Search

The mitogenome (17,388 bp) of the Nicobar shrew, Crocidura nicobarica was determined in the present study. The mitogenome comprises 13 PCGs (11,427 bp), 22 tRNAs (1507 bp), two rRNAs (2538 bp), and...

The Changbai Mountains comprise one of the main distribution areas of A. victorialis in China, and this species is endangered owing to habitat changes and overexploitation. However, A. victorialis germplasms have not been systematically collected and studied. The aims of this study were to obtain some detailed genetic information, analyze the genetic diversity, and further promote the protection of A. victorialis germplasms from the Changbai Mountains. Transcriptomic analysis was performed with six A. victorialis samples collected from the Changbai Mountains. At least 146,759 genes for each sample were obtained after performing de novo assembly of the RNA-seq data, and at least 92% of these genes were found to have only one mRNA isoform. These sequences and their functional annotations provided a large-scale genetic resource of this species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. victorialis was genetically distant from some related species, e.g. Allium sativum, Allium fistulosum, and Allium cepa, but genetically close to Allium tuberosum. The two A. victorialis var. listera samples were phylogenetically separated from the other four samples, and these two samples should be regarded as Allium listera. In addition, two KASP markers for discriminating the Dongfeng samples from the other four A. victorialis samples were successfully developed. This study lays the foundation for future studies on the genetic diversity and evolution of Allium species, as well as for the conservation of A. victorialis germplasms from the Changbai Mountains and other populations of this species.

Justicia ventricosa is a characteristic ethnic herb commonly used to treat Orthopedic pains. Here, to confirm its phylogenetic position and to develop molecular markers that can distinguish differe...

The structure and composition of the mitogenome of a bivalve mollusk, denoted as Mactra sp. (MT780813), has been obtained. The genome has a variable organization: it includes 12 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNAs, and two rRNA genes. Its content is sufficiently different from that of nearest specimen, accessed from GenBank, supposedly belonging to the other gender. All genes are encoded on the “+”-strand. All protein-coding genes are initiated with ATG codon. Analysis confirms the close topological position of the GenBank Mactra chinensis (KJ754823) and our M. sp. specimen on gene tree. Above data suggesting female- vs. male-type mitogenomes or cryptic species presence.

Scutellaria Linn. is a perennial herb with about 300 species. This genus has high medicinal value and many are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genomes of Scutellaria tsinyunensis and S. tuberifera. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive comparative genomics analysis with 12 other published Scutellaria species. These genomes all had a conserved quartile structure, and the gene contents, gene sequences and GC contents are highly similar. The study on the genetic characteristics and nucleotide substitution rate of different genes found that the protein-coding genes of chloroplasts have differed greatly. Most genes are under purifying selection, but the rps12 gene may have undergone positive selection. Besides, we identified three hypervariable regions as potential markers for Scutellaria taxa, which could play an important role in species identification of Scutellaria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 14 Scutellaria taxa were divided into two major clades. Moreover, the variation of IR regions is closely related to the evolutionary history as was reconstructed based on SNPs. In conclusion, we provided two high-quality chloroplast reference genomes of Scutellaria, this reliable information and genomic resources are valuable for developing of efficient DNA barcodes as reconstruction of chloroplast evolutionary history of the genus.

This study determined the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Chanodichthys mongolicus from China's Qiantang River and analyzed its phylogenetic history in the Subfamily Cultrinae. Next-generation sequencing was used to obtain the mitogenome of C. mongolicus, GenBank Accession Number MZ032228. The mitochondrial genome length of C. mongolicus from China's Qiantang River is 16,622 bp. The genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and two central noncoding regions (the control region and the origin of light strand replication). Based on BLAST comparisons, the sequence identity of C. mongolicus MZ032228 from China's Qiantang River was 99.84% to that of Ancherythroculter wangi MG783573 from China's Nei River, 99.75% to C. mongolicus AP009060 from Russia's Black River. The phylogenetic analysis is consistent with BLAST comparisons in confirming that A. wangi MG783573 and C. mongolicus MZ032228 show a high genetic similarity. This study also confirms mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in C. mongolicus for the first time and documents 35 heterogeneous loci that were detected.

Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii Castelnau, 1872) is distributed across most of the southern temperate ocean and migrates extensively between 30°S and 50°S. Since T. maccoyii has been continually and heavily exploited, it is necessary to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of T. maccoyii for effective management and conservation. Thirty-seven gonad tissues of T. maccoyii were sampled from two locations, which were in the eastern Indian Ocean and the eastern Atlantic Ocean, by scientific observers onboard Korean T. maccoyii longline vessels in 2015. We compared 1240-bp sequences of combined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, 504-bp) and control region (CR, 736-bp) sequences. The pairwise fixation index (FST) and maximum-likelihood tree showed that two clades (A and B) were formed regardless of locations. Clade A occurred more commonly than clade B in both localities: the occurrence ratio of clade A was 69% in the Indian Ocean, and 79% in the Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Our findings suggest that a historic differentiation event may have occurred in T. maccoyii, but recently the connectivity between the two oceans may be possible in T. maccoyii populations.

The frogs of genus Nyctibatrachus from the Western Ghats are endemic, with some taxa showing a narrow distribution range. Nyctibatrachus jog was known only from the type locality, Jog falls from Sharavathi river basin suggesting a restricted distribution. In this study, using DNA barcoding, we studied the distribution patterns of N. jog by sampling multiple river basins. 16S rRNA and Cytochrome b genes were used to distinguish N. jog from its congeners as well as to infer intra-species relationships. The results from the 16S rRNA gene showed 99% similarity of the collected individuals with the type specimen from Jog Falls confirming the identity of N. jog. The results indicate that N. jog has wide distribution extending its range in multiple river basins in the Western Ghats, India. This study also provides the Area of Occurrence and Extent of Occurrence of N. jog which could help in developing strategies for its conservation.

Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae), the Asian longhorned tick, which is native to temperate East Asia, has been recently detected in the northeastern region of the United States, drawing concerns about its potential impact on the US animal and public health sectors. Knowledge about the genetic features of H. longicornis found in the US is limited. Therefore, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mt-genome) from two H. longicornis ticks recently collected in the State of New York, USA, in 2020. These ticks were morphologically identified and tested for tick-borne pathogens at the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Storrs, CT). The mt-genome was 14,694 bp in length and encoded 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the mt-genome clustered with those of other H. longicornis identified in China. The mt-genome sequence was 99.7% identical to a H. longicornis mt-genome (GenBank: MK439888) collected in China. The cox1 gene haplotype in these ticks belonged to the H1 type, which is the dominant haplotype present in central NJ and Staten Island, NY. The complete mt-genome data are needed to provide insights into genetic changes and phylogenetic studies of H. longicornis ticks.

In this study, whole chloroplast genomes of five Salix species (S. argyracea, S. dasyclados, S. eriocephala, S. integra 'Hakuro Nishiki', and S. suchowensis) were sequenced. These chloroplast genomes were 155 ,605, 155, 763, 155, 552, 155, 538, and 155 ,550 bp in length, harboring 131 genes (77 unigenes), 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 86 mRNA genes, respectively. The genes ycf1, psaI, ycf2-2, rpoC2, rpl22, atpF, and ndhF were under positive selection among the 21 Salix species. psaI, ycf2-2, atpF, and ycf1-2 were under positive selection between the tree willow and shrub willow, and rpoC2, rpl22, and ycf1-2 were positively selected among the shrub genomes. The gene rps7 was most variable among the genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 21 Salix species and Chosenia arbutifolia provide evidence that the cp genome data partially support the relationship with traditional taxonomic concepts in the Flora of China. This chloroplast genome elucidates Salix taxonomy and provides evidence for evolutionary research.

