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One new cyclohexenone derivative, asperfumtone A (1) along with six known compounds were obtained from the coculture of Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata associated with Coffea arabica. The configuration of 2 was first reported in the research. The structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses, and ECD calculation. Compounds 3, 4 and 7 showed significant antifungal activities against coffee phytopathogens A. alternata and Fusarium incarnatum with MICs of 1 μg/mL. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antifungal activities against A. alternata and F. incarnatum with MICs of 32–64 μg/mL.

A new bergamotane sesquiterpenoid, fumigatanol (1), along with nine known compounds (2-10) were isolated from the Aconitum-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus M1. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, ECD experiment and NMR computational method. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of compound 1 were evaluated and no obvious antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were observed at concentrations of 256 μg/mL and 40.00 μM, respectively.

A new antifungal butenolide irperide (1) along with five known compounds were isolated from the co-culture of endophyte Irpex lacteus and pathogenic Nigrospora oryzae. The structure of 1, including the absolute configuration, was elucidated by analysis of NMR, HR-ESI-MS data and ECD spectra. Compounds 1, 4 and 6 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, with MIC values of 1, 2 and 1 ��g/mL, respectively.

A new highly oxygenated cycloheptane derivative crustane (

Red ginseng (RG) is one of the most popular herbal medicines and used as a dietary supplement in recent years. The bioactive ingredient in RG can induce the production of novel microbial metabolite from fermented RG. Using the one strain-many compounds strategy, the reinvestigation of the metabolites from Daldinia eschscholzii JC-15 cultured in red ginseng medium led to the isolation of an unprecedented benzopyran-naphthalene hybrid, daldinsin (1) and a new lactone (2). In this research, a new lactone, 8-hydroxylhelicascolide A (2) instead of helicascolide A was produced by the D. eschscholzii JC-15 induced by the red ginseng medium. Compound 1 showed anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with the inhibition ratio of 38.8% at 50 μM. Compound 2 indicated antimicrobial activities against Fusarium Solani, F. oxysporum, and Escherichia coli with MICs at 128 μg/mL. RG is therefore a promising activator in production of novel microbial metabolite.

A new dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloid, (-)-grandifloramine (1), together with five known ones, actinodaphnine (2), N-methyllaurotetanine (3), boldine (4), lindcarpine (5), and (+)-norboldine (6), were isolated from Illigera grandiflora W. W. Sm. et J. F. Jeff. The structure of 1 was identified by HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 and 2 exhibited the moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and 3 showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. This is the first report of the chemical constituents of I. grandiflora.

A new dimeric monoterpene indole alkaloid polonidine A (

A new tremulane sesquiterpene, lactedine (

Five new benzopyran derivatives (2–6) and a new natural product (1) were isolated from endophytic Daldinia eschscholzii in Dendrobium chrysotoxum and determined as (R)-2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (1), (2R, 4S)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol (2), (R)-3-methoxyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxy phenyl)-butan-1-one (3), 7-O-α-d-ribosyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (4), 7-O-α-d-ribosyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-chromen-4-one (5), daldinium A (6). These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, anti-acetylcholinesterase, nitric oxide inhibition, anticoagulant, photodynamic antimicrobial activities and glucose uptake of adipocytes. Some compounds showed photoactive antimicrobial activities and glucose uptake stimulating activities.

A new natural mycotoxin was isolated from the fermentation broth of Trichoderma sp. Jing-8 and the structure was determined as alternariol 1′-hydroxy-9-methyl ether (1), together with twelve known compounds. The structures were elucidated on the basis of their 1D, 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 1, 8 and 9 indicated inhibitions against germination of the seeds of cabbage with MICs 1 showed the antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MICs at 64 μg/mL. Compound 1 and 3 showed significant DPPH radical-scavenging activities with IC50 at 12 μg/mL, respectively. The OH at C-1′ in compound 1 decreased the cytotoxicity of these mycotoxins. A primary structure–activity relationship about the alternariol derivatives was discussed. Compounds 2–7 and 8 were the first time to be isolated from the Trichoderma.

Two new compounds (9 and 10) having a camptothecin (CPT) analog conjugated to the 4β-azido-4-deoxypodophyllotixin analog by untilizing the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditon (CuAAC) reactio...

A new C20-diterpenoid alkaloid carmichaedine (1) and six known alkaloids (2-7) were isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/mL.

Five new benzopyran derivatives (

Two new oxidation products-related aureonitol and cytochalasan were isolated from Chaetomium globosum fermented in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) and determined as 10,11-dihydroxyl- aureonitol (1) and yamchaetoglobosin A (2). Compound 2 indicated significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated macrophages, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with the inhibition ratios of 92.5, 38.2% at 50 μM, and cytotoxicity to HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7 and SW480 with the range of inhibition ratio at 51–96% for a concentration of 40 μM. Compounds 1, 2 showed weak anticoagulant activity with PT at 16.8 s. Few work was reported on the anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anticoagulant activities of aureonitol, and cytochalasan derivatives. The preliminary structure–activity relationship stated that the oxidation ring-opening in yamchaetoglobosin A can retain the inhibitory effect against NO production and tumor cell.

A new benzamide (1) and four known compounds (2-5) were isolated from endophytic Streptomyces YIM67086, and their structures were determined as 2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzamide (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), N-acetyltyramine (4) and p-hydroxytruxinic acid (5). Compound 5 was first found in the microorganism. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1-5 and antioxidant activity of compound 1 were investigated.

Two new metabolites named koninginins R-S (1–2) were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma koningiopsis YIM PH30002. Their chemical structures were elucidated by the extensive spectroscopic analysis. These isolated compounds showed certain antifungal activities against phytopathogens, Fusarium flocciferum and Fusarium oxysporum.

A new C

A new flavone C-glycoside, apigenin 6-C-α-arabinofuranosyl 8-C-α-arabinopyranoside (1) and a new bibenzyl, bulbotetusine (2), were isolated from the tubers of Bulbophyllum retusiusculum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 2 was determined by the comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no obvious cytotoxic activity against any five human tumour cell lines with IC50 values >40 μM.

The branches and leaves of Pyrus pashia are used to cure abdominal pain and diarrhoea in Chinese folk medicine. A new phenilic compound, 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzyl-benzoate ester (1), along with 21 known ones (2–22) were isolated from the branches and leaves of this plant. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed remarkable antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (IC50 = 13.26 ± 0.04 μM, 13.28 ± 0.11 μM, respectively), which were at the same grade as positive control rutin. The caffeoyl group in compounds 2 and 3 was supposed to play an important role in the antioxidant activities.

A new C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloid, ducloudine F (1), was obtained from the roots of Aconitum duclouxii, along with eight known alkaloids (2-9) isolated from this species for the first time. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds were investigated.

One new cyclic tetrapeptide, cyclo(l-Tyr-l-Pro-l-Phe-trans-4-hydroxy-l-Pro) (1), together with two known cyclodipeptides, cyclo(l-Phe-trans-4-hydroxy-l-Pro) (2) and cyclo(l-Val-l-Tyr) (3), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. YIM67005 associated with Inula cappa DC. The planar structure of compound 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, while the absolute configurations of the amino acid residues were determined by the application of the advanced Marfey method. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of compound 1 were investigated.

Four known compounds had been isolated from the Streptomyces sp. YIM66017, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis as 2,6-dimethoxy terephthalic acid (1), yangjinhualine A (2), α-hydroxyacetovanillone (3) and cyclo(Gly-Trp) (4). Compound 1 was isolated from natural resources for the first time, and compounds 2–4 were isolated from streptomycetes for the first time. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity assays showed that 1 showed higher activity than rutin with IC50 of 4.61 μg/mL and 2 showed the activity with IC50 of 57.12 μg/mL.

A new daidzein derivative, 1″-O-methyl-8-hydroxymethyl-daidzein (1) was isolated from Streptomyces sp. YIM 65408 in soybean powder containing medium. The structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analyses. The radical-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of compound 1 were also investigated, and 1 was found to be more active than daidzein in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method with IC50 at 0.60 mmol/L, but no cytotoxicity of 1 against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines was shown. The possible biosynthesis pathway from daidzein (2) to compound 1 was proposed.