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Kant, however, drew a radical distinction between human and divine knowledge, which Hegel rejected. To be clear, Heidegger's critique of the metaphysical forgetting of being, predicated on the sharp distinction between I essentia i and I existentia i , is not a defense of any notion of "pure" or "absolute" I that- i being, abstracted from all "what" content, as if we might somehow intuit or cognize the simple fact I that i something exists. Half a century ago, the word "existentialism" referred to an intellectual trend that crossed genre boundaries as it crossed national borders, finding expression in not just philosophy and psychology but also literature, art and popular culture. 3 On one reading of Kant, things in themselves coincide with God's concepts, in which case Kant's idealism might be closer to Hegel's after all. [Extracted from the article]

The article talks about addressing the practice of theory in the works of philosopher Karl Marx. Topics discussed include Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser addressing the problem of situating the difference between the Hegelian dialectic and the Marxist dialectic, and the difficulty of situating space in speech.

The article discusses the essay "Parataxis" by German philosopher Theodor W. Adorno. Topics mention including the sustained engagement with the problem of inheriting, works of German pot and philosopher Friedrich Hölderlin and employs both as an analogy and formal for literary interpretation which negotiates the differentiation and distance.

The article discusses the writings of German philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Walter Benjamin regarding the contingencies of inheritance. Topics mention including the letter from Nietzsche to Protestant theologian Franz Overback, monograph "Constellation" by James McFarland and Nietzsche's testament in the music "Also sprach Zarathustra."

The article discusses the writings of German philosopher Walter Benjamin and Polish writer Bruno Schulz regarding trash. Topics mention including the aesthetic category which is rooted in the modernists fascination with grotesque, constitute as a crucial component of the idiosyncratic inheritance and association of literature with philosophy.

The article looks into the philosophy of religion of German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Topics include an understanding of the political theology of critical philosophy of Kant, the alleged ambiguousness of the philosopher's "Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason," and the involvement of politics in the relationship between theology and philosophy.

The article presents the author's perspective on how Jewish American philosopher Hannah Arendt used Enlightenment thinker Gotthold Ephraim Lessing when she discussed exultation and complaint. Topics include the interrelationship between freedom of movement and joyful indulgence, the need for gladness to be practiced as a world-friendly duty, and Arendt's treatment of Lessing as a contemporary.

An essay is presented regarding the publication of the book "Philosophy of Symbolic Forms," by Ernst Cassirer is presented. It mentions a short address on the acceptance of the Kuno-Fischer-Prize for the History of Philosophy, presentation of his work in a series of contemporary philosophers, and the outline of project for a phenomenology of history of work to be accomplished.

The article discusses the issue of cardinal directions and orientational knowledge in the work's of German philosopher Theodor W. Adorno. Topics discussed include the relation between orientation and thinking, the concept of aesthetic of cognitive mapping by literary critic Fredric Jameson, and the relation of artwork's movement and orientation in the literary work of writer Franz Kafka.

The article critiques the book "Les Pensées," by the late philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal. It discusses how it threads between Jansenist propaganda and humanist blowback, Fragment 758 deals with friendship and grammar of social relations, and the paradox of real friends being no friends at all because one shuns their friendship as a matter of course. The author notes that based on hierarchy of values adopted by Pascal, persons are respected only for the signature they bear.

The author examines how irony can be considered a positive that can have creative and life-enhancing uses, citing the theories of philosophers Socrates and Søren Kierkegaard. It looks at how Kierkegaard's views on Socratic doubt changed over time as well as how it influenced his development of a philosophy on human existence. According to the author, Kierkegaard viewed learning what it means to be human as a mode of explicating becoming human.

The article offers the author's insights on cognition which is a relation that something is understood within its cognizability. He says that cognizability is neither a capacity of subject to recognize, nor a property of objects or a capacity to be known that expects the opportunity to realize itself in cognition. He mentions that the philosophies of languages, cognition theories, and history philosophies were confronted by philosopher Walter Benjamin in his work.

