Search

The article discusses the scientific publishing contributions of North and West Europe to the Nature Index database in 2014. Topics mentioned include the role of investment and talent recruitment in the region's output in the Index, the region's article and weighted fractional count, the pattern of top five universities' relative subject area distribution and collaborativeness and top three country collaborations, and dominance of British universities in research.

The article discusses the science research done by North and Western Europe. Topics include the research and finance of Germany, the research and development initiative of the European Union, and the researcher strength of various European countries. Great Britain leading in researches in life sciences, and those conducted by universities across Europe are also mentioned. Several charts listing the research detains of the European nations are also given.

The article discusses a research paper on daily temperatures in Europe from climate observation stations across the continent, which references a study by Martin Beniston et al., published in a 2015 issue of the "Climatic Change."

Protracted global conflicts during the past decade have led to repeated major humanitarian protection crises in Europe. During the height of the Syrian refugee crisis at the end of 2015, Europe hosted around 2.3 million people requesting asylum 1 . Today, the ongoing war in Ukraine has resulted in one of the largest humanitarian emergencies in Europe since World War II, with more than eight million Ukrainians seeking refuge across Europe 2 . Here we explore whether repeated humanitarian crises threaten to exhaust solidarity and whether Europeans welcome Ukrainian asylum seekers over other asylum seekers 3,4 . We conducted repeat conjoint experiments during the 2015-2016 and 2022 refugee crises, asking 33,000 citizens in 15 European countries to evaluate randomly varied profiles of asylum seekers. We find that public preferences for asylum seekers with specific attributes have remained remarkably stable and general support has, if anything, increased slightly over time. Ukrainian asylum seekers were welcomed in 2022, with their demographic, religious and displacement profile having a larger role than their nationality. Yet, this welcome did not come at the expense of support for other marginalized refugee groups, such as Muslim refugees. These findings have implications for our theoretical understanding of the drivers and resilience of public attitudes towards refugees and for policymakers tasked to find effective responses to the enduring stress on the asylum system 5-8 ., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The article discusses the contributions of Central and East Europe to the scientific publishing database Nature Index in 2014. Topics cited include the challenges in social change and economic stagnation facing the region, article and weighted fractional count of the region, and the pattern of top five institutions' relative subject area distribution and collaborativeness.

During the Early Bronze Age, populations of the western Eurasian steppe expanded across an immense area of northern Eurasia. Combined archaeological and genetic evidence supports widespread Early Bronze Age population movements out of the Pontic-Caspian steppe that resulted in gene flow across vast distances, linking populations of Yamnaya pastoralists in Scandinavia with pastoral populations (known as the Afanasievo) far to the east in the Altai Mountains 1,2 and Mongolia 3 . Although some models hold that this expansion was the outcome of a newly mobile pastoral economy characterized by horse traction, bulk wagon transport 4-6 and regular dietary dependence on meat and milk 5 , hard evidence for these economic features has not been found. Here we draw on proteomic analysis of dental calculus from individuals from the western Eurasian steppe to demonstrate a major transition in dairying at the start of the Bronze Age. The rapid onset of ubiquitous dairying at a point in time when steppe populations are known to have begun dispersing offers critical insight into a key catalyst of steppe mobility. The identification of horse milk proteins also indicates horse domestication by the Early Bronze Age, which provides support for its role in steppe dispersals. Our results point to a potential epicentre for horse domestication in the Pontic-Caspian steppe by the third millennium BC, and offer strong support for the notion that the novel exploitation of secondary animal products was a key driver of the expansions of Eurasian steppe pastoralists by the Early Bronze Age., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research which revealed that the plague-causing Yersinia pestis bacteria was reintroduced from Asia, referencing a study by Nils Christian Stenseth from the University of Oslo published in the journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" in 2015.