We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of one spring-dwelling (Crangonyx forbesi) and four groundwater amphipods (Bactrurus brachycaudus, Stygobromus allegheniensis, S. pizzinii, and S. t. potomacus) from eastern North America using a shotgun sequencing approach on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Illumina, San Diego, CA). All five mitochondrial genomes encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) representative of subphylum Crustacea. Although the four groundwater species exhibited gene orders nearly identical to the ancestral pancrustacean gene order, the spring-dwelling species, C. forbesi, possessed a transposition of the trnH–nad4–nad4l loci downstream after nad6–cytb–trnS2. Moreover, a long nad5 locus, longer rrnL, and rrnS loci, and unconventional start codons distinguished C. forbesi from the four groundwater amphipods. Overall, our five amphipod mitogenomes add to the increasing publicly available mitogenome resources for amphipods that are not only valuable for studying the evolutionary relationships of this diverse group of crustaceans but for exploring the evolution of mitochondrial genomes in general.

The Guizhou odorous frog Odorrana kweichowensis is endemic to Guizhou Province, China. In this study, a comparative analysis of the mitochondrial COI and ND2 gene sequences was performed to examine genetic diversity in 109 individuals from ten localities across the geographic range of the species. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.576 and 0.00055, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses almost nested all haplotypes into one lineage. AMOVA indicated that total variation was mainly derived from variation within individual populations. Neutral tests indicated that a recent expansion occurred in the total population. Fst estimations indicated that genetic divergence was not correlated with geographic distance. Accordingly, the species probably experienced a recent population expansion, and there no obvious population genetic structure is apparent. The findings provide useful information for the conservation of this species.

The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of Sinocyclocheilus xiaotunensis was first reported by next-generation sequencing method. The entire length of mitochondrial genome is 16,588 bp and the nucleo...

The complete mitogenome sequence of Micromys erythrotis was determined using long PCR. The genome was 16,238 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer R...

The Pegu Rice Frog, Microhyla berdmorei is distributed across ten Asian countries. However, the DNA barcoding information (COI gene) is restricted to only Southeast Asian countries. Here, we sample...

Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. is a parasitic plant and widely distributed in Europe and North America. Here, we compared the plastome sequences of a C. gronovii plant collected from China and other 16 Cuscuta plastomes, including one C. gronovii plastome from North America. The plastome was 86,727 bp in size with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 14,354 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 50,956 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 7,063 bp. We predicted 97 genes in the plastome, including 61 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 28 transfer RNA genes. We detected a total of 21 microsatellite, 16 tandem, and ten interspersed repeats in the genome. Gene contents analysis of 17 Cuscuta plastomes showed the loss of the entire ndh gene family. The phylogenomic analysis using 22 shared protein sequences shows that the two C. gronovii formed a cluster. Thirteen of Cuscuta plastomes showed no rearrangement. The other three showed smaller inversions and smaller numbers of gene deletion. Next, we identified the two INDELs, one SNP site between the two C. gronovii plastomes. And we identified two putative RNA editing sites. Lastly, to distinguish between C. gronovii and two medicinal Cuscuta species, C. chinensis and C. australis, we identified ten molecular markers based on the genome sequences. The overall large-scale gene loss, conserved gene order, low intraspecific divergence are consistent with the adaptation of C. gronovii to a parasitic lifestyle.

Strobilanthes bantonensis Lindau belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It is an antiviral herb that can be used to prevent Influenza virus infections in the border areas between China and Vietnam. Loc...

S Aquilaria species is one of the main plant resources that produce agarwood, which containing black resin with important economic and medicinal values. There are about 15 species known to the genus around the world, but only two can be found in China, i.e. A. sinensis and A. yunnanensis. In this study, A. sinensis and A. yunnanensis that endemic respectively to Hainan and Yunnan were sampled, on the basis of the investigation and observation of their main morphological features in plantation. Five primers, i.e. ITS2, matK, trnL-trnF1, trnL-trnF2, and trnH-psbA, were eventually selected for DNA barcoding. The results showed that the seed surface of A. sinensis is smooth or sparsely pubescent, and the seed appendages were long. While the seed surface of A. yunnanensis is densely covered with yellow hairs and the seed appendages are short. The trnL-trnF1 sequence fragment has significant intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances. However, the species identification success rate of ITS2+matK combination was finally screened to be the highest, which was verified by the BBA method of TaxonDNA. The phylogenetic trees cluster analysis revealed that the classification of A. sinensis and A. yunnanensis is significant, and there is geographic isolation between the two species. Therefore, on the premise of accurate identification of plant morphological characters, ITS2+matK combination can be used to accurately identify the Aquilaria species in China.

