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In Until Justice Be Done, Masur widens her geographic scope and considers how the struggle for equality manifested itself all over the country, particularly in the Midwestern states. Writing about the mostly unknown Black activists in Ohio and Illinois, Masur describes how they worked tirelessly to repeal racist laws and create enclaves of Black achievement. Had Masur chosen to look west, she could also have included Mary Ellen Pleasant, an abolitionist and activist whose work earned her the moniker "the mother of human rights in California." Despite legal setbacks, unfavorable court decisions, and white supremacy, Black and white activists and advocates in the 19th century managed to make their belief in fairness and inclusion concerning Black civil rights the mainstream view. [Extracted from the article]

As its title suggests, Karl Marx: Philosophy and Revolution, by the distinguished Israeli political scientist Shlomo Avineri, is not, in spite of the "Jewish Lives" series for which it was written, primarily about Marx's Jewishness, such as it was. But Avineri does make a compelling case that for Marx, French Enlightenment universalism drew its long-lasting appeal from the short-lived emancipation of the Jews of the Rhineland, which also gave Marx a standard against which to judge the German state "as not really representing the general interests." Karl marx never publicly referred to his jewish background. Since it's unlikely that we can expect the appearance of a Zionist Marx, miraculously uniting Enlightenment universalism with Israeli nationalism, we are left with one final question: Should we prefer Avineri's social democratic Marx over the older revolutionary Marx?. [Extracted from the article]

FEATURES Rio de Janeiro Glenn Greenwald, a cofounder of The Intercept and The Intercept Brasil, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service and the George Polk Award in 2014 and Brazil's Vladimir Herzog Human Rights Award in 2020. HOW DID BRAZIL LEAP FROM BEING a center-left country that fit comfortably into the mainstream ideological wing of the Western neoliberal order to one ruled by a figure as extreme as Bolsonaro? Similarly, in 2015, Bolsonaro responded to an Amnesty International report that stated Brazil's police kill more people than any other country's by saying, "I think what the Military Police has to do is kill more." After decades of being told Brazil is a "developing country" or part of the "Third World" or "Global South", many Brazilians felt, not unreasonably, that if Bolsonaro were similar to the president of the richest and most powerful country on the planet, he must be doing something right. [Extracted from the article]

J Street, a nonprofit advocacy group that describes itself as "pro-Israel, pro-peace", commissioned exit polling of Jewish voters and found a 77-21 percent preference for Joe Biden over Donald Trump. Also, just 5 percent of Jews chose "Israel" as their first or second most important issue - and, being Jews, they disagree on that topic, too. Another group that appears OK with the anti-Semitism-for-pro-Israelism trade-off, alas, is Israeli Jews, among whom Trump's 70-13 percent polling matches his support among evangelicals. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information on political conditions in the U.S. during 2001. The national Pro-Democracy Convention, organized by the Institute for Policy Studies comes at a moment of more activism on voting rights and electoral reform than at any time since the 1960s. Across the United States more than 2 million presidential votes went uncounted in November 2000. Election officials actually discarded more ballots in Illinois than in Florida. Added to this are concerns about aging voting equipment, restrictive registration laws, failed implementation of the federal motor-voter law and bans on voting by former prisoners that continue to deny millions of citizens, especially people of color and the poor, full access to the franchise.

The article focuses on the book "A Berlin Republic: Writings on Germany," by Jürgen Habermas. For Habermas, learning from the past means that any future German republic must anchor itself firmly in the traditions of liberal democratic constitutionalism and respect for universal human, civil and political rights, including the social and economic rights gained by the working classes in welfare-state democracies. Only a vibrant civil society and an energetic public sphere, in which social movements create alternative associations and spaces along-side representative democratic institutions, can guarantee that liberal-democratic constitutionalism becomes a living culture rather than a dead tradition.

Last November 9.6 million Americans voted for third-party presidential candidates. Leaving aside political leader Ross Perot, whose total dropped some 60 percent, in 1996 non-major presidential candidates more than doubled their vote from 1992, from 570,000 to 1.5 million. The Reform Party in New Jersey and Connecticut has tiny core groups set up by former Perot campaign workers; in New York there is a much better established Independence Party with 70,000 registered members, a hill-fledged party structure and a modest impact on many local races.

This article focuses on various political issues around the world. The whole premise for Israel's deal with Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat, was that the Palestinians would be given territory and autonomy if they could maintain order and safety to Israel's satisfaction. The more they produced of the latter, the more they might get of the former. The political struggle in the South these past couple of weeks was not between Patrick Buchanan and Robert Dole, it was between the corporate leadership of the Republican party and the rank and file of the Christian Coalition. It was a light to determine who was the tail and who was the dog.

The article focuses on the most revealing report on the maltreatment and torture of political prisoners. It was written by William M. Carley, an American journalist, whose story appeared in "The Wall Street Journal." A typical though mild case is that of a respected lawyer, Esmeraldo Tarquinio, who had taken no part in politics before he was elected mayor of Santos, a port city of about 160,000. He was elected, but never served. The dictatorship considered him too outspoken and invoked the cassado, a decree which strips the victim of all political rights for ten years. He cannot vote or hold political office.

The United States has once again become entangled in a Latin America dilemma resulting from its own meandering policies in inter-American affairs. In this instance, the diplomatic blunder concerns Brazil, the largest, richest and most potent of the Latin American countries, where the government of President Artur da Costa e Silva last December 13 made official the nation's military dictatorship. Costa e Silva signed the Fifth Institutional Act, a decree without judicial appeal, which declared a state of siege, closed Congress and imposed press censorship. This was accompanied by a police roundup which resulted in the imprisonment of some 200 oppositionists. In supplementary action, the President deprived the Brazilians of their last vestige of political and individual rights.

The article presents information on the methods used by anti-war protesters in the United States. The dichotomy drawn between dissent and violating the law is deceptively sharp. Concealed is the fundamental conflict which exists between the individual's right to all effective means of expression and society's interest in prohibiting harmful conduct, a conflict that demands some mutual accommodation. The complexity of the issue not only marks it as an important constitutional question but also has relevance to moral judgments on borderline protest activity. As the moral logic of an individual's decision to disobey an unjust law is most often described, it requires weighing the fundamental value which the disputed law offends against the citizen's moral obligation to adhere to laws established by democratic procedures.

The article presents information on various political developments in the U.S. It is plain that sentiment in the U.S. has changed rapidly since the U.S. Senate passed the Dillingham bill to limit immigration. The country, it appears, is not yet ready to put up bars as high as some U.S. Senators would have it. And it is by no means ready to deny the right of political asylum, which here as in England has been one of the nation's glories ever since its foundation. The lecturer E.L. Thorndike's knowledge of German is about equivalent to that required for passing intermediate German, is much as though one were to describe the length of an object by saying, "It is about as long as a man can jump." Furthermore, the article also focuses on the fact that Americans who will set foot in Europe will find the land and cities the same as they had expected.

The article presents information on various political developments. The tendency to underestimate Congressional debate has been growing in recent years. Various and obvious causes have contributed to it. There has been, for example, the weariness with long "set speeches," either purely for buncombe or for time-killing. The selection on Monday or Mr. Frederick P. Keppel as dean of Columbia College has called forth many congratulations for the university. The new dean's ability and fine personal qualities are widely recognized. At thirty-five, he succeeds a man double his age, who has long carried the authority of years popularly associated with the high office of dean.

This article presents information on the political and social conditions of various nations. political world has sunk into pretty complete quiet. The Ballot Bill has pretty well come to an end; the House of Lords of Great Britain, has accepted it with a tolerably good grace, and has only been gratified by the agreement that the measure shall be reconsidered at the end of eight years. Just a month ago, several priests belonging to the Roman province, with their bishop's permission, accepted seats in the municipal councils of their villages, to which they had been elected by popular suffrage. The still existing congregation of the adjourned council immediately condemned them to the suspension a divinis, without even so much as giving them notice beforehand of the punishment which they had incurred, still less affording them means to defend themselves.

