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1. Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity

Author

Lucinda Kirkpatrick, Drew W. Purves, Julie Day, Michelle L K Harrison, Jörn P. W. Scharlemann, Melanie J. Edgar, Jens Kattge, Evan Weiher, Argyrios Choimes, Michael Kleyer, Tim Newbold, Luca Börger, Adriana De Palma, Rebecca A. Senior, Sandra Díaz, Morgan Garon, Victoria Kemp, Andy Purvis, Helen Phillips, Tamera I Alhusseini, Jake Simpson, Lawrence N. Hudson, Yuval Itescu, Samantha L. L. Hill, Igor Lysenko, Anat Feldman, Shai Meiri, Alexandra N Robinson, Sara Contu, Maria Novosolov, David L P Correia, Robert M. Ewers, Hannah J. White, Dominic J. Bennett, Daniel J. Ingram, Callum D. Martin, Susy Echeverría-Londoño, Sean L. Tuck, Yuan Pan, Ben Collen, Georgina M. Mace, and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)

Subjects
BOMBUS SPP. HYMENOPTERA, Conservation of Natural Resources, General Science & Technology, Population Dynamics, INTENSIVELY MANAGED FARMLAND, Biodiversity, SARISKA-TIGER RESERVE, VOLANT SMALL MAMMALS, NORTHEASTERN COSTA-RICA, Biology, BIRD SPECIES RICHNESS, History, 18th Century, History, 21st Century, Models, Biological, Ciencias Biológicas, MEXICAN COFFEE PLANTATIONS, History, 17th Century, BUMBLEBEE NEST DENSITY, Species Specificity, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Human Activities, Ecosystem, LAND USE, DUNG BEETLE COLEOPTERA, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Community, PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, History, 19th Century, RAIN-FOREST, History, 20th Century, Multidisciplinary Sciences, URBAN-RURAL GRADIENT, History, 16th Century, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Rarefaction (ecology), BIODIVERSITY, POST-LOGGING RECOVERY, Species richness, Conservation biology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, TROPICAL FOREST, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Human activities, especially conversion and degradation of habitats, are causing global biodiversity declines. How local ecological assemblages are responding is less clear—a concern given their importance for many ecosystem functions and services. We analysed a terrestrial assemblage database of unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage to quantify local biodiversity responses to land use and related changes. Here we show that in the worst-affected habitats, these pressures reduce within-sample species richness by an average of 76.5%, total abundance by 39.5% and rarefaction-based richness by 40.3%. We estimate that, globally, these pressures have already slightly reduced average within-sample richness (by 13.6%), total abundance (10.7%) and rarefaction-based richness (8.1%), with changes showing marked spatial variation. Rapid further losses are predicted under a business-as-usual land-use scenario; within-sample richness is projected to fall by a further 3.4% globally by 2100, with losses concentrated in biodiverse but economically poor countries. Strong mitigation can deliver much more positive biodiversity changes (up to a 1.9% average increase) that are less strongly related to countries' socioeconomic status. Fil: Newbold, Tim. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Hudson, Lawrence N.. Natural History Museum. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Hill, Samantha L. L.. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Contu, Sara. Natural History Museum. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Lysenko, Igor. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Diaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Harrison, Michelle L. K.. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Alhusseini, Tamera. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Ingram, Daniel J.. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Itescu, Yuval. Tel-Aviv University. Faculty of Life Sciences. Deptartment of Zoology; Israel Fil: Kattge, Jens. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Alemania. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania Fil: Kirkpatrick, Lucinda. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences,; Reino Unido Fil: Kleyer, Michael. University of Oldenburg. Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences. Landscape Ecology Group; Alemania Fil: Pinto Correia, David Laginha. Natural History Museum. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Martin, Callum D.. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Meiri, Shai. Tel-Aviv University. Faculty of Life Sciences. Deptartment of Zoology; Israel Fil: Novosolov, Maria. Tel-Aviv University. Faculty of Life Sciences. Deptartment of Zoology; Israel Fil: Pan, Yuan. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Phillips, Helen R. P.. Natural History Museum. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Purves, Drew W.. Microsoft Research Cambridge. Computational Science Laboratory, ; Reino Unido Fil: Robinson, Alexandra. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Simpson, Jake. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Tuck, Sean L.. University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Weiher, Evan. University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire. Biology Department; Estados Unidos Fil: White, Hannah J.. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Ewers, Robert M.. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido Fil: Mace, Georgina M.. University College London. Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research. Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; Reino Unido Fil: Scharlemann, Jörn P. W.. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Purvis, Andy. Natural History Museum. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido. Imperial College London. Department of Life Sciences; Reino Unido