Flesh-footed shearwater (Ardenna carneipes) is recognized as vulnerable seabird species in Western Australia and New South Wales, Australia, and its genetic variability and a well-resolved phylogeny is imperative for the species’ conservation. Here, we report the first sequenced mitogenome of the Australian A. carneipes. The mitogenome of A. carneipes was 16,370 bp in total length and encompassed 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and one non-coding region (D-loop). All of the genes were encoded on the H-strand with the exception of ND6 and eight tRNAs, which is a conserved pattern of the mitogenome for other vertebrates. The mitogenome of A. carneipes was dominated by higher AT (56.5%) than GC (43.5%) content. In the resulting phylogenetic tree using complete mitogenome sequences, flesh-footed shearwater and gray petrel (Procellaria cinerea) grouped together despite the high genetic distance (11.0%) between them, belonging to family Procellariidae. However, the phylogenetic tree was consistent with a previous study using partial nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b gene. These results highlight that further mitogenome sequences will be required from the closely related species under the genus Ardenna to delineate well-resolved phylogenetic classification at the genus and or species level. The present study provides a reference mitochondrial genome of flesh-footed shearwater for further molecular studies.

Culex tritaeniorhynchus Gile is a major vector of Japanese encephalitis in China. The population genetics study is crucial as it helps understanding the epidemiological aspects of mosquito-brone di...

In order to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Gymnocypris chilianensis, D-loop region of the mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in 50 individuals of G. chilianensis obtained from 2 geographic locations (Heihe River and Shule River) and 25 individuals of G. przewalskii (Qinghai Lake). Twenty-five homologous sequences of another G. eckloni (Yellow River) downloaded from GenBank were analyzed together. The sequences were analyzed by using the MEGA (version 7.0) and DnaSP (version 6.0) software. The results revealed that 82 haplotypes were detected among 100 individuals. The haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) of G. chilianensis of the Shule River were 0.963 ± 0.029 and 0.00414 ± 0.00069, which were lower than those of 3 other populations. The genetic distance of G. chilianensis in both Heihe River and Shule River was 0.0013. The genetic distances between the 2 G. chilianensis populations and the G. eckloni were 0.0148 and 0.0141, respectively. Population differentiation values (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) showed that 4 population had occurred obvious genetic differentiation (Fst: 0.20811 ∼ 0.98863. p

Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. naturally occurs in eastern Australia from New South Wales to north Queensland. After being introduced to China, it has become an important tree species of ecological shelter plantations in coastal areas of southern China. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. cunninghamiana was sequenced and analyzed based on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The cp genome of C. cunninghamiana was found to be 15,6129 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 86,200 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,457 bp, which were separated by two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,736 bp. The cp genome contains 132 genes, consisting of 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the cp genome was 36.34%. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that C. cunninghamiana was closely related to C. glauca and C. equisetifolia and clustered with 4 Betulaceae species.

Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehder is a common small shrub in northern China. In order to study the fine nectar characteristics and water and soil conservation characteristics of V. negundo, the analysis of chloroplast genome would provide theoretical basis for economic development and germplasm utilization of V. negundo. The chloroplast genome sequence (accession number MW366787) of V. negundo was accepted by high-throughput sequencing technology using a plant from Jiulongshan, Mentougou District, Beijing, China. The total length of the chloroplast genome is 154,438 bp, and the A, T, C and G content of the whole genome is 30.48, 31.26, 19.42, and 18.84%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of 16 Verbenaceae plants (including V. negundo) with Arabidopsis thaliana as the outgroup was carried out by the maximum likelihood method; and the result shows that V. negundo is relatively closed to Vitex rotundifolia.

