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In our recently proposed quantum theory of gravity, the universe is made of 'atoms'" of space-time-matter (STM). Planck scale foam is composed of STM atoms with Planck length as their associated Compton wave-length. The quantum dispersion and accompanying spontaneous localization of these STM atoms amounts to a cancellation of the enormous curvature on the Planck length scale. However, an effective dark energy term arises in Einstein equations, of the order required by current observations on cosmological scales. This happens if we propose an extremely light particle having a mass of about 1 0 − 3 3 eV/c 2 , forty-two orders of magnitude lighter than the proton. The holographic principle suggests there are about 1 0 1 2 2 such particles in the observed universe. Their net effect on space-time geometry is equivalent to dark energy, this being a low energy quantum gravitational phenomenon. In this sense, the observed dark energy constitutes evidence for quantum gravity. We then invoke Dirac's large number hypothesis to also propose a dark matter candidate having a mass halfway (on the logarithmic scale) between the proton and the dark energy particle, i.e. about 1 0 − 1 2 eV/c 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An equality of particle and antiparticle gravitational interactions holds in general relativity and is supported by indirect observations. Gravity dependence on rotation or spin direction is experimentally constrained for non-relativistic matter. Here, a method based on high-energy Compton scattering is developed to measure the gravitational interaction of accelerated charged particles. Within that formalism, the Compton spectra measured at HERA rule out the speculated anti-gravity possibility for antimatter at a confidence level close to 100%. The same data, however, imply a gravitational CP violation around 13 GeV energies, by a maximal amount of (9 ± 2) ⋅ 1 0 − 1 2 for the charge and (1 3 ± 3) ⋅ 1 0 − 1 2 for the space parity. The detected asymmetry hints for a stronger gravitational coupling to left helicity electrons relative to right helicity positrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renormalized quantum stress–energy tensor 〈 T μ ν 〉 ren for a massive spinor field around global monopoles is constructed within the framework of Schwinger–DeWitt approximation, valid whenever the Compton length of the quantum field is much less than the characteristic radius of the curvature of the background geometry. The results obtained show that the quantum massive spinor field in the global monopole spacetime violates all the pointwise energy conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutron stars (NS)s are astrophysical objects with strong gravitational and electromagnetic fields. Since there are several effects on radiation processes around the star, it is impossible to consider whole effects all together. One way to study the processes is by considering them one by one as a toy model. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of spacetime deformation on the surface magnetic field of the slowly rotating neutron star and its plasma magnetospheric processes, such as the plasma magnetosphere formation around the star. At first, the approximate vacuum solutions of the Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic fields of a magnetized neutron star in a slowly rotating deformed spacetime metric have been obtained. It has been shown that the positive deformation parameter leads to an increase in the value of the (surface) magnetic field at the near zone of the neutron star, while the effect of the negative deformation parameter is vice versa. We have also considered the electric field of the slowly rotating neutron star in the spacetime. In the slow rotation approximation, we have studied the particle acceleration in the polar cap zone, considering the effect of deformation of spacetime on the γ -Lorentz factor of a relativistic charged particle. It is shown that in the case of the positive deformation, an additional gravity occurs around the NS. The effects of spacetime deformation on magneto-dipolar radiation of radio pulsars and polar cap size have also been studied and shown that negative deformation of spacetime increased the radiation luminosity and as positive deformation increases, the luminosity decreases. Size of polar cap region of a neutron star, where magnetic field lines open, increases with increasing the value of the deformation parameter 𝜖. Moreover, we have studied the influence of the spacetime deformation on the death line for radio pulsar, which separates the region in P − P ˙ (B − P) diagram, where the pulsar can or cannot radiate in radio band (create pair production) through inverse compton scattering (ICS). It is shown that the negative (positive) deformation shifts upward (downward) the death line, which means that even a small negative (positive) deformation of spacetime may cause to be radio-quite (be radio load) the radio pulsar which is lying on the death line (in P − P ˙ diagram) in the GR frame with its corresponding parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we consider axially symmetric, stationary, rotating and charged Kerr–Sen Dilaton-Axion black hole as particle accelerator. We find the effective potential and discuss the circular orbit of a particle. We investigate the center of mass energy of two colliding neutral particles with different rest masses falling from rest at infinity to near the non-extremal horizons (event horizon and Cauchy horizon) and extremal horizon of the Kerr–Sen Dilaton-Axion black hole. Analogous to the Compton process, we discuss the collision of a particle and a massless photon. Finally, we find the center of mass energy due to the collision of two photons in the background of Kerr–Sen Dilaton-Axion black hole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a measurement of the constancy and anisotropy of the speed of light relative to the electrons in photon-electron scattering. We used the Compton scattering asymmetry measured by the new Compton polarimeter in Hall C at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to test for deviations from unity of the vacuum refractive index ( n). For photon energies in the range of 9-46 MeV, we obtain a new limit of 1 − n < 1.4 × 10. In addition, the absence of sidereal variation over the six-month period of the measurement constrains any anisotropies in the speed of light. These constitute the first study of Lorentz invariance (LI) using Compton asymmetry. Within the minimal Standard Model extension (MSME) framework, our result yield limits on the photon and electron coefficients , , and . Although these limits are several orders of magnitude larger than the current best limits, they demonstrate the feasibility of using Compton asymmetry for tests of LI. Future parity-violating electron-scattering experiments at JLab will use higher energy electrons enabling better constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

lepton is one of three charged leptons in nature, the measurements of its mass have been performed since its discovery. The present relative accuracy is already at the level of ; more factors are still being studied in order to increase the accuracy. However, the available techniques for analysis and expectable luminosity from e e collider indicate that the precision upper limit of mass is almost reached, which means that brand new approaches should be considered if a great improvement is yearned for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the theoretical interpretation of deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering at low values of the Bjorken variable x ≃s Q2/W2 ≲ 0.1. The process proceeds via the interaction of quark-antiquark (qq) color-dipole fluctuations of the (virtual) photon with the proton. In terms of the forward Compton scattering amplitude, two reaction channels contribute to the interaction of the qq color dipole with the gluon field in the proton. Dependent on the kinematics, there is either color transparency, corresponding to a cancellation of the amplitudes for the two reaction channels, or saturation, occurring when the process is dominated by a single interaction channel. The connection between the color-dipole picture and the pQCD improved parton model is elaborated upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Compton scattering is one of the loss processes in fusion media. In this paper the Compton cross-section is calculated in three limits of temperature, non-relativistic, relativistic and ultra-relativistic temperatures. By considering the electron distribution function for all the temperature limits, we found the power of Compton scattering in degenerate media. These results show that the Compton scattering power increases with decreasing electron temperature. So, in degenerate conditions, the Compton loss processes decrease in fusion media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that Kompaneetz equation describing photon diffusion in an environment of an electron gas, when linearized around its equilibrium distribution, coincides with the relativistic diffusion discussed in recent publications. The model of the relativistic diffusion is related to soluble models of imaginary time quantum mechanics. We suggest some nonlinear generalizations of the relativistic diffusion equation and their astrophysical applications (in particular to the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]