1. Association of polygenic score for major depression with response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder
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Amare, Azmeraw T., Schubert, Klaus Oliver, Hou, Liping, Clark, Scott R., Papiol, Sergi, Cearns, Micah, Heilbronner, Urs, Degenhardt, Franziska, Tekola-Ayele, Fasil, Hsu, Yi Hsiang, Shekhtman, Tatyana, Adli, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Ardau, Raffaella, Arias, Bárbara, Aubry, Jean Michel, Backlund, Lena, Bhattacharjee, Abesh Kumar, Bellivier, Frank, Benabarre, Antonio, Bengesser, Susanne, Biernacka, Joanna M., Birner, Armin, Brichant-Petitjean, Clara, Cervantes, Pablo, Chen, Hsi Chung, Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Czerski, Piotr M., Dalkner, Nina, Dayer, Alexandre, Del Zompo, Maria, DePaulo, J. Raymond, Étain, Bruno, Jamain, Stephane, Falkai, Peter, Forstner, Andreas J., Frisen, Louise, Frye, Mark A., Fullerton, Janice M., Gard, Sébastien, Garnham, Julie S., Goes, Fernando S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Grof, Paul, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hofmann, Andrea, Jiménez, Esther, Kahn, Jean Pierre, Kassem, Layla, Kuo, Po Hsiu, Kato, Tadafumi, Kelsoe, John R., Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, König, Barbara, Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Landén, Mikael, Lavebratt, Catharina, Leboyer, Marion, Leckband, Susan G., Tortorella, Alfonso, Manchia, Mirko, Martinsson, Lina, McCarthy, Michael J., McElroy, Susan L., Colom, Francesc, Mitjans, Marina, Mondimore, Francis M., Monteleone, Palmiero, Nievergelt, Caroline M., Nöthen, Markus M., Novák, Tomas, O’Donovan, Claire, Ozaki, Norio, Ösby, Urban, Pfennig, Andrea, Potash, James B., Reif, Andreas, Wray, Naomi R., Ripke, Stephan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Trzaskowski, Maciej, Byrne, Enda M., Abdellaoui, Abdel, Adams, Mark J., Agerbo, Esben, Air, Tracy M., Andlauer, Till F.M., Bacanu, Silviu Alin, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Beekman, Aartjan T.F., Bigdeli, Tim B., Binder, Elisabeth B., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Bryois, Julien, Buttenschøn, Henriette N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Cai, Na, Castelao, Enrique, Christensen, Jane varregaard, Clarke, Toni Kim, Coleman, Jonathan R.I., Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Craddock, Nick, Crawford, Gregory E., Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J., Derks, Eske M., Direk, Nese, Dolan, Conor V., Dunn, Erin C., Eley, Thalia C., Escott-Price, Valentina, Kiadeh, Farnush Farhadi Hassan, Finucane, Hilary K., Frank, Josef, Gaspar, Héléna A., Gill, Michael, Gordon, Scott D., Grove, Jakob, Hall, Lynsey S., Hansen, Christine Søholm, Hansen, Thomas F., Hickie, Ian B., Homuth, Georg, Horn, Carsten, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Hougaard, David M., Ising, Marcus, Jansen, Rick, Jorgenson, Eric, Knowles, James A., Kohane, Isaac S., Kraft, Julia, Kretzschmar, Warren W., Krogh, Jesper, Kutalik, Zoltán, Li, Yihan, Lind, Penelope A., MacIntyre, Donald J., MacKinnon, Dean F., Maier, Robert M., Maier, Wolfgang, Marchini, Jonathan, Mbarek, Hamdi, McGrath, Patrick, McGuffin, Peter, Medland, Sarah E., Mehta, Divya, Middeldorp, Christel M., Mihailov, Evelin, Milaneschi, Yuri, Milani, Lili, Montgomery, Grant W., Mostafavi, Sara, Mullins, Niamh, Nauck, Matthias, Ng, Bernard, Nivard, Michel G., Nyholt, Dale R., O’Reilly, Paul F., Oskarsson, Hogni, Owen, Michael J., Painter, Jodie N., Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, Peterson, Roseann E., Pettersson, Erik, Peyrot, Wouter J., Pistis, Giorgio, Posthuma, Danielle, Quiroz, Jorge A., Qvist, Per, Rice, John P., Riley, Brien P., Rivera, Margarita, Mirza, Saira Saeed, Schoevers, Robert, Schulte, Eva C., Shen, Ling, Shi, Jianxin, Shyn, Stanley I., Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Sinnamon, Grant C.B., Smit, Johannes H., Smith, Daniel J., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Streit, Fabian, Strohmaier, Jana, Tansey, Katherine E., Teismann, Henning, Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Wesley, Thomson, Pippa A., Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E., Traylor, Matthew, Treutlein, Jens, Trubetskoy, Vassily, Uitterlinden, André G., Umbricht, Daniel, Van der Auwera, Sandra, van Hemert, Albert M., Viktorin, Alexander, Visscher, Peter M., Wang, Yunpeng, Webb, Bradley T., Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie, Wellmann, Jürgen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witt, Stephanie H., Wu, Yang, Xi, Hualin S., Yang, Jian, Zhang, Futao, Arolt, Volker, Baune, Bernhard T., Berger, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, E. J.C., Domenici, Enrico, Domschke, Katharina, Esko, Tõnu, Grabe, Hans J., Hamilton, Steven P., Hayward, Caroline, Heath, Andrew C., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kloiber, Stefan, Lewis, Glyn, Li, Qingqin S., Lucae, Susanne, Madden, Pamela A.F., Magnusson, Patrik K., Martin, Nicholas G., McIntosh, Andrew M., Metspalu, Andres, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nordentoft, Merete, O’Donovan, Michael C., Paciga, Sara A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Perlis, Roy H., Porteous, David J., Preisig, Martin, Rietschel, Marcella, Schaefer, Catherine, Schulze, Thomas G., Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, Tiemeier, Henning, Uher, Rudolf, Völzke, Henry, Weissman, Myrna M., Werge, Thomas, Lewis, Cathryn M., Levinson, Douglas F., Breen, Gerome, Børglum, Anders D., Sullivan, Patrick F., Reininghaus, Eva, Rouleau, Guy A., Rybakowski, Janusz K., Schalling, Martin, Schofield, Peter R., Schweizer, Barbara W., Severino, Giovanni, Shilling, Paul D., Shimoda, Katzutaka, Simhandl, Christian, Slaney, Claire M., Squassina, Alessio, Stamm, Thomas, Stopkova, Pavla, Maj, Mario, Turecki, Gustavo, Vieta, Eduard, Veeh, Julia, Wright, Adam, Zandi, Peter P., Mitchell, Philip B., Bauer, Michael, Alda, Martin, McMahon, Francis J., APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Human genetics, APH - Digital Health, APH - Methodology, Biological Psychology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Complex Trait Genetics, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Jamain, Stéphane, University of Adelaide, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute [ Adelaide] (SAHMRI), Mental Health Services [Adelaide, SA, Australia], National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Genetik - Universität Bonn / Institute of Genetics - University of Bonn, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Harvard School of Public Health, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Dokkyo Medical University, Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental [Barcelona, Spain] (CIBERSAM), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland] (PUMS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], IMRB - 'Neuropsychiatrie translationnelle' [Créteil] (U955 Inserm - UPEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Basel (Unibas), Neuroscience Research Australia [Sydney, NSW, Australia] (NRA), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CH C. Perrens, Bordeaux], SECOP - centre hospitalier Charles Perrens, Dalhousie University [Halifax], 'Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry [Bucharest, Romania], Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa (MDCO), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Osaka University [Osaka], Graduate School of Medicine [Osaka], Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique de Liaison [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy (CPN), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen (LK Neunkirchen), Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine [Sapporo, Japan], Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), University of Cincinnati (UC), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine [Göttingen] (MPI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Salerno (UNISA), University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, National Institute of Mental Health [Klecany, Czech Republic] (NIMH), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine [Japon], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Medical University Graz, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Sigmund Freud University (SFU), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Black Dog Institute [Sydney, Australia], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Melbourne Medical School [Melbourne], Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health [Parkville, VIC, Australie], University of Melbourne, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Naomi R Wray, Stephan Ripke, Manuel Mattheisen, Maciej Trzaskowski, Enda M Byrne, Abdel Abdellaoui, Mark J Adams, Esben Agerbo, Tracy M Air, Till F M Andlauer, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Aartjan T F Beekman, Tim B Bigdeli, Elisabeth B Binder, Douglas H R Blackwood, Julien Bryois, Henriette N Buttenschøn, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Na Cai, Enrique Castelao, Jane Varregaard Christensen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Jonathan R I Coleman, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Nick Craddock, Gregory E Crawford, Gail Davies, Ian J Deary, Franziska Degenhardt, Eske M Derks, Nese Direk, Conor V Dolan, Erin C Dunn, Thalia C Eley, Valentina Escott-Price, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Hilary K Finucane, Andreas J Forstner, Josef Frank, Héléna A Gaspar, Michael Gill, Fernando S Goes, Scott D Gordon, Jakob Grove, Lynsey S Hall, Christine Søholm Hansen, Thomas F Hansen, Stefan Herms, Ian B Hickie, Per Hoffmann, Georg Homuth, Carsten Horn, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, David M Hougaard, Marcus Ising, Rick Jansen, Eric Jorgenson, James A Knowles, Isaac S Kohane, Julia Kraft, Warren W Kretzschmar, Jesper Krogh, Zoltán Kutalik, Yihan Li, Penelope A Lind, Donald J MacIntyre, Dean F MacKinnon, Robert M Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Jonathan Marchini, Hamdi Mbarek, Patrick McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Sarah E Medland, Divya Mehta, Christel M Middeldorp, Evelin Mihailov, Yuri