -- Physiological aspects, Developmental biology -- Research, Wings (Animal) -- Observations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The regulation of Drosophila wing formation and identity by the vestigial (vg) gene involves integration of positional signals and regulation of the activity of two enhancers. The enhancer in the second intron is stimulated during the early developmental stages by the dorsoventral (D/V) signal pathway. The enhancer in the fourth intron is stimulated by signals from the D/V boundary and the anteroposterior axis during the later developmental stages. The phenotype of vg mutants and regulation of vg activity are discussed.

Published
1996

39. Haematopoietic stem cells require a highly regulated protein synthesis rate

Author

Robert A.J. Signer, Sean J. Morrison, Jeffrey A. Magee, and Adrian Salic

Subjects
Cell physiology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Cell growth, hemic and immune systems, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Haematopoiesis, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Puromycin, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Protein biosynthesis, PTEN, Stem cell, 030304 developmental biology, Adult stem cell
Abstract

Many aspects of cellular physiology remain unstudied in somatic stem cells. For example, there are almost no data on protein synthesis in any somatic stem cell. We found that the amount of protein synthesized per hour in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo was lower than in most other haematopoietic cells, even if we controlled for differences in cell cycle status or forced HSCs to undergo self-renewing divisions. Reduced ribosome function in Rpl24Bst/+ mice further reduced protein synthesis in HSCs and impaired HSC function. Pten deletion increased protein synthesis in HSCs but also reduced HSC function. Rpl24Bst/+ cell-autonomously rescued the effects of Pten deletion in HSCs, blocking the increase in protein synthesis, restoring HSC function, and delaying leukaemogenesis. Pten deficiency thus depletes HSCs and promotes leukaemia partly by increasing protein synthesis. Either increased or decreased protein synthesis impairs HSC function.

Published
2014

40. Macromolecular organic compounds from the depths of Enceladus

Author

Postberg, Frank, primary, Khawaja, Nozair, additional, Abel, Bernd, additional, Choblet, Gael, additional, Glein, Christopher R., additional, Gudipati, Murthy S., additional, Henderson, Bryana L., additional, Hsu, Hsiang-Wen, additional, Kempf, Sascha, additional, Klenner, Fabian, additional, Moragas-Klostermeyer, Georg, additional, Magee, Brian, additional, Nölle, Lenz, additional, Perry, Mark, additional, Reviol, René, additional, Schmidt, Jürgen, additional, Srama, Ralf, additional, Stolz, Ferdinand, additional, Tobie, Gabriel, additional, Trieloff, Mario, additional, and Waite, J. Hunter, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Oncogenic Nras has bimodal effects on stem cells that sustainably increase competitiveness

Author

Victor Ng, Natacha Bohin, Tiffany Wen, Shann Ching Chen, Kevin Shannon, Jeffrey A. Magee, Sean J. Morrison, and Qing Li

Subjects
Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Cell growth, Mutant, hemic and immune systems, Cell biology, Gene expression profiling, 03 medical and health sciences, Haematopoiesis, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, biology.protein, Progenitor cell, Stem cell, STAT5, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

'Pre-leukaemic' mutations are thought to promote clonal expansion of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by increasing self-renewal and competitiveness; however, mutations that increase HSC proliferation tend to reduce competitiveness and self-renewal potential, raising the question of how a mutant HSC can sustainably outcompete wild-type HSCs. Activating mutations in NRAS are prevalent in human myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukaemia. Here we show that a single allele of oncogenic Nras(G12D) increases HSC proliferation but also increases reconstituting and self-renewal potential upon serial transplantation in irradiated mice, all prior to leukaemia initiation. Nras(G12D) also confers long-term self-renewal potential to multipotent progenitors. To explore the mechanism by which Nras(G12D) promotes HSC proliferation and self-renewal, we assessed cell-cycle kinetics using H2B-GFP label retention and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Nras(G12D) had a bimodal effect on HSCs, increasing the frequency with which some HSCs divide and reducing the frequency with which others divide. This mirrored bimodal effects on reconstituting potential, as rarely dividing Nras(G12D) HSCs outcompeted wild-type HSCs, whereas frequently dividing Nras(G12D) HSCs did not. Nras(G12D) caused these effects by promoting STAT5 signalling, inducing different transcriptional responses in different subsets of HSCs. One signal can therefore increase HSC proliferation, competitiveness and self-renewal through bimodal effects on HSC gene expression, cycling and reconstituting potential.