Published
2015
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2. Divergent clonal selection dominates medulloblastoma at recurrence

Author

Yaron S.N. Butterfield, David Shih, Janet C. Lindsey, Olivier Ayrault, James T. Rutka, Carlos Gilberto Carlotti, Borja L. Holgado, Livia Garzia, Ji Yeoun Lee, Paul A. Northcott, Laura K. Donovan, K. A. Michealraj, Vijay Ramaswamy, Toshihiro Kumabe, Nada Jabado, Thomas Zeng, Michael A. Grotzer, Michael D. Taylor, Jessica Liu, Darlene Lee, Eric Chuah, Gudrun Fleischhack, Scott Zuyderduyn, Xi Huang, Andrey Korshunov, Jacqueline E. Schein, Steven C. Clifford, Ute Bartels, V. Peter Collins, Peter B. Dirks, Stuart Matan-Lithwick, Claudia C. Faria, Daniel W. Fults, Xiao-Nan Li, Tobey J. MacDonald, Yusanne Ma, Mikhail Bilenky, Inanc Birol, Gary D. Bader, Nina Thiessen, Anne Bendel, Marc Remke, Eloi Mercier, Alex Manno, Haiyan I. Li, William A. Weiss, Stéphanie Puget, Noreen Dhalla, Marco A. Marra, Wendy J. Ingram, Sohrab P. Shah, Stefan M. Pfister, Ulrich Schüller, José Pimentel, Jaroslav Sterba, Marcel Kool, Ronald L. Hamilton, Lei Qin, Seung-Ki Kim, An He, Trevor J. Pugh, Stephen C. Mack, Kory Zayne, Xin Wang, Yoon Jae Cho, Kyu-Chang Wang, Patryk Skowron, Betty Luu, Ian F. Pollack, Cynthia Hawkins, Erwin G. Van Meir, Salomeh Jelveh, Andrew J. Mungall, Caitlin Hoffman, Andrew W. Walter, Helen Wheeler, Adi Rolider, Young Cheng, Michael K. Cooper, A. Sorana Morrissy, Jüri Reimand, Uri Tabori, Michael Mayo, Hamza Farooq, Florence M.G. Cavalli, Maria Luisa Garrè, Eric Bouffet, Adrian Ally, Richard A. Moore, Yongjun Zhao, Duncan Stearns, William Long, Richard Corbett, Karel Zitterbart, Yisu Li, Jeffrey H. Wisoff, Tina Wong, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, Simon Bailey, Yuan Yao Thompson, Lara S. Collier, Luca Massimi, Andrew R. Hallahan, Byung Kyu Cho, Torsten Pietsch, David Lyden, Teiji Tominaga, Angela Tam, James Garvin, Roger J. Packer, John Peacock, Jeffrey J. Olson, Karey Shumansky, Adam J. Dupuy, Kane Tse, David A. Largaespada, Sandra E. Dunn, David T.W. Jones, Young Shin Ra, Patricia Lindsay, Tarek Shalaby, Rebecca Carlsen, Patrick Plettner, Andrew Roth, Chelsea Mayoh, Karen Mungall, Charles G. Eberhart, Xiaochong Wu, Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli, Sofia Nunes, Jenny Q. Qian, David Malkin, Maura Massimino, John J.Y. Lee, Steven J.M. Jones, Stephan Tippelt, Carolina Nor, and Noriyuki Kijima