This article focuses on the opinions of Negro voters of Southern States of the U.S. in the run-up to presidential elections of 1952. A campaign is under way in Alabama to increase the number of Negro voters to 100,000 by election time, who would not have to pay the toll tax and would be eligible to vote. However, many obstacles are still being placed in the way of Negroes who seek to qualify for vote. The greatest obstacle to the Negro's full participation in the coming election is the apathy that exists in rural areas, primarily because Negroes have been deprived of the vote so long that it will take time to teach them the value of exercising their rights.

The article provides information about publishers and forthcoming publications. It is now announced by his publishers, Macmillan & Co. that Goldwin Smith will, on his return from England, take up the foreshadowed second volume of his political history of the United States; but he has also in preparation for the press a book of essay setting forth his well-known and often unpopular views on questions of the day, such as the Jewish question, the Irish question, woman suffrage, prohibition, etc. Harper & Bros. make a holiday book of "The Masters and Masterpieces of Engraving," by Wilhs O. Chapin, illustrated with sixty examples from Durer to representative American engravers.

Presents several letters to the editor. Information on the elections in Virginia; Information on the proposed monetary conference ; Information on the issue of free coinage.

Presents several letters to the editor. Information on women suffrage in Massachusetts; Information on political systems; Information on the social condition of the working class.

Presents letters to the editor related to several issues. Discussion on objectives of education; Comments on the restriction of suffrage to freemen having fifty acres real state in Maryland; Importance of wine business to grape growers.

This article presents information on various socio-political and administrative developments in the U.S. and from around the world. One of them being a report on the Franchise Bill, which was brought in, public attention but little has been said about the bill. There can be no doubt that the debates on it will be the chief pitched battle of the session. Notice has been given of several amendments to the second reading, the most important of which, as coming from a leader of the Opposition, Great Britain, is that of Lord John Manners. Another being a report on the German parliament.

This article discusses the Section 2 of the fourteenth amendment of the U.S. constitution with respect to the right of African-Americans to vote. In the current debate over methods of assuring that the African-Americans in the South of the U.S. have the right to vote, very little attention has been paid to Section 2 of-the Fourteenth Amendment of the constitution. For many years major interest in this Amendment has focused on Section 1, which prohibits the states from denying to any person due process of law or equal protection of the laws. Not many people are aware that those who framed and adopted the Fourteenth Amendment viewed Section 2, rather than Section 1, as its most important provision.

The article discusses some of the political updates related to the U.S. At public meetings of various kinds, the issue of the Negroes' political rights has been made the theme of debate. The U.S. President's attitude, with that of the U.S. Senate, in the case of the few select Negroes whom he has named for Federal office; has aroused thought and provoked an agitation which bids fair to go to the root of things. In the course of the sharp interchange of epithets in the U.S., when the conference report on the Army Bill was under debate, Congressman and Speaker-to-be Joseph Gurney Cannon made a remark about the Senate's methods of transacting business. The snug little Privy Council has grown to a body of ninety members and some of them delight to trample upon the ancient amenities.

Presents letters to the editor commenting on various issues. Importance of giving voting rights to women; Controversy related to the construction of a park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Views in favor of the Civil Service system in the U.S.

The article presents incidents related to the U.S. politics. The Thirty-ninth Congress of the United States has just closed its first session, having submitted its policy to the country, after long consideration and debate. By its fruits it will be judged and the judgment to be passed upon it is the main question at issue in the approaching political campaign. So far as the non-political rights of the colored people are concerned, U.S. Congress has displayed a delay in forming a reconstruction policy. Another event refers to the incident of reducing power of Confederates in the United States.

A curious anomaly, in the inrush of Fascist anomalies whereby Italy is being inundated every day, is that the new plan of municipal reform places Rome on the same level as the small municipalities which have a population of not more than 5,000. Except for Rome, the recent legislation does not touch the municipalities that have a population of over 5,000. These will continue to be governed by an elected council and a mayor, or syndic, chosen from the councilors. But all municipalities that have only 5,000 inhabitants or less are henceforward deprived of all civic rights.