Milaneschi, Lili Milani, Francis M Mondimore, Grant W Montgomery, Sara Mostafavi, Niamh Mullins, Matthias Nauck, Bernard Ng, Michel G Nivard, Dale R Nyholt, Paul F O'Reilly, Hogni Oskarsson, Michael J Owen, Jodie N Painter, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Roseann E Peterson, Erik Pettersson, Wouter J Peyrot, Giorgio Pistis, Danielle Posthuma, Jorge A Quiroz, Per Qvist, John P Rice, Brien P Riley, Margarita Rivera, Saira Saeed Mirza, Robert Schoevers, Eva C Schulte, Ling Shen, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I Shyn, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Grant C B Sinnamon, Johannes H Smit, Daniel J Smith, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Fabian Streit, Jana Strohmaier, Katherine E Tansey, Henning Teismann, Alexander Teumer, Wesley Thompson, Pippa A Thomson, Thorgeir E Thorgeirsson, Matthew Traylor, Jens Treutlein, Vassily Trubetskoy, André G Uitterlinden, Daniel Umbricht, Sandra Van der Auwera, Albert M van Hemert, Alexander Viktorin, Peter M Visscher, Yunpeng Wang, Bradley T Webb, Shantel Marie Weinsheimer, Jürgen Wellmann, Gonneke Willemsen, Stephanie H Witt, Yang Wu, Hualin S Xi, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Volker Arolt, Bernhard T Baune, Klaus Berger, Dorret I Boomsma, Sven Cichon, Udo Dannlowski, E J C de Geus, J Raymond DePaulo, Enrico Domenici, Katharina Domschke, Tõnu Esko, Hans J Grabe, Steven P Hamilton, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C Heath, Kenneth S Kendler, Stefan Kloiber, Glyn Lewis, Qingqin S Li, Susanne Lucae, Pamela A F Madden, Patrik K Magnusson, Nicholas G Martin, Andrew M McIntosh, Andres Metspalu, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Merete Nordentoft, Markus M Nöthen, Michael C O'Donovan, Sara A Paciga, Nancy L Pedersen, Brenda W J H Penninx, Roy H Perlis, David J Porteous, James B Potash, Martin Preisig, Marcella Rietschel, Catherine Schaefer, Thomas G Schulze, Jordan W Smoller, Kari Stefansson, Henning Tiemeier, Rudolf Uher, Henry Völzke, Myrna M Weissman, Thomas Werge, Cathryn M Lewis, Douglas F Levinson, Gerome Breen, Anders D Børglum, Patrick F Sullivan., Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of California, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Graz, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), University of Münster, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Amare, A. T., Schubert, K. O., Hou, L., Clark, S. R., Papiol, S., Cearns, M., Heilbronner, U., Degenhardt, F., Tekola-Ayele, F., Hsu, Y. -H., Shekhtman, T., Adli, M., Akula, N., Akiyama, K., Ardau, R., Arias, B., Aubry, J. -M., Backlund, L., Bhattacharjee, A. K., Bellivier, F., Benabarre, A., Bengesser, S., Biernacka, J. M., Birner, A., Brichant-Petitjean, C., Cervantes, P., Chen, H. -C., Chillotti, C., Cichon, S., Cruceanu, C., Czerski, P. M., Dalkner, N., Dayer, A., Del Zompo, M., Depaulo, J. R., Etain, B., Jamain, S., Falkai, P., Forstner, A. J., Frisen, L., Frye, M. A., Fullerton, J. M., Gard, S., Garnham, J. S., Goes, F. S., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Grof, P., Hashimoto, R., Hauser, J., Herms, S., Hoffmann, P., Hofmann, A., Jimenez, E., Kahn, J. -P., Kassem, L., Kuo, P. -H., Kato, T., Kelsoe, J. R., Kittel-Schneider, S., Kliwicki, S., Konig, B., Kusumi, I., Laje, G., Landen, M., Lavebratt, C., Leboyer, M., Leckband, S. G., Tortorella, A., Manchia, M., Martinsson, L., Mccarthy, M. J., Mcelroy, S. L., Colom, F., Mitjans, M., Mondimore, F. M., Monteleone, P., Nievergelt, C. M., Nothen, M. M., Novak, T., O'Donovan, C., Ozaki, N., Osby, U., Pfennig, A., Potash, J. B., Reif, A., Wray, N. R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M. J., Agerbo, E., Air, T. M., Andlauer, T. F. M., Bacanu, S. -A., Baekvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, A. T. F., Bigdeli, T. B., Binder, E. B., Blackwood, D. H. R., Bryois, J., Buttenschon, H. N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J., Clarke, T. -K., Coleman, J. R. I., Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G. E., Davies, G., Deary, I. J., Derks, E. M., Direk, N., Dolan, C. V., Dunn, E. C., Eley, T. C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, F. F. H., Finucane, H. K., Frank, J., Gaspar, H. A., Gill, M., Gordon, S. D., Grove, J., Hall, L. S., Hansen, C. S., Hansen, T. F., Hickie, I. B., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J. -J., Hougaard, D. M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J. A., Kohane, I. S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W. W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y., Lind, P. A., Macintyre, D. J., Mackinnon, D. F., Maier, R. M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., Mcgrath, P., Mcguffin, P., Medland, S. E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C. M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Montgomery, G. W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M. G., Nyholt, D. R., O'Reilly, P. F., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M. J., Painter, J. N., Pedersen, C. B., Pedersen, M. G., Peterson, R. E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W. J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J. A., Qvist, P., Rice, J. P., Riley, B. P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S. S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E. C., Shen, L., Shi, J., Shyn, S. I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, G. C. B., Smit, J. H., Smith, D. J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K. E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P. A., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A. G., Umbricht, D., Van