The high-throughput sequencing method was used for the first time to determined complete mitochondrial genome of Orgyia postica. The complete mitochondrial genome was a circular molecule with 15,25...

In this study, the complete 16,583 bp mitochondrial genome of Lamprologus signatus (Poll, 1952) was determined from a specimen sourced from Lake Tanganyika. The mitogenome contains 37 genes [13 pro...

Athrotaxis cupressoides (Cupressaceae) is a Tasmanian endemic conifer. It is mainly threatened by habitat fragmentation and limited distribution, yet little is known about its genomic background. I...

Pareuchiloglanis longicauda, a Sisorid fish that is distributed in the upper Pearl River. In this study, the complete mitogenome of P. longicauda was sequenced using traditional Sanger sequencing a...

Hordeum distichon (H. distichon) is a two-row cultivated barley used as food and as a feed crop. Chloroplast genome is an excellent way to study the genetic structure and evolutionary process of na...

The current study describes the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of an egg parasitoid wasp, Telenomus remus Nixon 1937. This mitogenome is 16,014 bp in length, consisting of 37 typical co...

Astragalus complanatus Bunge is a perennial herb with high medicinal value, and is endemic to China. The plastid genome of A. complanatus was determined to be 124,213 bp in length with an A + T-biased nucleotide composition (65.7% A + T). The plastid genome harbors a total of 111 genes, including 75 protein-coding, 32 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. The presence of one or two introns was detected in 11 protein-coding genes and 6 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. complanatus failed to cluster together with the seven congeners, implying that its phylogenetic placement may need further investigation.

Salvia leucantha (Lamiaceae) is an important horticultural plant with great ornamental and economic value. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of this species. The chloroplast genome was determined to be 151021 bp and the GC contents was 38.0%. The sequence includes a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,262 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,537 bp, and two separated inverted regions of 25,611 bp each. It contains 130 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Based on the chloroplast genomes data of 26 species in Salvia, our result indicated that S. leucantha, S. tiliifolia, S. hispanica, and S. splendens formed one clade with Bootstrap = 100%. The four species belong to Salvia subgenus Calosphace, and S. leucantha was closely related to Salvia tiliifolia and Salvia hispanica. This result will facilitate population, genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies of S. leucantha.

Rusa unicolor has been listed as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources because of human activities. In recent years, population numbers ha...

In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Pycanum ochraceum was identified for the first time. The entire genome is 17,198 bp in length with 73.6% A + T content. It contains 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 1 noncoding control region (D-loop). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Tessaratomidae bugs are monophyletic. This study can provide essential DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for Heteroptera.

Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain is an ethnomedicinal plant with high nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome of F. macrophylla. The chloropla...

3 páginas Tillandsia landbeckii Phil. is a vulnerable species belonging to the terrestrial Bromeliaceae family; it is highly adapted to extremely hyper-arid conditions of the Atacama Desert and Peruvian deserts. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated its chloroplast genome. T. landbeckii chloroplast genome is 159,131 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 87,164 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,521 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,723 bp. The GC content of the chloroplast genome is 37.33%. It encodes a total of 132 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree indicates that T. landbeckii is placed within the Bromeliaceae family and has a close relationship with T. marconae with 100% support.

Yishui Lily 140 (Lilium lancifolium) is a hybrid lily species which was bred from wild lily varieties due to its edible and medicinal value. In this study, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) of L. lancifolium. The complete cp sequence is 152,643 bp long, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,084 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,513 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,492 bp each. The GC contents of the complete cp genomes are 37.0%. It contains 132 genes, including 86 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 38 transfer RNAs. Among them, 16 different genes have a single intron and the remaining two genes have double introns, including nine cis-splicing and one trans-splicing genes. Compared with other species, we found three high variation hot spots and 96 repeats sequence. The genetic information of Lilium can be enriched as well as identifying proximal species. They are edible and have medicinal value for humans. Therefore, sequencing of Yishui Lily 140 is important to explore the cp genome composition.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Dioszegia changbaiensis we sequenced and assembled by the next-generation sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome of Dioszegia changbaiensis contained 22 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total length of the Dioszegia changbaiensis mitochondrial genome is 34,853 bp, and the GC content of the mitochondrial genome is 41.88%. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that the mitochondrial genome of Dioszegia changbaiensis exhibited a close relationship with that of Hannaella oryzae.

