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Chemical investigation on the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Begonia sp. afforded a new steroid glycoside, 9(11)α,16(17)α-dioxirane-20,25-dihydroxy-β-sitosterol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) along with a known steroidal glycoside, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). The Chemical structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. Cytotoxicity against four different cancer cell lines (HeLa, T47D, WiDr and Vero) was assessed. Compound 1 was more potent and selective against breast cancer cell line (T47D) than other cell lines with an IC50 value of 0.16 µg/mL. Further docking study of 1 exhibited the preference of molecule to bind in the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) binding pockets with docking scores of −97.8800 (PLANTS) and −3.56 kcal/mol (AutoDock 4.2.6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid, eudesma-4(15),7-diene-5,11-diol (1) along with the known trinor-sesquiterene, teuhetenone (2), and aseco-eudesmane sesquiterpene, chabrolidione B (3), have been isolated from the Red Sea red algaLaurencia obtusa. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal and cytotoxic activities of the isolated metabolites were tested against several fungi, yeast and human mammary carcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Compounds1and3showed a much better activity [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 2.9 μM] than that of amphotericin B (MIC: 4.6 μM). Interestingly, compound2, the least active antifungal compound, retained the high anticancer activity against MCF-7 (22 μM) in comparison with cisplatin (59 μM), which was determined by employing lactate dehydrogenase assay. Compounds1–3are recorded here for the first time from algal flora. The chemotaxonomic importance of the isolated metabolites was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This review reports the structural diversity of steroids from Sarcophyton species based on literature from the beginning of marine steroid research until now. There are 65 compounds studied from eight species. Most of them are polyhydroxy-type steroids of C-27–C-31 carbon skeleton. Their biological activities are highly diverse ranging from cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic to antiosteoporosis properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation of the soft coralSarcophyton glaucumcollected from the Red Sea led to isolation of 11 isoprenoidal metabolites (1–11). A new sesquiterpenoid, 6-oxo-germacra-4(15),8,11-triene (1), a new natural cembranoid, sarcophinediol, along with two known sesquiterpenoids (2and3) and seven known cembranoids (5–11) was obtained. The structures of the compounds were established based on their NMR, MS, IR and UV spectral data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity employing three cancer cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7 and HCT116). Compounds4and6showed significant cytotoxicity towards HepG2 with IC50values of 18.8 ± 0.07 and 19.9 ± 0.02 μM; respectively. Compounds5–7exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50values of 9.9 ± 0.03, 2.4 ± 0.04 and 3.2 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. Compounds1,4and5showed significant activities towards HCT116 cells with IC50values of 29.4 ± 0.03, 19.4 ± 0.02 and 25.8 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A new ketosteroid, 6β,16β-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (1), in addition to the known 6β-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (2), 6β-hydroxycholest-4,22-dien-3-one (3) and 16β-hydroxy-5α-cholestan-3,6-dione (4), was isolated from the red alga Jania adhaerens. The structures were assigned on the basis of (1)H- and (13)C-NMR experiments. The new compound (1) was evaluated for its genotoxic and cytotoxic activities and found to possess protective antigenotoxicity in human peripheral blood cells.