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Cnidium officinale (Ligusticum officinale) is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we determined the complete chloroplast genome of C. officinale using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was 148,518 bp in length, comprising a large single copy (LSC) region of 93,977 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,607 bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 18,467 bp each. The genome contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 30 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. officinale is most closely related to L. tenuissium, with high bootstrap values.

Cuscuta pentagona is a parasitic plant whose seeds are often mixed with the seeds of medicinal Cuscuta species. To facilitate the identification of C. pentagona seeds, we generated the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. pentagona Engelm. using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The complete chloroplast genome is 86,380 bp long, with a 50,958 bp LSC region, a 7022 bp SSC region, and two inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions comprising 14,200 bp. The chloroplast genome consists of 85 unique genes, 57 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 24 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Two gene families, NADH oxidoreductases and RNA polymerase-related genes, are absent in this genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. pentagona is closely related to C. reflexa and C. exaltata, with strong support values.

Sanguisorba × tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we sequenced its complete chloroplast genome using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The data show that the chloroplast genome of S. × tenuifolia is 155,403 bp in size, comprising an 85,525 bp large single-copy (LSC) region, a 18,726 bp small single-copy (SSC) region, and two inverted repeats (IR) regions, IRa and IRb (each 25,576 bp). The genome contains 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNAs genes, and 30 transfer RNAs genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. × tenuifolia is most closely related to Hagenia abyssinica.

Dried rhizomes of Actaea heracleifolia, used as a traditional Korean herbal medicine, are frequently adulterated with other plant species. For accurate species identification, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of A. heracleifolia using Illumina MiSeq. A. heracleifolia harbours a 159,578 bp chloroplast genome comprising a large single-copy region (88,770 bp), small single-copy region (18,070 bp) and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (IRa and IRb; each 26,519 bp). The chloroplast genome contains 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA genes, and 30 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. heracleifolia was closely related to Gymnaconitum gymnandrum.