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The article discusses contributions by researchers in Australasia and Pacific Islands to science and technology research. Topics include research output and science spending in New Zealand and Australia. Budget cuts in Australia and increase in research budget by New Zealand is mentioned. Institutions including University of Sydney and Monash University in Australia and University of Auckland in New Zealand are mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research papers are included.

The article discusses contributions by researchers in East and Southeast Asia to science and technology research. Topics include investment in the science and technology research made in the East and Southeast Asia, total article count and research spending in China and Japan. Research in physical science and chemistry in institutions such as Peking University in China are mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research papers are included.

The article discusses contributions by researchers in Central and South Asia to science and technology research. Topics include research in physical sciences and chemistry and scientific output and investment in science and technology in India. Scientific institutions such as Indian Institutes of technology (IITs), L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University in Kazakhstan and Quaid-i-Azam University in Pakistan are mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research are included.

The article discusses contributions by researchers in Central, East and South Europe to science and technology research. Topics include expanding research base, institutional organizations and physical sciences research. Institutions including Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) and Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Russia and National Science Center in Poland are discussed. Academy of Sciences in Hungary is mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research papers are included.

The article discusses contributions by researchers in Middle and South America to science and technology research. Topics include investment in the science and technology investments made in the Middle and South America, total article count and physical sciences journals. University of Sao Paulo in Brazil and University of Chile is mentioned. Research funding in Argentina and Brazil are discussed. Charts presenting details of the research papers share are included.

The article discusses contributions by researchers in Africa to science and technology research. Topics include domestic science spending, international funding and research articles from Africa. African universities including Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia, University of the Witwatersrand and University of Cape Town (UCT) in South Africa are mentioned. Charts presenting details of the research papers are included.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including research articles published, number of researchers and research funding.

The article presents science news briefs as of April 23, 2015. Germany's ruling political parties have agreed to increase funding for science by €5 billion between 2018-2018. The journal "Meccanica" has retracted 11 papers authored by engineer Alberto Carpinteri over a conflict of interests stemming from Carpinteri's views on nuclear fission. Mexican President Enrique Peña announced a plan to save the vaquita, an endangered species of porpoise.

The article reports the Global Research Council, a federation of over 50 national research funders, has selected interdisciplinary research (IR) as one of its two annual themes for an in-depth report and debate by mid-2016. It states that the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) in Britain found items submitted to discipline-based REP panels underrepresent the amount of top IDR published by researchers in Britain. It considers problems complicating the collection of data concerning IDR.

The article discusses the need for institutions to join scientific journals and funding bodies in their effort to improve the reproducibility of research. Topics include incentives rewarded to researchers and institutions for high-profile publications, the establishment of anonymous or confidential reporting systems, and the use of audits and compliance with good institutional practice (GIP) to determine grants provided by funding bodies.

The article provides an overview of the scientific journal database Nature Index 2015 Global. Topics cited include the collaboration among scientists and their colleagues from other regions, dominance of Africa in terms of the level of collaboration, use of weighted fractional count to measure the performance of countries in scientific publishing, and rank of Israel in terms of research funding.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue concerning interdisciplinary science, the importance of communication in interdisciplinary science, and the increased time and expense required by interdisciplinary projects.

The article discusses the contributions of Central and East Europe to the scientific publishing database Nature Index in 2014. Topics cited include the challenges in social change and economic stagnation facing the region, article and weighted fractional count of the region, and the pattern of top five institutions' relative subject area distribution and collaborativeness.

The article discusses a move by Great Britain government funding agencies requiring grant applicants to show how they calculated the number of animals needed to make the results of an experiment statistically robust. Topics discussed include the responsibility of journals to ensure that the research published is reported in sufficient detail and the importance of ensuring that the power of an animal experiment suits its purpose for funders and researchers to contribute.

