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The present study is devoted to the possibility that tri-atomic molecules were formed during or shortly after the Big Bang. For this purpose, we consider the ordinary H3+ and H3 molecular systems and the primitive tri-atomic molecular system, H3++, which, as is shown, behaves differently. The study is carried out by comparing the topological features of these systems as they are reflected through their non-adiabatic coupling terms. Although H3++ is not known to exist as a molecule, we found that it behaves as such at intermediate distances. However, this illusion breaks down as its asymptotic region is reached. Our study indicates that whereas H3+ and H3 dissociate smoothly, the H3++ does not seem to do so. Nevertheless, the fact that H3++ is capable of living as a molecule on borrowed time enables it to catch an electron and form a molecule via the reaction H3++ + e → H3+ that may dissociate properly: Thus, the two unique features acquired by H3++, namely, that it is the most primitive system formed by three protons and one electron and topologically, still remain for an instant a molecule, may make it the sole candidate for becoming the cornerstone for creating the molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article continues a previous study (Int. J. Quantum Chem.114, 1645 (2014)) in which is presented a theory that discusses the possibility to induce a novel field – to be called molecular field – via the interaction of an external electro-magnetic (EM) field and a molecular system. Assuming the molecular system is made up of two coupled adiabatic states the theory leads from three time-space curl equations and one time-space divergence equation to a set of decoupled wave equations usually encountered for fields. In the present study, wave equations are derived for an external field having two features: (1) the field intensity is relativelyhigh enough; (2) the duration of the interaction isshort enough. For this situation, the study reveals that the just mentioned interaction creates two fields that coexist within a molecule: one is just a scalar EM field essentially identical to the external EM field and the other, a vectorial field, produced by the non-adiabatic coupling terms. In addition, we mention that the wave velocities related to these two fields are identical to the wave velocity, c, of the external EM field. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]