With the introduction into the U.S. House of Representatives of a constitutional amendment designed especially to prevent students from voting in a university town, the current movement in the states to that purpose has reached its culmination. The amendment, sponsored by fifteen members, including Donald Clancy, Samuel Devine and five other Ohio Republicans, follows Republican governor Nelson Rockefeller's signing of a bill which would, if upheld in the courts make it almost impossible for New York State students to vote in the towns where they attend college. Barring students from voting in a university town is no new phenomenon. It began with Maine's constitution in 1819, and has continued today to the point where the statutes of at least twenty-four states specify for student registrants rules different from those applied to almost all other groups of voters.

In "Woman's Suffrage by Constitutional Amendment," by Henry St. Georga Tucker does not argue for or against the extension of the elective franchise to woman. His aim is to show that an amendment to the Federal Constitution granting them the right of suffrage "is opposed to the genius of the instrument itself and subversive of one of the most important principles incorporated in it." The author's prime contention, however, is not that the proposed amendment would be rendered ineffective by turbulent opposition in the dissenting States, but that its adoption would form an unfortunate precedent. If control of suffrage is to pass from the States to the nation, there is no reason why a similar transfer should not be made of the power to regulate the marriage relation, the devolution of property, the sale of liquors, the rules relating to negotiable instruments and to contracts of every kind.

Political writing and popular influence upon government go hand in hand. At present, there is a debate about protection and free trade, with women's suffrage and above all with the question of Home Rule for Ireland. Much had been done to improve the condition of the Irish people and to give them better government, but their government was not yet suited to the needs of a free people, since it was not administered by Cabinet officials responsible to a legislature chosen by the people. Home Rule would remedy all the problems by giving to Irishmen the self-government which their circumstances required. With their own Parliament a multitude of things neglected now and long neglected would receive adequate attention.

This article presents information regarding political developments in the world as well as in the U.S. The speech of ex-Senator Gary Aldrich to the Academy of Political Science, in this city, reviewing and criticizing the banking bill now pending in the U.S. Congress, was an interesting contribution to the discussion. Every thoughtful citizen of New York State must regard it as unfortunate that the judges of the Court of Appeals divided, 5 to 4, and 6 to 3, in the vote declaring Gov. William Sulzer guilty on three of the articles of impeachment.

This article presents information on political and social issues of several nations. U.S. President Andrew Johnson, has delivered himself to a "distinguished senator" on the subject of Afro-American suffrage in the District of Columbia, as well as upon the proposed amendments to the Constitution changing the basis of representation. If his remarks upon the attempt to establish Afro-American suffrage in the District be correctly reported, he will probably veto the bill. There is rumor of an alliance between Austria and France, which it is said Austria greatly desires, that she may be the better able to carry out her plans for internal reconstruction, and at the same time oppose an added force to the pretensions of Prussia. A good illustration of the difficulty of protecting the public against corporations by any system of inspection, has just been afforded in the case of the Columbian Marine Insurance Co., of New York City. This company suspended payment about ten days ago, to the consternation of its stockholders and creditors-but without surprising many people actually engaged in the insurance business.

This article presents information about several socio-political developments around the world, as of December 21, 1865. A protracted meeting was held in the New York city, at the Chamber of Commerce, of delegates from the American Freedmen's Aid Commission and the American Union Commission, which resulted in the adoption of a plan of union between the two bodies represented. The Mayor of Washington has graciously consented that there shall be a special election in that city to decide the question of "colored suffrage." The excitement in England about the Jamaica affair continues to increase, and has been aggravated by Governor's attack on the Baptist missionaries.

This article reports on political developments going around the world as of October 5, 1865. From the complete election returns of Colorado there appears a very large majority in favor of adopting the State constitution. The clause, which authorized Negro suffrage, was, however, defeated. G. Julain Harney writes to this journal that of the Polish immigrants for whom the public has for some time been looking, between seventy and eighty have already arrived, and more may be expected before the setting in of winter.

