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Summary : Nicotiana benthamiana is an important model plant for plant–microbe interaction studies. Here, we compared ribosome profiles and riboproteomes of healthy and infected N. benthamiana plants. We affinity purified ribosomes from transgenic leaves expressing a FLAG‐tagged ribosomal large subunit protein RPL18B of Arabidopsis thaliana. Purifications were prepared from healthy plants and plants that had been infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying infectious cDNA of Potato virus A (PVA) or firefly luciferase gene, referred to here as PVA‐ or Agrobacterium‐infected plants, respectively. Plants encode a number of paralogous ribosomal proteins (r‐proteins). The N. benthamiana riboproteome revealed approximately 6600 r‐protein hits representing 424 distinct r‐proteins that were members of 71 of the expected 81 r‐protein families. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011602. The data indicated that N. benthamiana ribosomes are heterogeneous in their r‐protein composition. In PVA‐infected plants, the number of identified r‐protein paralogues was lower than in Agrobacterium‐infected or healthy plants. A. tumefaciens proteins did not associate with ribosomes, whereas ribosomes from PVA‐infected plants co‐purified with viral cylindrical inclusion protein and helper component proteinase, reinforcing their possible role in protein synthesis during virus infection. In addition, viral NIa protease‐VPg, RNA polymerase NIb and coat protein were occasionally detected. Infection did not affect the proportions of ribosomal subunits or the monosome to polysome ratio, suggesting that no overall alteration in translational activity took place on infection with these pathogens. The riboproteomic data of healthy and pathogen‐infected N. benthamiana will be useful for studies on the specific use of r‐protein paralogues to control translation in infected plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]