The article discusses the correspondences of philosophers Bertrand Russell, Walter Benjamin, Gershom Scholem, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. It states that Russell make claim in his "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy" as he searches to limit the field under discussion through the distinction between mathematical and non-mathematical propositions. It mentions that Benjamin is struck by the unclarity about the nature of identity.

The article discusses the main objections against the metaphysical exposition of space. It states that philosopher Immanuel Kant the space of perception, that intuition and that of mathematics are mixed with one another. It mentions the combining of concept and intuition through false terminology. It adds that propositions three and four prove only what is intelligible.

The author discusses the concept of melancholy as a basis for understanding a source of suffering in the work of Jew author Edmond Jabès. It also presents a reading of the Holocaust from the perspective of Jabès' personal history of persecution. She cites the studies of philosophers on Jabès' works and their consensus observation regarding the absence and loss as the organizing concepts of his work. She also acknowledges the contribution of Jabès to the understanding of what it means to write in Europe after the Holocaust.

The article focuses on Christian Delacampagne's concept of morality as depicted in his works. The author observes that Delacampagne has exemplified the Jewish tradition of rectification in his works. Additionally, his works indicate his devotion to questions of social justice. Delacampagne also views democracy as fragile and his role as an intellectual who could act as the guardian of justice. The author also cites the book "The Philosopher and the Tyrant: A Politics of Philosophy" where Delacampagne admits that he has no read-made morality.

The article focuses on the philosophy championed by Christian Delacampagne. The author points out that Delacampagne's philosophy focuses on the effect of thinking about problems in the real world. He adds that Delacampagne believes the significance of understanding why people do or do not think about certain things. According to the author, Delacampagne attempts to explain why Saint Augustine, a moral and religious philosopher, does not condemn slavery. He thinks that Saint Augustine's view of slavery is not natural.

This article focuses on the curiosity of American poet Wallace Stevens on Charles Sanders Peirce's idea on Firstness. Stevens expressed the most interest in Peirce. Stevens was really reserved about such matters, but Peircian ideas have reached him through several collateral influences, such as I. A. Richards. Stevens was a reader of Richards' book that featured selections of Peirce. From then on, Stevens was seen as a poet of Firstness seen through his description of sensory qualities.

The article examines the interpretation of philosopher Gilles Deleuze of the concept of the virtual espoused by Henri Bergson. Deleuze claimed that Bergson's philosophy assumed that the notion of virtuality stops being vague and indeterminate. According to Bergson, it is the part that is virtual and the whole that is real. The two philosophers agreed that the notion of the virtual works in the context of specific problems.

The article presents an interpretation of the contradiction between thought and time as philosophy of mind by philosopher Henri Bergson. The author explained that it is important to have a double philosophy of mind because of its interconnectedness, which means that one cannot separate a critical theory of knowledge from an investigation into the metaphysical nature of mind. However, he admitted that there is a gap between mind and temporal realities.

The article explores the application of Henri Bergson's philosophy of time and space with the Global Positioning System (GPS). This technology is the perfect representation of the interrelation of time and space. This news system will affect the intuition of human beings. One expert claimed that the development of GPS confirms the interconnectedness of time and space.

The article presents an overview of the debate between philosopher Henri Bergson and physical Albert Einstein on science. The main issue of the said debate is on the status of philosophy and physics in the nature of time and simultaneity. Einstein insisted that philosophy has no place in the matters of time. Moreover, Einstein has a different view of the role of philosophy in the society. The mistake of Bergson is his wrong understanding of the theory of relativity espoused by Einstein.

The article examines the idea of philosopher Henri Bergson on the evolution of life in his book "Creative Evolution." Bergson emphasized that life is not lived inside the person, it has its share of other aspects. Science also is a contributor in educating people how life is lived and how it evolves. And the relationship between life and matter emerges from scientific analysis.

The article explores the importance of the notion of attachment to life which appears in "The Two Sources of Morality and Religion" of philosopher Henri Bergson. This concept is being considered as the extension of the notion of attention to life. Bergson claimed that for people to live, attachment is important. Moreover, he said that life has to give people the means to be attached to it.