Published
2013

42. Microbial colonization influences early B-lineage development in the gut lamina propria

Author

Frederick W. Alt, Kendra Cluff-Jones, Jennifer M. Magee, Andrew J. Portuguese, Michael P. Gallagher, Scott J. Rodig, Duane R. Wesemann, Robin M. Meyers, Rohit A. Panchakshari, and Thomas B. Kepler

Subjects
Population, Immunoglobulins, Bone Marrow Cells, Weaning, Biology, Recombination-activating gene, Mice, Intestinal mucosa, RAG2, medicine, Animals, Germ-Free Life, Cell Lineage, Intestinal Mucosa, Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Symbiosis, education, B-Lymphocytes, Lamina propria, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid, Receptor editing, Molecular biology, DNA-Binding Proteins, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, biology.protein, Bone marrow, Antibody
Abstract

Primary B-cell development is thought to be restricted to the bone marrow; here it is shown to occur also in intestinal tissues of postnatal mice, that it peaks at the time of weaning and is increased upon colonization of germ-free mice, and is thus influenced by commensal microbes. Primary B-cell development is thought to be restricted to the bone marrow, but here Frederick Alt and colleagues present the surprising finding that it also occurs in the gut, where it is stimulated by the gut microbes. The authors describe a population of early B-lineage cells developing within the intestinal mucosa — specifically in the lamina propria — of postnatal mice. B-cell production peaks at the time of weaning and is increased upon colonization of germ-free mice. The repertoire of these B cells differs from that of cells derived from the bone marrow, and may be shaped by commensal microbes. The RAG1/RAG2 endonuclease (RAG) initiates the V(D)J recombination reaction that assembles immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chain variable region exons from germline gene segments to generate primary antibody repertoires1. IgH V(D)J assembly occurs in progenitor (pro-) B cells followed by that of IgL in precursor (pre-) B cells. Expression of IgH μ and IgL (Igκ or Igλ) chains generates IgM, which is expressed on immature B cells as the B-cell antigen-binding receptor (BCR). Rag expression can continue in immature B cells2, allowing continued Igκ V(D)J recombination that replaces the initial VκJκ exon with one that generates a new specificity3,4,5. This ‘receptor editing’ process, which can also lead to Igλ V(D)J recombination and expression3,6,7, provides a mechanism whereby antigen encounter at the Rag-expressing immature B-cell stage helps shape pre-immune BCR repertoires. As the major site of postnatal B-cell development, the bone marrow is the principal location of primary immunoglobulin repertoire diversification in mice. Here we report that early B-cell development also occurs within the mouse intestinal lamina propria (LP), where the associated V(D)J recombination/receptor editing processes modulate primary LP immunoglobulin repertoires. At weanling age in normally housed mice, the LP contains a population of Rag-expressing B-lineage cells that harbour intermediates indicative of ongoing V(D)J recombination and which contain cells with pro-B, pre-B and editing phenotypes. Consistent with LP-specific receptor editing, Rag-expressing LP B-lineage cells have similar VH repertoires, but significantly different Vκ repertoires, compared to those of Rag2-expressing bone marrow counterparts. Moreover, colonization of germ-free mice leads to an increased ratio of Igλ-expressing versus Igκ-expressing B cells specifically in the LP. We conclude that B-cell development occurs in the intestinal mucosa, where it is regulated by extracellular signals from commensal microbes that influence gut immunoglobulin repertoires.

Published
2013

43. Synaptic amplification by dendritic spines enhances input cooperativity

Author

Jeffrey C. Magee, Judit K. Makara, Mark T. Harnett, William L. Kath, and Nelson Spruston

Subjects
Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Dendritic spine, Dendritic Spines, Models, Neurological, Dendrite, Neurotransmission, Hippocampal formation, Biology, Article, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Actin remodeling of neurons, 0302 clinical medicine, Electric Impedance, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Pyramidal Cells, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Depolarization, Anatomy, Rats, Dendritic filopodia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Synapses, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Dendritic spines are the nearly ubiquitous site of excitatory synaptic input onto neurons and as such are critically positioned to influence diverse aspects of neuronal signalling. Decades of theoretical studies have proposed that spines may function as highly effective and modifiable chemical and electrical compartments that regulate synaptic efficacy, integration and plasticity. Experimental studies have confirmed activity-dependent structural dynamics and biochemical compartmentalization by spines. However, there is a longstanding debate over the influence of spines on the electrical aspects of synaptic transmission and dendritic operation. Here we measure the amplitude ratio of spine head to parent dendrite voltage across a range of dendritic compartments and calculate the associated spine neck resistance (R(neck)) for spines at apical trunk dendrites in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. We find that R(neck) is large enough (~500 MΩ) to amplify substantially the spine head depolarization associated with a unitary synaptic input by ~1.5- to ~45-fold, depending on parent dendritic impedance. A morphologically realistic compartmental model capable of reproducing the observed spatial profile of the amplitude ratio indicates that spines provide a consistently high-impedance input structure throughout the dendritic arborization. Finally, we demonstrate that the amplification produced by spines encourages electrical interaction among coactive inputs through an R(neck)-dependent increase in spine head voltage-gated conductance activation. We conclude that the electrical properties of spines promote nonlinear dendritic processing and associated forms of plasticity and storage, thus fundamentally enhancing the computational capabilities of neurons.

Published
2012

44. Liquid water on Enceladus from observations of ammonia and 40Ar in the plume

Author

W. S. Lewis, Christopher R. Glein, Tim Brockwell, M. J. Nguyen, B. D. Teolis, Wing-Huen Ip, Jonathan I. Lunine, Ralph L. McNutt, Hasso B. Niemann, Brian Magee, J. H. Waite, William B. McKinnon, D. T. Young, Mark E. Perry, Olivier Mousis, and Joseph Westlake

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Life on Titan, Deuterium, Clathrate hydrate, Isotopes of argon, Environmental science, Icy moon, Enceladus, Dissociation (chemistry), Astrobiology, Plume
Abstract

Jets of water ice from surface fractures near the south pole of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus produce a plume of gas and particles. The source of the jets may be a liquid water region under the ice shell-as suggested most recently by the discovery of salts in E-ring particles derived from the plume-or warm ice that is heated, causing dissociation of clathrate hydrates. Here we report that ammonia is present in the plume, along with various organic compounds, deuterium and, very probably, Ar-40. The presence of ammonia provides strong evidence for the existence of at least some liquid water, given that temperatures in excess of 180 K have been measured near the fractures from which the jets emanate. We conclude, from the overall composition of the material, that the plume derives from both a liquid reservoir (or from ice that in recent geological time has been in contact with such a reservoir) as well as from degassing, volatile-charged ice. As part of a general comprehensive review of the midsize saturnian satellites at the conclusion of the prime Cassini mission, PI McKinnon and co-I Barr contributed to three review chapters.

Published
2009

45. Genetic evidence for Near-Eastern origins of European cattle

Author

Christopher S. Troy, Jillian F. Bailey, David A. Magee, R. T. Loftus, Andrew T. Chamberlain, Patrick Cunningham, Daniel G. Bradley, David E. MacHugh, and Bryan Sykes

Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Animals, Wild, Bovidae, DNA, Mitochondrial, Haplogroup, Middle East, Phylogenetics, Animals, Domestication, Phylogeny, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, biology, Phylogenetic tree, ved/biology, Taurine cattle, Haplotype, Genetic Variation, Ruminants, Aurochs, biology.organism_classification, humanities, Europe, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Africa, Cattle
Abstract