The article discusses the challenges of implementing democracy and providing civic education for Egyptian citizens after the end of the Hosni Mubarak government in 2011. Egyptian students and citizens are taking courses offered by the Egyptian Democratic Academy (EDA) that teach about socialism, democracy, and political participation. Challenges to Egyptian democracy are discussed including Islam in the constitution, political groups like the Muslim Brotherhood, and motivating political activism similar to that seen in Tahrir Square in Cairo, Egypt during the uprising of 2011.

The article discusses the new world order of 2008, and how it differs from the 1990s vision of civil and political rights. The article emphasizes that global North and global South areas have developed in regards to civil and political rights, and that developing nations and the global South have advanced economically. The article discusses the United Nation's Human Rights Council, and how the U.S. can aide the Council in leading the development of human and political rights.

The article focuses on issues related to the U.S. government. The U.S. administration's assault on the rights of government workers has a new target: political expression by their union officials. On February 26, 1985, the presidents of the three largest Federal employees' unions were charged with violating the Hatch Act, the 1939 law restricting political activity by Civil Servants. Kenneth Blaylock of the American Federation of Government Employee, Morris Biller of the American Postal Workers Union and Vincent Sombrotto of the National Association of Letter Carriers were accused of campaigning for political activist Walter Mondale and against President Ronald Reagan-specifically, of writing partisan articles in their union publications.

The article focuses on several political issues. "There is no fineness of suppression," Quebec-born novelist Saul Bellow once wrote. "When you suppress one thing, you suppress the adjacent." More than anything one will hear from the Canadian government, Bellow's statement helps explain why two books by anti-pornography feminist Andrea Dworkin, and truckloads of other U.S.-made cultural goods have been detained, banned and even burned by border guards in recent years. This epidemic of censorship shows how "progressive" controls on expression are bound to backfire. Canadian Customs censorship has existed for years, but escalated when a Canadian Supreme Court decision last year adopted anti-pornography feminism. Venezuelans said no to neo-liberalism on December 5. By 30 percent in a four-way race they elected as President Rafael Caldera, a populist who, despite his old roots in the country's political right, won the support of most left parties and campaigned vigorously against government policies of free markets, fiscal conservatism and indiscriminate privatization. Another 21 percent went to former steelworker Andres Velasquez and his Causa R, or Radical Cause, a somewhat mercurial party of the left.

A Mexican election is ordinarily a pretty dull affair. The government party takes possession of the polls, supporters of the opposition candidate are not permitted to vote, and the few who insist on their civic rights are given plenty of time to consider the consequences of their temerity while nursing a broken head. On some occasions the official vote-counters have actually had to invent opposition votes so as to make the returns look less suspiciously unanimous. The process is hardly peculiar to Mexico, but the Mexicans have their own word for it. They call it "imposition." Curiously enough, all these reprehensible doings take place under one of the most democratic election laws in the world.

This article presents information on socio-politics. It was at Williston, North Dakota, the other day that an old man arose in a political gathering to announce to the audience that he, a life-long Republican, for the first time in his life would vote the Democratic ticket. Whereupon arose another gray-head to say, "Well, I've voted the Democratic ticket all my life, but I'll be hanged if I'm going to vote for Wilson's man Cox. Harding for me." This incident is highly characteristic of the campaign. Never have party loyalties sat so loosely; never have there been more contradictory drifts of sentiment, never more confusing cross-currents.

This article presents the author's views on the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Susan B. Anthony, one of the greatest of the woman suffrage pioneers. Her anniversary coincides with woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution, U.S. which is within sight of its triumphant ratification. Whether justly or not, that amendment for many decades bore the name of Anthony, and it is commonly believed that she first suggested the policy of obtaining suffrage by national action instead of through that of individual States.

Presents several letters to the editor. Military conscription in England; Federal Suffrage Amendment in the U.S.; Economic policy for lowering prices.

The article focuses on the Hatch Act, which limits the political participation of government employees. It is a good example of law based on the assumption that some people merit fewer rights than do others. The Act states very simply that no officer or employee in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government or any agency or department thereof, shall take any active part in political management or in political campaigns. The Hatch Act was passed during the depression in the wake of criticism that Works Progress Administration funds were being used for political purposes.