The article discusses the use of the philosophy of Henri Bergson in solving the problem with the symbolic. Bergson has touched the problem of symbolic in his work. One of the issues involved which concerns the symbolic appears in a field of virtualities around human action. One suggestion of Bergson is that symbol is an image which is connected to other images in a field of movements and actions.

The article features comments on the works of theorists Frédéríc Worms and Keith Ansell Pearson in their efforts to interpret the philosophical thought espoused by Henri Bergson. Worms and Ansell Pearson agreed that Bergson's contribution to thought is the challenge of a mode of thinking that is accustom to living reality. Ansell Pearson's focus is on the efforts of Bergson to reform philosophy.

The article looks into the views of philosopher Henri Bergson on the future of philosophy in his book "Matter and Memory." Bergson cited the history of metaphysics and its shortcomings. He also emphasized the importance for human beings to possess perception, intelligence and language for them to respond to the essentials of the social life. Moreover, he claimed that failure of philosophy to take into account the essential pragmatic nature of these tools.

The article examines several essays which discuss the philosophical thought of philosopher Henri Bergson. Bergson's concept of intuition have been evaluated for its application in intellectual discussion. One of the essays evaluated Bergon's philosophy of evolution and scientific truth. His argument on nature was compared to that espoused by Albert Einstein.

Compares the literary style of philosophers Hannah Arendt and Simone de Beauvoir. Factors contributing to the corruption of modern politics; Supplement of the deductive reasoning with reference to topics in the imagination; Emphasis on the problem of moral philosophy.

Examines the theory and history on the interdisciplinary practice in philosopher Michel Foucault's work. Impact of Foucault's achievements in the domains of history and historiography; Elaboration of the pattern of multi-disciplinary; Provision of provocative philosophical statements in Foucault's discourse.

Focuses on the literary debate concerning Emily Grosholz' new collection "The Legacy of Simone de Beauvoir." Analysis of the contradictory thinking in Beauvoir's work; Contributions of women to the history of philosophy; Interpretation of problematic content in the work of historical women philosophers.

Profiles philosopher, poet and painter Carlo Michelstaedter. Insistence on an absolute unity of theory and practice; Education at the University of Florence in Italy; Work on the ramifications of rhetoric only defend the possibility of persuasion; Opposition between persuasion and rhetoric in the history of philosophy; Nihilism; Arguments on Michelstaedter's suicide as an intimate aspects of his thought.

Focuses on Manfred Frank's analysis of the thoughts of French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Frank's claim that French philosophers and thinkers know nothing about contemporary German philosophy; Frank's main contribution to modern philosophy and literary theory; Frank's claim that Derrida has failed to preserve the concept of criticism; Reasons why Frank finds fault in French philosophers who uncritically accept Heidegger's diagnosis of modernity as true and adequate; Frank's views about neostructuralism.

Focuses on the debate about German philosopher Martin Heidegger's support of national socialism in the early 1930s. Victor Farias' publishing of the book "Heidegger et le nazisme," which provided evidence about the involvement of Heidegger with the National Socialist regime; View that Heidegger, who had influenced French thought in the 20th century, had openly supported the Nazi's rise to power; Reactions of Heidegger's defenders to the allegation.

Explores the sophistry of heuristics in the works of encyclopedist and philosopher Denis Diderot. Association of systematic thought to the displacement of wisdom into sophistry by Diderot; Growth of philosophy and its achievements; Presentation of Socrates as a student of a sophist in the article "Socratique."

Focuses on the works of Friedrich Nietzsche which espouses anti-Semitic ideas. Detection of anti-Christian stance of Nietzsche; Lack of attention of the works of Nietzsche after World War II; Criticism on Nietzsche's "Dionysus Versus the Crucified"; Views of Nietzsche on violence.

The author recognizes the important contribution of French philosopher Christian Delacampagne to the department of Romance Languages and Literatures in Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. He points out that Delacampagne had all the academic credentials a university could want. He claims that Delacampagne brought his extensive knowledge in literature to the university. While at the university, Delacampagne organized a conference of Jean-Paul Sartre. He also expresses his admiration to Delacampagne for his moral courage.