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Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term toxicity caused by radiation treatment in the head and neck with the technique of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)., Methods: We selected 20 patients, 18 men and 2 women aged between 21 and 71 years, undergoing radiation therapy (IMRT) in head and neck. Patients were visited during radiotherapy and followed for six months after the end of the therapy. We assessed the presence of: mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysphagia, pain, trismus and, in the case of late-onset complications, radiation cavities., Results: Acute toxicity: in 20 patients, 18 reported mucositis, 19 xerostomia, 17, dysgeusia, 15 dysphagia, 18 had pain and 3 patients had trismus. Tardive toxicity: in 14 patients, 5 reported mucositis, 11 xerostomia, 6 dysgeusia, 2 dysphagia, 3 had pain, 4 trismus and in 4 patients were found radiation cavities., Conclusion: Acute complications with higher prevalence were xerostomia (19 of 20 patients), dysgeusia of 2nd grade (11 patients of 20), mucositis of 1st grade and pain of 1st grade (10 patients of 20). Among the late complications it was noted a maintenance of the high prevalence of xerostomia (11 patients of 14) and an increase in prevalence of trismus (4 patients of 14) against a reduction of all other complications. The presence of radiation cavities in 4 patients of 14 was also recorded.

Aim: The aim of the present paper is to continue the previous study, with 52 new additional cases, confronting in vivo the behavior of 4 different suture materials (Ethibond Excel, Monocryl, silk and Vicryl) in oral surgery., Methods: The clinical aspects have been particularly underlined: the intraoperative easy handling, the estate of the nodes and the resistance of the thread, the plaque accumulation, the tissue response in the short term (within 3 weeks) as well as in the long term (90 days), all estimated with objective parameters., Results: Fifty-two out of a total of 55 new subjects included in the program have been followed throughout all the experimentation. Of the remaining 3, 1 didn't come for the suture removal, the second had a bleeding phenomenon 2 days after surgery and he went to the emergency department where sutures were replaced. The last one refused to come back for the 90 days control. These patients have been excluded from the experimentation. Data regarding the 52 patients are: plaque index recorded on the suture (Visible Plaque Index), number and percentage of sutures lost before 7/10 days, adverse reactions observed on the surgical site (14/20 days), total plaque index, and healing level and dental-periodontal status at 90 days., Conclusions: The clinical healing at 90 days was the same for all the different threads, differently from what happened in the critical postoperative period (within the 3 weeks).

Aim: The development of oral implant techniques and the demand for the treatment of increasingly complex cases have drawn the attention of researchers and clinicians towards those systems and materials able to promote bone regeneration. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the clinical behavior and in particular the resorption times of the material used as a filler in postextractive alveolus with the intent of preserving the ridge volume, a prerequisite for successive insertion of osteointegrated fixtures., Methods: A group of 12 patients, aged between 30-40 years, have been selected at the Oral Surgery Unit of the San Giovanni Calibita Hospital in Rome. They all required an endosseous implant following the loss of a dental element due to radicular fracture of periodontal pathology. The grafting material used is OsteoBiol Putty, an antigen-free bone paste composed of 80% granulated mix and 20% pure collagen., Results: The results emerging from the histological analysis show that 3 months after insertion of this osteoconductive material in the receiving site it can no longer be detected in the samples collected and it has been completely substituted by trabecular bone tissue., Conclusions: The conclusion is drawn that the heterologous material used in this study shows excellent manageability allowing the operator to easily and accurately remove and shape it in the receiving site.

Aim: This study examines 10.112 cases in 10 years of bilateral block anaesthesia to Spix's spine. The aim of this study is therefore to eliminate any doubt about executing a bilateral anaesthesia to Spix's spine for the extraction, in inclusion and impacted of the inferior wisdom teeth., Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 10,112 operations (59% females, 41% males,) regarding the removal of the lower 3 molar teeth undertaken in the past 10 years. Locoregional anaesthesia and standard instruments and protocol were applied to all operations. The anaesthetic used was mepicavina at 2% with epinefrine 1:100,000 with a 4 x 25 mm, 27 Gauge needle. In order to completely anaesthetize the areas subject to surgery a quantity of approximately 3-ml on each side was injected. Local anaesthetics used were the same throughout the study; all the patients were in good health and not undergoing any pharmaceutical treatment., Results: The onset of complications was 3 times less when using local anaesthesia (LA) compared to general anaesthesia (GA). It was also proven that local anaesthesia was advantageous, as the operation time was considerably less (24 min for LA and 46 min for GA)., Conclusions: The paper shows that LA offers a significant reduction in complications, psychological advantages for the patients and facilitation of the operational position too, so that GA is to be preferred only for non-cooperative patients.

Background: The increasingly frequent removal of asymptomatic or pathology free lower third molars raises several questions. In this paper, the relationships between inclusion of impacted third molars and facial typology, in studied in order to have a further evaluation parameter for their removal., Methods: The study was carried out an 50 cephalometric radiographs. The patients, 25 males and 25 females, have been submitted to surgical treatment at our oral Surgery Department to remove the lower impacted third molarst., Results: Among patients admitted for impacted third molars removal there was a larger percentage of brachyfacial (84% of the males, 71% of the females) in comparison with normofacial (8% of the males, 19% of the females) and dolichofacial (8% of the males, 10% of the females)., Conclusions: The facial type, characterised by a shortened vertical dimension of the lower third of the face and an anticlockwise mandibular growth, presents a greater risk of included wisdom teeth.

Supernumerary teeth are relatively common in the general population, affecting the primary and the permanent dentition and have been reported in many genetic syndromes. They are classified according to form and shape. Seven different examples of hyperodontia are presented to highlight the numerical and morphological variation in dental abnormalities manifestations, empathising the importance of thorough clinical and radiological examination and of a correct therapeutic approach. The patients presented single or multiple hyperodontia, with particular interest for a 12 supernumerary teeth case. The clinical problems linked to supernumerary teeth were: impaction or ectopic eruption, crowding, possible root resorption of adjacent teeth. The therapeutical approach of supernumerary teeth varied on the position of the element in excess and on the complexity of the clinical case. In some cases the single extraction of the supernumerary tooth was indicated, while in other cases the extraction of the tooth was needed in addition to orthodontic treatment to gain sufficient space for the tooth with delayed eruption.

In order to provide information on the morphological features of both human midpalatal suture and periodontal ligament, bioptic samples were obtained from patients whose age was between 10 and 30 years. The samples were embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned, stained with toluidine blue and observed by light microscopy. The periodontal ligament and the midpalatal suture appeared very similar with regard to the histological characteristics of the connective tissue but differed in the nature of the bone tissue associated to it. The alveolar bone lining the periodontal ligament was a bundle bone whereas the bone lining the connective tissue of the sutures was both lamellar and bundle bone. The absence of osteoblasts, osteoclasts or undifferentiated cells in the sutures under examination suggests that they are subjected to a slow bone turnover during their life cycle. On the contrary, the presence of mesenchymal cells in the periodontal ligament supports the notion that these cells are precursors of osteogenic cells involved in the high rate of bone remodelling that characterizes the alveolar bundle bone. The present results are discussed taking into account physiologic and therapeutic aspects of the two structures under examination.