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Gold nanorods (AuNRs) possess a high optical nonlinear coefficient, ultrafast optical response speed and widely tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength covering the visible and near infrared region. Therefore, they are extensively investigated for many optical applications. However, the poor thermal stability of the AuNRs seriously restricts their practical performance. In addition, for many applications, such as optical communication or laser modulation, AuNRs have to be combined with transparent solids, for example polymers, glass or crystals to make devices. Here, we report on the preparation of 0.23 mg AuNR dispersed methyl silicone resin (MSR) with longitudinal LSPR (L-LSPR) wavelength (1450 nm) in the optical communication window. We found that AuNR-silicone composites possess high thermal stability. After calcination in ambient environment at a temperature of 250 °C for 10 h, the L-LSPR peak of the sample can remain longer than 1380 nm, implying that the NR shape of the Au particles was well maintained. Using the open-aperture Z-scan technique, the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the composites was measured as −11.71 cm GW−1, higher than many nonlinear materials. Thus, the thermally stable AuNR@SiO2-MSR composite with high nonlinearity is promising for practical applications in the optical communication window.