The article reports that science spending has increased in South Korea. Topics discussed include national initiatives of President Park Geun-hye which included increasing science capabilities, having more research programs to attract well-educated workforce, investment by the government in nanotechnology and nuclear fusion due to less energy resources and stem-cell research by the laboratory of researcher Woo Suk Hwang, which was known as Seoul National University.

The article presents the author's opinions on Chinese policy regarding science research and finance, focusing on the opportunities of younger scholars. Assertions are made advocating for younger researchers to be given adequate funding and resources to develop Chinese learning and scholarship. Topics addressed include scholar retention, general trends in science investment, and the difficulties facing newly graduated Chinese doctoral students.

The global burden of neurological, neuropsychiatric, substance-use and neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries is worsened, not only by the lack of targeted research funding, but also by the lack of relevant in-country research capacity. Such capacity, from the individual to the national level, is necessary to address the problems within a local context. As for many health issues in these countries, the ability to address this burden requires development of research infrastructure and a trained cadre of clinicians and scientists who can ask the right questions, and conduct, manage, apply and disseminate research for practice and policy. This Review describes some of the evolving issues, knowledge and programmes focused on building research capacity in low- and middle-income countries in general and for brain and nervous system disorders in particular.This article has not been written or reviewed by Nature editors. Nature accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers science news briefs as of October 2-8, 2015. A prize for innovations in waste carbon dioxide conversion from power plants was announced by the nonprofit group XPRIZE Foundation Inc. Neuroscientist Milena Penkowa was sentenced to a prison term due to forgery in research involving rodents. The nonprofit organization Kavli Foundation is funding the creation of neuroscience institutes for basic research.

The article highlights the scientific publishing contributions of Central and South Asia to the Nature Index database in 2014. Topics cited include the region's article and weighted fractional count, the pattern of top five universities' relative subject area distribution and collaborativeness, challenges in scientific success faced by smaller countries, and state of funding in research in India.

Scientists in areas that lack basic provisions -- including dependable electricity, water supplies and funding -- do research that has a high societal impact. Five people describe the challenges they face.Scientists in areas that lack basic provisions do research that has a high societal impact. Five people describe the challenges they face., Author(s): Josie GlausiuszAuthor Affiliations:How to deliver sound science in resource-poor regions Water supplies are scarce in parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo because of poor infrastructure. [see PDF [...]

Government-funded research, conference travel and visas are all touched by the situation. Conference travel, research visas, science funding and security clearance are all touched by the geopolitics., Author(s): Andrew Silver, Jeff Tollefson, Elizabeth Gibney Author Affiliations: How US-China political tensions are affecting science US President Donald Trump with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Florida in 2017. [see [...]

Author(s): Elie Dolgin US President Donald Trump wants to gut government funding for biomedical research, but an analysis suggests that projects backed by the country's National Institutes of Health (NIH) [...]

US$112.5-million settlement concerning fraudulent data is a casualty of a culture that prizes impact over robustness, says Arturo Casadevall. US$112.5-million settlement concerning fraudulent data is a casualty of a culture that prizes impact over robustness, says Arturo Casadevall., Author(s): Arturo Casadevall Author Affiliations: Duke University's huge misconduct fine is a reminder to reward rigour Last week, Duke University announced it would pay the US government US$112.5 million to [...]

Granting bodies have to do more to stop corporate money from distorting science, says Linda Bauld.Granting bodies have to do more to stop corporate money from distorting science., Author(s): Linda BauldAuthor Affiliations:Funders must be wary of industry alliances Do you consider yourself a type A personality -- ambitious and impatient? If so, you can thank the tobacco industry [...]

Initiatives include a national list of cases, a blacklist of 'poor quality' journals and a government agency that is responsible for policing misconduct.Blacklist of 'poor quality' journals and a government agency to police misconduct form included in the initiative., Author(s): David CyranoskiAuthor Affiliations:China introduces sweeping reforms to crack down on academic misconduct The Chinese Academy of Sciences will work with the science ministry to set standards for appropriate [...]