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The approach of the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) technique to determine the atomic-scale structure of nanocrystalline materials is introduced and illustrated with results of studies on V 2 O 5 nanotubes and clusters of Cs atoms intercalated inside the pores of the zeolite ITQ-4. We find that V 2 O 5 nanotubes are built of double layers of V-O 5 and V-O 4 units. Inside the channels in ITQ-4 Cs atoms are found to assemble in short-range ordered zigzag chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the term “virtual porous carbon” (VPC) to describe computer-based molecular models of nanoporous carbons that go beyond the ubiquitous slit pore model and seek to engage with the geometric, topological and chemical heterogeneity that characterises almost every form of nanoporous carbon. A small number of these models have been developed and used since the early 1990s. These models and their use are reviewed. Included are three more detailed examples of the use of our VPC model. The first is concerned with the study of solid-like adsorbate in nanoporous carbons, the second with the absolute assessment of multi-isotherm based methods for determining the fractal dimension, and the final one is concerned with the fundamental study of diffusion in nanoporous carbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]