U.S. President Andrew Johnson, on March 15, 1965, delivered what is now widely regarded as the most moving address of his career. His message was of "a purpose," which he paraphrased from the Declaration of Independence, that there must be a government by consent of substantially all the governed. Five times he expounded on that purpose without reservation, that the duty to bear allegiance to a government and its laws implies an equivalent right to select the governors, and that the free access of each to the ballot is the sole means by which government, periodically renews its just powers.

The article presents information related to political and educational issues in the U.S. The great evils of secrecy in the raising and expending of money to carry election are not confined to threat corruption of the suffrage by outright purchase of votes. Far too much of that has been done. The recent statement of Frank H. Dodd, president of the American Publishers' Association, regarding the decision of the Appellate Division as to right to fix prices of copyright books contains some significant comment on conditions in the book-trade. None of the Australasian experiments in government has attracted more attention in foreign countries than the system of industrial arbitration first projected in South Australia, then established in New Zealand, and next imported by New South Wales and Western Australia.

The author could not vote on Election Day. The author is not a Negro living in a Southern state. The author is neither a felon nor a minor. The author is a citizen of the District of Columbia. The author and his neighbors felt as strongly about many of the national issues raised in this campaign as any of their fellow Americans, but the author and his neighbors were barred from the ballot because they live in the U.S. capital. U.S. Congress enacts all local laws of Washington D.C., approves the tax rate and fixes the size of the annual budget of Washington D.C., and President of the U.S. appoints the District's executive officers and judges; but residents have no voice in choosing either the Congress or the President. As the author ask himself how this situation arose, he observe regretfully that not every District resident wants it changed.

The article reports on the amendments by the California legislature in its direct-primary act. The amendment give a person the right to become the candidate of more than one political party for the same office. This Cross-filing is attacked by Democrats and Republicans, by the American Federation of Labour and the Congress of Industrial Organization by the press, the League of Women Voters, and the National Municipal League. To understand why the cross-filing amendment was ever adopted it is useful to analyze the great economic upsurge that the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 produced in California.

This article focuses on various current international socio-political developments and issues. It first discusses opinions of judges of the Massachusetts Supreme Court as to the constitutionality of an act referring the question of woman suffrage to the people. There were three questions submitted by the Legislature to the court: first relating to the constitutionality of the act in granting to women the right to vote in town and city elections; second is related to the constitutional feasibility to provide effectiveness to this act in any town or city where a majority of the voters approved it; and third, arguing that would it be constitutional if it allowed women themselves to vote upon it? The article further discusses the new New York bill about libel and its consequences.

This article presents information on political developments in the United States. The renomination of the U.S. President Harrison was anticipated by everybody who has had an impartial eye for the proceedings of the Convention at Minneapolis. Americans doubt if many persons realize the full significance of the fact that their next Presidential election will be the first one in the history of the country to be decided by an absolutely secret ballot. There are now thirty-five States, more than three-quarters of the whole number, which have new ballot laws upon their statute books.

The article focuses on the effective suffrage during the time of the U.S. General Porfirio Diaz. euphemism. It is true that in the time of Diaz there was no suffrage and no pretense of it; but it is to be regretted that after the fight to obtain it and had for a moment seen it gleam, it should have again disappeared from the political horizon without leaving any hope for its reestablishment. Still, the lack of effective suffrage at present is not to be imputed exclusively to the fault of the political authorities, but in great part to the apathy and indifference of the citizens and above all to their skepticism of the good faith of those in power, consequent upon the crushing brutality of political leadership.

The returns from Nebraska are at last decisive as to the fate of the woman-suffrage amendment at the late election in that State. It has been lost by some twenty to thirty thousand majority. In other developments, following the overwhelming Democratic victories at the recent elections, the speculative markets at the Stock Exchange were unsettled and depressed, but this lasted only for little more than a day. These markets then turned toward higher prices, and have since continued in that direction for the stocks of the leading railroads.