1. APOBEC3H Subcellular Localization Determinants Define Zipcode for Targeting HIV-1 for Restriction.
- Author
-
Salamango DJ, Becker JT, McCann JL, Cheng AZ, Demir Ö, Amaro RE, Brown WL, Shaban NM, and Harris RS
- Subjects
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus physiology, Amino Acid Sequence, Carcinogenesis metabolism, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Cytidine Deaminase metabolism, Cytoplasm metabolism, HEK293 Cells, HeLa Cells, Humans, Aminohydrolases metabolism, HIV-1 physiology
- Abstract
APOBEC enzymes are DNA cytosine deaminases that normally serve as virus restriction factors, but several members, including APOBEC3H, also contribute to cancer mutagenesis. Despite their importance in multiple fields, little is known about cellular processes that regulate these DNA mutating enzymes. We show that APOBEC3H exists in two distinct subcellular compartments, cytoplasm and nucleolus, and that the structural determinants for each mechanism are genetically separable. First, native and fluorescently tagged APOBEC3Hs localize to these two compartments in multiple cell types. Second, a series of genetic, pharmacologic, and cell biological studies demonstrate active cytoplasmic and nucleolar retention mechanisms, whereas nuclear import and export occur through passive diffusion. Third, APOBEC3H cytoplasmic retention determinants relocalize APOBEC3A from a passive cell-wide state to the cytosol and, additionally, endow potent HIV-1 restriction activity. These results indicate that APOBEC3H has a structural zipcode for subcellular localization and selecting viral substrates for restriction., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF