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Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are structurally diverse natural products found in plants of the family Apocynaceae. Among them, vincristine and its derivatives are well known for their anticancer activity. Bousigonia mekongensis, a species in this family, contains various monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. In the current study, fourteen known aspidosperma-type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (1–14) were isolated and identified from a methanol extract of the twigs and leaves of B. mekongensis for the first time. Among them, compounds 3, 6, 9, and 13 exhibited similar antiproliferative activity spectra against A549, KB, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KB subline KB-VIN cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.5–0.9 μM. The above alkaloids efficiently induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by inhibiting tubulin polymerization as well as mitotic bipolar spindle formation. Computer modeling studies indicated that compound 7 likely forms a hydrogen bond (H-bond) with α- or β-tubulin at the colchicine site. Evaluation of the antiproliferative effects and SAR analysis suggested that a 14,15-double bond or 3α-acetonyl group is critical for enhanced antiproliferative activity. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated for the first time that compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, and 13 efficiently induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M by inhibiting tubulin polymerization by binding to the colchicine site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Trifluoromethyl chalcones were prepared and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines as well as five additional types of human tumor cell lines. The most potent chalcone 5 showed superior antitumor activity in vivo with both oral and intraperitoneal administration at 3 mg/kg. Cell-based mechanism of action studies demonstrated that 5 induced cell accumulation at sub-G1 and G2/M phases without interfering with microtubule polymerization. Furthermore, several cancer cell growth-related proteins were identified by using chalcone 5 as a bait for the affinity purification of binding proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new butanolides, peltanolides A–G (1–7), and two lignan glucosides, peltasides A (8) and B (9), along with eleven known compounds, 10–20, were isolated from a crude CH3OH/CH2Cl2 (1:1) extract of the fruit of Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Hernandiaceae). The structures of 1–9 were characterized by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HRMS analysis. The absolute configurations of newly isolated compounds 1–9 were determined from data obtained by optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) exciton chirality methods. Butanolides and lignan glucosides have not been isolated previously from this genus. Several isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines. Lignans 15 and 16 were slightly active against chemosensitive tumor cell lines A549 and MCF-7, respectively. Furthermore, both compounds displayed significant activity (IC50 = 5 µM) against a P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug-resistant tumor cell line (KB-VIN) but were less active against its parent chemosensitive cell line (KB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]