The limited ranges of the wild progenitors of many of the primary European domestic species point to their origins further east in Anatolia or the fertile crescent. The wild ox (Bos primigenius), however, ranged widely and it is unknown whether it was domesticated within Europe as one feature of a local contribution to the farming economy. Here we examine mitochondrial DNA control-region sequence variation from 392 extant animals sampled from Europe, Africa and the Near East, and compare this with data from four extinct British wild oxen. The ancient sequences cluster tightly in a phylogenetic analysis and are clearly distinct from modern cattle. Network analysis of modern Bos taurus identifies four star-like clusters of haplotypes, with intra-cluster diversities that approximate to that expected from the time depth of domestic history. Notably, one of these clusters predominates in Europe and is one of three encountered at substantial frequency in the Near East. In contrast, African diversity is almost exclusively composed of a separate haplogroup, which is encountered only rarely elsewhere. These data provide strong support for a derived Near-Eastern origin for European cattle.

Published
2001

46. The afterglow, redshift and extreme energetics of the γ-ray burst of 23 January 1999

Author

Lori M. Lubin, Lee Armus, Harry Teplitz, Fiona A. Harrison, David W. Koerner, Christopher D. Koresko, Joshua S. Bloom, Robert W. Goodrich, Ramazan Sari, Frederic H. Chaffee, S. G. Djorgovski, Dan Magee, S. C. Odewahn, M. Feroci, Tsvi Piran, J. P. Halpern, S. R. Kulkarni, D. Kirkpatrick, John S. Mulchaey, Enrico Costa, Roy R. Gal, D. D. Kelson, G. D. Illingworth, I. A. Yadigaroglu, P. G. van Dokkum, N. Kobayashi, M. A. Malkan, I. S. McLean, and Dale A. Frail

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Science & Technology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Mass–energy equivalence, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, Redshift, Afterglow, Neutron star, Affordable and Clean Energy, astro-ph, GRB 970508, Invariant mass, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Afterglow, or long-lived emission, has now been detected from about a dozen well-positioned gamma-ray bursts. Distance determinations made by measuring optical emission lines from the host galaxy, or absorption lines in the afterglow spectrum, place the burst sources at significant cosmological distances, with redshifts ranging from ~1--3. The energy required to produce the bright gamma-ray flashes is enormous: up to ~10^{53} erg or 10 percent of the rest mass energy of a neutron star, if the emission is isotropic. Here we present the discovery of the optical afterglow and the redshift of GRB 990123, the brightest well-localized GRB to date. With our measured redshift of >1.6, the inferred isotropic energy release exceeds the rest mass of a neutron star thereby challenging current theoretical models for the origin of GRBs. We argue that the optical and IR afterglow measurements reported here may provide the first observational evidence of beaming in a GRB, thereby reducing the required energetics to a level where stellar death models are still tenable.

Published
1999

47. Low-latitude glacial cooling in the Southern Hemisphere from amino-acid racemization in emu eggshells

Author

Gifford H. Miller, John W. Magee, and A. J. T. Jull

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Oceanography, Climatology, Phanerozoic, Paleoclimatology, Amino acid dating, Last Glacial Maximum, Subtropics, Glacial period, Quaternary, Southern Hemisphere, Geology
Abstract

The record of natural climate variability over glacial-interglacial timescales provides a framework from which a better mechanistic understanding of the climate system may be derived. But this approach is limited by the number and distribution of well-dated and reliable palaeoenvironmental archives. Particularly vexing is the conflicting evidence for low-latitude cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum, and the apparent synchrony in glacial activity between the hemispheres despite out-of-phase insolation forcing1–4. Here we utilize the temperature-dependent amino acid racemization reaction in radiocarbon-dated emu eggshell fragments from the continental interior of Australia to reconstruct low-altitude subtropical temperatures for the past 45 kyr. Racemization rate-changes indicate that millennial-scale average air temperatures were at least 9 °C lower between 45 and 16 kyr BP than since 16 kyr BP. A temperature change of this magnitude, coupled with other low-latitude palaeotemperature records that indicate substantial cooling3,4, must reflect global processes, which, we speculate, involved glacial-age reduction in atmospheric water vapour content.

