Search

This article explores the political economy of delayed retirement and its societal impact. It examines the conflict between official and civil discourse on proposals to raise the retirement age, arguing that prolonging labor benefits capitalists by increasing surplus value. The article criticizes neoclassical economics for its narrow focus on economic interests and advocates for a comprehensive understanding of social production and distribution. It emphasizes the importance of shortening the working day for human development and discusses the shift from "material dependence" to "free and comprehensive development." The text also addresses the paradox of old age and the failure to solve elder care despite increased wealth, attributing the issue to the capitalist mode of production. It suggests reforms such as building a socialist economic system, improving fiscal and financial systems, investing in social programs, and strengthening social and labor security while gradually reducing working hours. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the concept of extractivism and its role in the current ecological crisis. Extractivism refers to the global extraction of resources, which has been a key aspect of capitalism since the colonial era. The article focuses on the acceleration of resource extraction in the Global South, particularly in Latin America and Africa, and the devastating ecological consequences of this trend. It also delves into the historical roots of extractivism in the Marxist tradition and emphasizes the need for a critical analysis of its political, economic, and ecological dimensions. The article discusses Marx's analysis of appropriation and its connection to extractivism, highlighting the expropriation of land, bodies, and nature under capitalism. It also explores the concept of extractivist surplus, which encompasses excessive extraction processes and their negative impacts. The article concludes by emphasizing the urgency of addressing the capitalist expropriation of nature and transitioning to a more sustainable society that balances the relationship between humanity and the environment. The document includes a list of references and citations related to extractivism, capitalism, and the environment, providing a range of perspectives on the topic. [Extracted from the article]