Arisaema bockii Engler is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant, which is widely distributed in many provinces in China such as Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of A. bockii was assembled and characterized based on high-throughput sequencing data. The total length of chloroplast genome was 175,537 bp, including large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions of 98,870 bp and 23,345 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 27,161 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome contained 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and one pseudogene. The overall GC content of the genome was 33.6%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 30 chloroplast genomes revealed that A. bockii was mostly related to the same genus species A. ringens, A. franchetianum and A. erubescens. The work reported the first complete chloroplast genome of A. bockii, which may provide some useful information to the evolution of the family Araceae.

Epimedium L. is an important medicinal herbaceous genus in the family Berberidaceae. Epimedium platypetalum K. Mey. is a plant species only narrowly distributed in the western part of China. Here, the complete chloroplast genome of Epimedium platypetalum was assembled. The chloroplast genome of E. platypetalum was 159,088 bp in length, with a total GC content of 38.79%. A total of 112 unique genes were identified, among which 78 are protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic results revealed that E. platypetalum formed a sister relationship with E. membranaceum K. Mey. Our findings provided valuable data for future research on phylogenetic relationship and germplasm exploration within the genus Epimedium.

The relationship between Callicarpa rubella Lindl. and its infraspecific taxa has troubled researchers for a long time. Here, we reported for the first time the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of ...

Debregeasia hekouensis, which belongs to the nettle family (Urticaceae), is a local endemic species in Hekou County, Yunnan Province, China. To provide a basis for the development of effective molecular markers for its conservation, we sequenced the chloroplast (cp) genome of D. hekouensis in the present study. The total length of the chloroplast(cp) genome was 155,941 bp, and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, with a pair of IRs (inverted repeats; 25,664 bp in length) being separated by a small single copy (SSC) region of 19,085 bp and a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,528 bp. The cp genome contained a total of 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The GC content of the entire cp genome, LSC region, SSC region, and IR region was 36.3%, 34.0%, 29.4%, and 42.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that D. hekouensis is evolutionarily closer to Debregeasia orientalis and Debregeasia squamata.

Potentilla sischanensis Bunge ex Lehm. is a widespread perennial herb in north China. The plant has little yellow flowers, and the petioles are white-tomentose and sparsely villous. To determine the chloroplast genome, total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves and sequenced. The complete chloroplast genome was assembled and annotated. The chloroplast genome of this plant is a circular form with a length of 156,240 bp, including a large single-copy region (LSC, 85,748 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC, 18,566 bp), and two inverted repeats (IRs, 25,963 bp). A total of 132 genes were predicted, comprising 87 encoded proteins, 8 rRNAs and 37 tRNAs. The evolutionary history indicates that P. sischanensis was grouped within Potentilla and formed a clade with Potentilla chinensis and Potentilla stolonifera with a 100% bootstrap support value. The complete cp genome can serve as a reference for future studies on molecular biology, evolution, population genetics, taxonomy and resource protection.

In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Pterygoplichthys pardalis has derived by next-generation sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. pardalis contains 16,425 bp encompassing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region (D-loop). The base composition is A 31.79%, C 26.89%, G 14.63%, and T 26.69%, and its gene arrangement is consistent with mitochondrial genomes derived from other representatives of Loricariidae. A phylogenetic tree of 24 Loricariidae species constructed based on the 13 coding genes shows that P. pardalis is clustered with other Pterygoplichthys genus. It suggests that the molecular classification results confirm its external morphological characteristics. These results have reference value for the further study of phylogenetic relationship, taxonomic classification, and phylogeography of Loricariidae.

