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The article discusses about the Chinese government investing in universities and research institutes. Topics include the increase in researchers and research articles in China, and fundamental reforms needed to improve the quality of research. Recruiting world class professionals and mentoring junior staff, assessing the salary and promotion of the faculty every three years, and merged tenure system are also mentioned. The steps taken at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) are also given.

An introduction is presented in which the editors present a supplement on China's Nature Index, a snapshot of results for Chinese research papers published for year 2013 that features the cities, institutions, and individuals who contributed high-quality research comprising scientific disciplines.

The article presents Hefei, China's contribution to the Nature Index based on weighted fractional count of scientific articles published in 2013, with the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) as the city's largest contributing institution. USTC's contributed papers include topics on chemistry such as the development of graphene-like materials and carbon aerogels, and on physics like quantum optics. The Hefei University of Technology focused on engineering topics like nanowires.

The article presents Shenzhen, China's contribution to the Nature Index based on weighted fractional count of scientific articles published in 2013, with the BGI Shenzhen, formerly the Beijing Genomics Institute as the city's largest contributing institution. BGI's contributed papers include topics on the genomes of bats, domestic goats and green turtles, while Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology's output is on chemistry, such as articles on quantum dots and amplification binding assays.

A letter to the editor is presented in which the author agrees with Jie Zhang, President of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China, who said that change is needed to improve the Chinese research papers quality.