der Auwera, S., van Hemert, A. M., Viktorin, A., Visscher, P. M., Wang, Y., Webb, B. T., Weinsheimer, S. M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S. H., Wu, Y., Xi, H. S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., Arolt, V., Baune, B. T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D. I., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, E. J. C., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H. J., Hamilton, S. P., Hayward, C., Heath, A. C., Kendler, K. S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q. S., Lucae, S., Madden, P. A. F., Magnusson, P. K., Martin, N. G., Mcintosh, A. M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Muller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., O'Donovan, M. C., Paciga, S. A., Pedersen, N. L., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Perlis, R. H., Porteous, D. J., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T. G., Smoller, J. W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Volzke, H., Weissman, M. M., Werge, T., Lewis, C. M., Levinson, D. F., Breen, G., Borglum, A. D., Sullivan, P. F., Reininghaus, E., Rouleau, G. A., Rybakowski, J. K., Schalling, M., Schofield, P. R., Schweizer, B. W., Severino, G., Shilling, P. D., Shimoda, K., Simhandl, C., Slaney, C. M., Squassina, A., Stamm, T., Stopkova, P., Maj, M., Turecki, G., Vieta, E., Veeh, J., Wright, A., Zandi, P. P., Mitchell, P. B., Bauer, M., Alda, M., Mcmahon, F. J., and Adult Psychiatry
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0301 basic medicine ,Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,Lithium (medication) ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,Genome-wide association study ,Logistic regression ,THERAPY ,ddc:616.89 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Major depression ,PREDICTORS ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,RISK ,Depression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Quartile ,Cohort ,AUGMENTATION ,medicine.drug ,POLARITY ,medicine.medical_specialty ,GENETICS ,Bipolar disorder ,[SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,Lithium ,PROPHYLACTIC LITHIUM ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,AGENTS ,Molecular Biology ,Genetic association ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,EFFICACY ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,PHARMACOLOGICAL-TREATMENTS ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Lithium is a first-line medication for bipolar disorder (BD), but only one in three patients respond optimally to the drug. Since evidence shows a strong clinical and genetic overlap between depression and bipolar disorder, we investigated whether a polygenic susceptibility to major depression is associated with response to lithium treatment in patients with BD. Weighted polygenic scores (PGSs) were computed for major depression (MD) at different GWAS p value thresholds using genetic data obtained from 2586 bipolar patients who received lithium treatment and took part in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen) study. Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies in MD (135,458 cases and 344,901 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) were used for PGS weighting. Response to lithium treatment was defined by continuous scores and categorical outcome (responders versus non-responders) using measurements on the Alda scale. Associations between PGSs of MD and lithium treatment response were assessed using a linear and binary logistic regression modeling for the continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. The analysis was performed for the entire cohort, and for European and Asian sub-samples. The PGSs for MD were significantly associated with lithium treatment response in multi-ethnic, European or Asian populations, at various p value thresholds. Bipolar patients with a low polygenic load for MD were more likely to respond well to lithium, compared to those patients with high polygenic load [lowest vs highest PGS quartiles, multi-ethnic sample: OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.18–2.01) and European sample: OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.30–2.36)]. While our analysis in the Asian sample found equivalent effect size in the same direction: OR = 1.71 (95% CI: 0.61–4.90), this was not statistically significant. Using PGS decile comparison, we found a similar trend of association between a high genetic loading for MD and lower response to lithium. Our findings underscore the genetic contribution to lithium response in BD and support the emerging concept of a lithium-responsive biotype in BD.
- Published
- 2021