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Recent substantial advancements in computational techniques, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), have raised the demand for smart self-powered devices. But since energy use is a worldwide issue that needs to be resolved immediately, cutting-edge technology should reduce energy consumption without affecting smart applications. Energy harvesting technology convert mechanical vibrations from the environment into electrical energy. Emerging AI technology which intends to meet the challenges of real world applications has open an interesting platform for some energy harvesting technologies, particularly piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). In this context, advancements in AI technologies for data processing in PENG and TENG are discussed. A brief discussion about the combination of NG output with machine learning algorithms applied to a range of applications, such as robotics, intelligent security systems, medical systems, sports, acoustic sensors, and object recognition, is provided. The primary challenges and potential alternatives of these technologies are also discussed.

This study presents a systematic investigation on the NiO-Mg mechanochemical reduction process to form in-situ ferromagnetic NiO-Ni-MgO nanocomposites and utilize them as positive triboelectric layers in the fabricated triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices for harvesting biomechanical energy in real-life applications. The structural and microstructural analyzes reveal a near-complete NiO reduction with three phases of face-centered-cubic structured nanocomposites. The magnetic study exhibits a robust ferromagnetic behavior. The correlative fractions of NiO and Ni phases eventually determine the overall structural and magnetic behavior of the nanocomposites. The coexisting ferromagnetic Ni and antiferromagnetic NiO phases determine the overall magnetic anisotropy induced ferromagnetism. The high temperature magnetization studies confirm the induced ferromagnetism caused by the higher Ni contents due to the NiO reduction. The nanocomposite, acting as a positive triboelectric layer, is successfully utilized for TENG device application, which helps to convert the accessible waste mechanical energy into suitable electrical energy. The fabricated TENG device with an area of 2cm × 2cm delivers the voltage of 35V, an electrical current of 130nA and a power density of 0.72µW/cm2at 108Ω load resistance. The demonstration of biomechanical energy harvesting using the fabricated TENG devices provides ways to utilize the ferromagnetic nanocomposite as a positive triboelectric layer, suitable for several energy harvesting device applications in daily life.