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, DNA Mutational Analysis, Clone (cell biology), Medizin, Biology, Article, Targeted therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Craniospinal Irradiation, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Selection, Genetic, Cerebellar Neoplasms, Medulloblastoma, Multidisciplinary, Genome, Human, Cancer, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Human genetics, 3. Good health, Clone Cells, Radiation therapy, Clinical trial, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Drosophila melanogaster, Immunology, Human genome, Female, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Radiotherapy, Image-Guided, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The development of targeted anti-cancer therapies through the study of cancer genomes is intended to increase survival rates and decrease treatment-related toxicity. We treated a transposon-driven, functional genomic mouse model of medulloblastoma with 'humanized' in vivo therapy (microneurosurgical tumour resection followed by multi-fractionated, image-guided radiotherapy). Genetic events in recurrent murine medulloblastoma exhibit a very poor overlap with those in matched murine diagnostic samples (

Published
2015

7. Magnetic Storms and Upper-Atmospheric Ionisation

Author

E. V. Appleton and L. J. Ingram

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Observatory, Storm, Ionosphere, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric ionisation, Geology
Abstract

Now that measurements of upper-atmospheric ionisation can be made, using methods of radio exploration, it is of interest to see whether abnormal values of ionisation density are associated with periods of magnetic activity. We have conducted such an inquiry using the measurements of ionisation density in Region F2 of the ionosphere made at the Radio Research Station, Slough, together with the daily magnetic character figures from the Abinger Observatory supplied to us by the Astronomer Royal.

Published
1935
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8. X-Ray Inhibition of Urethan-Stimulated Proliferation of Lung Cells of the Mouse as Estimated by Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine

Author

Beryl J. Ingram, William A. Foley, Leonard J. Cole, and T. Timothy Crocker

Subjects
Lung Neoplasms, Tritium, medicine.disease_cause, Urethane, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Carcinogen, Multidisciplinary, Research, X-Rays, Neoplasms, Experimental, Metabolism, respiratory system, Radiation Effects, chemistry, Biochemistry, Toxicity, Carcinogens, Nucleic acid, Thymidine, Carcinogenesis, DNA
Abstract

X-Ray Inhibition of Urethan-Stimulated Proliferation of Lung Cells of the Mouse as Estimated by Incorporation of Tritiated Thymidine

Published
1963
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11. Crystal structure of a substrate-engaged SecY protein-translocation channel.

Author

Li L, Park E, Ling J, Ingram J, Ploegh H, and Rapoport TA

Subjects
Binding Sites, Crystallography, X-Ray, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Lipid Bilayers chemistry, Lipid Bilayers metabolism, Models, Molecular, Protein Sorting Signals, Protein Structure, Tertiary, SEC Translocation Channels, SecA Proteins, Adenosine Triphosphatases chemistry, Adenosine Triphosphatases metabolism, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Membrane Transport Proteins chemistry, Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism
Abstract

Hydrophobic signal sequences target secretory polypeptides to a protein-conducting channel formed by a heterotrimeric membrane protein complex, the prokaryotic SecY or eukaryotic Sec61 complex. How signal sequences are recognized is poorly understood, particularly because they are diverse in sequence and length. Structures of the inactive channel show that the largest subunit, SecY or Sec61α, consists of two halves that form an hourglass-shaped pore with a constriction in the middle of the membrane and a lateral gate that faces lipid. The cytoplasmic funnel is empty, while the extracellular funnel is filled with a plug domain. In bacteria, the SecY channel associates with the translating ribosome in co-translational translocation, and with the SecA ATPase in post-translational translocation. How a translocating polypeptide inserts into the channel is uncertain, as cryo-electron microscopy structures of the active channel have a relatively low resolution (~10 Å) or are of insufficient quality. Here we report a crystal structure of the active channel, assembled from SecY complex, the SecA ATPase, and a segment of a secretory protein fused into SecA. The translocating protein segment inserts into the channel as a loop, displacing the plug domain. The hydrophobic core of the signal sequence forms a helix that sits in a groove outside the lateral gate, while the following polypeptide segment intercalates into the gate. The carboxy (C)-terminal section of the polypeptide loop is located in the channel, surrounded by residues of the pore ring. Thus, during translocation, the hydrophobic segments of signal sequences, and probably bilayer-spanning domains of nascent membrane proteins, exit the lateral gate and dock at a specific site that faces the lipid phase.

Published
2016
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