Published
1997

48. Nonlinear dendritic integration of sensory and motor input during an active sensing task

Author

Karel Svoboda, Mark T. Harnett, Daniel Huber, Ning-long Xu, Daniel H. O'Connor, Stephen R. Williams, and Jeffrey C. Magee

Subjects
Male, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Sensation, Sensory system, Motor Activity, Mice, Calcium imaging, Plateau potentials, medicine, Animals, Patch clamp, Physics, Dendritic spike, Multidisciplinary, Neocortex, Behavior, Animal, Pyramidal Cells, Dendrites, Barrel cortex, ddc:616.8, Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Calcium, Primary motor cortex, Neuroscience, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Active dendrites provide neurons with powerful processing capabilities. However, little is known about the role of neuronal dendrites in behaviourally related circuit computations. Here we report that a novel global dendritic nonlinearity is involved in the integration of sensory and motor information within layer 5 pyramidal neurons during an active sensing behaviour. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons possess elaborate dendritic arborizations that receive functionally distinct inputs, each targeted to spatially separate regions. At the cellular level, coincident input from these segregated pathways initiates regenerative dendritic electrical events that produce bursts of action potential output and circuits featuring this powerful dendritic nonlinearity can implement computations based on input correlation. To examine this in vivo we recorded dendritic activity in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex using two-photon calcium imaging in mice performing an object-localization task. Large-amplitude, global calcium signals were observed throughout the apical tuft dendrites when active touch occurred at particular object locations or whisker angles. Such global calcium signals are produced by dendritic plateau potentials that require both vibrissal sensory input and primary motor cortex activity. These data provide direct evidence of nonlinear dendritic processing of correlated sensory and motor information in the mammalian neocortex during active sensation.

Published
2011

49. Action of pancreozymin preparations on gastric secretion

Author

D. F. Magee and M. Nakamura

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, digestive system, Enterogastrone, Gastric secretion, Endocrinology, Dogs, Gastric Mucosa, Internal medicine, medicine, Gastric acid, Animals, Cholecystokinin, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

PANCREOZYMIN and cholecystokinin (PZ/CCK) preparations are known to depress the motility1 of both intact stomachs and denervated gastric pouches. It has been claimed that these preparations depress gastric acid secretion2, and it is possible that they either are or contain enterogastrone.

Published
2010

50. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a 'phagocytic synapse'

Author

Christopher N. Reyes, Courtney A. Becker, Nandita Bose, Andrew S. Magee, Helen S. Goodridge, Michael E. Danielson, Anissa S.H. Chan, Andrea J. Wolf, David M. Underhill, Tamiko R. Katsumoto, Jun Ma, Arthur Weiss, and John P. Vasilakos

Subjects
Cell signaling, beta-Glucans, Immunological Synapses, Phagocytosis, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PTPRC, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Wall, Animals, Humans, Lectins, C-Type, Receptor, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Innate immune system, biology, CLEC7A, Macrophages, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3, Models, Immunological, Membrane Proteins, Immunity, Innate, Cell biology, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Solubility, biology.protein, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Signal transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, 030215 immunology, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Innate immune cells must be able to distinguish between direct binding to microbes and detection of components shed from the surface of microbes located at a distance. Dectin-1 (also known as CLEC7A) is a pattern-recognition receptor expressed by myeloid phagocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils) that detects β-glucans in fungal cell walls and triggers direct cellular antimicrobial activity, including phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast to inflammatory responses stimulated upon detection of soluble ligands by other pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), these responses are only useful when a cell comes into direct contact with a microbe and must not be spuriously activated by soluble stimuli. In this study we show that, despite its ability to bind both soluble and particulate β-glucan polymers, Dectin-1 signalling is only activated by particulate β-glucans, which cluster the receptor in synapse-like structures from which regulatory tyrosine phosphatases CD45 and CD148 (also known as PTPRC and PTPRJ, respectively) are excluded (Supplementary Fig. 1). The 'phagocytic synapse' now provides a model mechanism by which innate immune receptors can distinguish direct microbial contact from detection of microbes at a distance, thereby initiating direct cellular antimicrobial responses only when they are required.

Published
2010

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results