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Rhynchocypris lagowskii sensu lato (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) has been revealed as a species complex including two species, i.e. R. lagowskii sensu stricto and a cryptic species R. cf. lagowskii. We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of R. cf. lagowskii by comparing with a published mitogenome of R. lagowskii sensu stricto. The two species displayed similar pattern of mitochondrial gene arrangements and similar base compositions of the heavy strain with a bias in the A + T content. There were the nucleotide sequence similarity of 91.8% for mitogenomes and pairwise p-distance of 6.9% for COI genes between R. cf. lagowskii and R. lagowskii sensu stricto and these results supported the two species as different species.

The taxonomy and systematics of Phoxinus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) is still not well-resolved. In this study, we determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phoxinus tumensis. The mitogenome was 17,050 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 27.9% for A, 25.5% for C, 28.4% for T and 18.2% for G. The control region was revealed to contain tandem repeats. The mitogenome data of P. tumensis should contribute to clarify the systematics of Phoxinus fishes.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Plesiopidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) was determined using the Eastern hulafish Trachinops taeniatus as a representative species of the family. The mitogenome was 16,821 bp in length, including 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The gene arrangement was similar to other fishes except for the reversal position of tRNAAla and tRNAAsn. The overall base composition was 27.4% for A, 27.5% for C, 27.4% for T and 17.7% for G. This mitogenome should contribute to resolving phylogenetic position of Plesiopidae.

We first determined complete mitochondrial genomes of Rana dybowskii and Rana cf. chensinensis (Anura: Ranidae). The mitogenomic lengths of R. dybowskii and R. cf. chensinensis were 18,864 and 18,808 bp, respectively. The two mitogenomes have similar gene compositions including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a control region. Rana dybowskii and R. cf. chensinensis mitogenomes displayed same gene order arrangements and similar base compositions with an A + T bias. Mitogenomic data of the two species contributed to provide molecular marker for their conservative genetics and clarified their phylogenetic position under mitogenome-based phylogeny of the genus Rana.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Cerithioidea (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) was determined using a freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina (Cerithioidea: Semisulcospiridae) as a representative species of the superfamily. The mitogenome was 15,432 bp in length, including 13 typical invertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall base composition was 31.4% for A, 17.8% for C, 34.8% for T and 16.0% for G with a A + T bias. The mitogenome of S. libertina displayed novel gene order arrangement compared with published Caenogastropoda mitogenomes to date. This mitogenome contributed in resolving phylogenetic position and interrelationships of Cerithioidea.

Phylogenetic placement of Pseudorasbora elongate remains unresolved. We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome of P. elongate that its mitogenome data should contribute to clarify the systematics of Pseudorasbora fishes. The mitogenome was 16,607 bp in length, including 13 typical protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 31.1% for A, 24.8% for C, 28.2% for T and 15.9% for G, with the A + T bias of 59.3%.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Opistognathidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) has been determined using the Southern Smiler, Opistognathus jacksoniensis, as a representative species of the family. This mitogenome was 16,650 bp in length, including 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 27.4% for A, 30.2% for C, 25.7% for T and 16.7% for G. The mitogenome data of O. jacksoniensis should contribute to clarify phylogenetic position of Opistognathidae under mitogenome-based phylogenetic reconstruction of perciform fishes.