We present the complete mitochondrial genome of Toxotes chatareus yielded by the next-generation sequencing data in this study. The complete mitochondrial genome of T. chatareus has 16,543 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a single control region (D-loop). The overall base composition was A 28.75%, C 29.80%, G 15.77%, T 25.68% and its gene arrangement was similar with other Carangaria mitochondrial genomes. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships of 13 Carangaria species based on the complete mitochondrial genome was analyzed using the neighbor-joining method. The result showed T. chatareus was clustered with L. lactarius suggesting the close phylogenetic affinity they owned. Together, the complete mitochondrial genome of T. chatareus would be beneficial for the study of phylogenetic relationship, taxonomic classification and phylogeography of the Carangaria.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the lizard, Teratoscincus przewalskii, which belongs to the family Sphaerodactylidae was determined based on Illumina data in this study. The result showed that the closed double-stranded circular mitogenome was 16,779 bp in total length (GenBank accession number: MW491837) with 44.07% GC. The complete mitochondrial genome consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal genes, and one noncoding control region. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial genomes suggested that T. przewalskii was most closely related to its congener T. keyserlingii. This work provides valuable molecular information for further research on species identification and molecular evolution.

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Corydalis fangshanensis W.T. Wang ex S.Y. He, a Chinese endemic plant with limestone-specific distribution was first reported. The cp genome was circular in structure and 192,554 bp in length, consisting of a large single copy region (LSC, 98,393 bp), two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 42,263 bp), and a small single copy region (SSC, 9,635 bp). The overall GC content of the genome was 40.26%. It encoded 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis resolved C. fangshanensis was closely related to C. saxicola G.S. Bunting within Corydalis sect. Thalictrifoliae (Fedde) Lidén, in line with morphological character-based taxonomy. Our result provides informative data for studying the taxonomy, phylogeny and ecology of Corydalis, especially species with specific-limestone distribution and also for studying the adaptive evolution in plants.

Lonicera similis Hemsl. belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family and used as a substitute for ‘jin yin hua’. Recent years, it demonstrates great economic value because of its rich chemical composition....

We report complete chloroplast genome (plastome) sequences of Stylidium debile (150,105 bp) and Stylidium petiolare (150,998 bp). Both plastomes had the typical quadripartite structure, with large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions. Both plastomes have lost the rps19 and ycf15 CDS genes, and had infA-like, rps22-like, and rps7-like pseudogenes. Moreover, IR regions were expanded by having trnHGUG tRNA and the rps22-like pseudogene. Plastome phylogenomic analyses showed that the two Stylidium species formed a monophyletic clade (BS = 100), sister to the Argophyllaceae (BS = 86/83). Sequence differences between the two Stylidium plastomes were 5011 sites, including 2166 variable sites and 2845 indels, with the petA-psbJ spacer the most variable region, followed by the trnKUUU-matK intron and trnGUUG-rps16 spacer.

Avena chinensis is recognized as one of the cereals with high nutritional value in the world. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of A. chinensis was reported. The complete cp genome of A. chinensis was 135,899 bp in length with a GC content of 38.51%, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 80,117 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,576 bp, and a pair of inverted repeated regions of 21,603 bp. The A. chinensis cp genome encoded 128 functional genes, including 82 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis showed that A. chinensis was closely related to Avena hybrid and Avena occidentalis.

The complete chloroplast genome of Chondria tumulosa, a red alga from Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll), Hawai‘i, was determined and analyzed using next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly approaches. The chloroplast genome sequence of C. tumulosa was 172,617 bp and contained 231 genes, consisting of 197 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNA genes, three ribosomal RNA genes, one transfer-messenger RNA gene, one non-coding RNA gene, and one intron inserted into the trnM gene. The number of genes and genome structure was largely similar to other members of the family Rhodomelaceae. The phylogenomic analysis of 32 complete cpDNA from the red algal order Ceramiales showed that C. tumulosa is a distinct species within the Chondrieae tribe, and is a diverging early relative to the other three available Chondria chloroplast genomes.