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The concept of motherhood is discussed as a gender device that creates processes of disadvantage and vulnerability. The results presented in this article were generated and analyzed using the biographical method. Through the testimonies of six Guatemalan migrant women, it is shown how the individual experience is interwoven with the historical reality of a given time and space. It is concluded that motherhood, exercised in contexts of inequality, and during migratory processes, is mediated, regulated, and sanctioned by institutions that affect and determine the quality of life of women-mothers-migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the importance of civil society organizations that support indigenous migrant women's rights in the states of Texas and California in the U.S. From the ethnographic work carried out through a decolonized, collaborative, and feminist methodology, a collaboration began with three organizations from the aforementioned states. This text will detail the actions carried out by these organizations to alleviate the obstacles faced by indigenous women in the country. The article focuses on two different migration scenarios: firstly, when women are intercepted and detained by the Border Patrol, and secondly when they reach their destination. Both migration situations involve complex and operational analyses by the organizations and the affected women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes imaginaries and rumors about the sexual life of migrants that circulate in transnational communities, through a qualitative approach on Mexican men in Chicago (United States) and Peruvian women in Buenos Aires (Argentina). The findings suggest that in contemporary Latin American mobilities, transnational imaginaries and rumors are the product of tensions between social transformation and control. They express concerns about the possibility of transgressing the limits imposed by the heteropatriarchal organization of sexuality and gender, and by racial constructs and class structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 90s the revitalized economy of the called Nuevo New South has recruited Latin immigrants at unused pace and scale; simultaneously, around neoliberal restructuration processes, emerging accelerated f lows of people with an origin in Central and Southern Mexico were the response to the increased demand for cheap labor in Southeastern United States. Supported on information collected at the municipality of Pahuatlán, Puebla, as well as at the counties of Durham and Orange, North Carolina, is proposed in this article to analyze the interlocking of two female migration patterns and the women's unstable precarious enrollment into the restaurant and cleaning industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an ethnographic case study of the experiences of Peruvian female migrants at the International Bus Terminal of Arica (Chile). The analysis aims to establish theoretical-methodological linkages that question the structure-agency dichotomy, based on the spatial experiences of locals and migrants. We begin by contextualizing the research and debating some theoretical categories of the urban migration studies. Later we develop an ethnographic description of the Terminal's internal spaces and how they "interlock" with the landscape of Arica. Our main conclusion regarding these findings proposes the concept of hyper-border spatiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the initial results of a study on Maya-Yucatecan migrant women who have settled permanently in Los Angeles, California. The reasons that led them to migrate are addressed as well as the way they came to the United States and joined the work force. Certain aspects that permitted their insertion into Los Angeles society are highlighted, together with identity recovery practices to show that adaptation to the host culture is slow, irregular and incomplete, but enough for them to deploy survival strategies. The paper is based on the assumption that female migration lends this phenomenon specific characteristic that warrant special attention. Accordingly, the analysis of the document is based on an interpretation of the meaning of the actions, for which the content of ten in-depth interviews conducted in Los Angeles in 2012 was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-parent families in immigration are a phenomenon that has scarcely been explored in Spain, despite the frequency of these forms of household among migrant women, particularly Latin American women who settle in this country. Poverty and single parenthood are two elements that often appear simultaneously in the trajectories of migrant women. The incidence of single parenthood among migrant women from Latin America—specifically Andean and Caribbean countries— resident in Spain will be analyzed in this article. The paper will show how Latin American women have a higher percentage of this type of household. This paper examines forms of entry into single parenthood, and the living conditions of these families once in Spain. It proves that emigrating in single parenthood conditions raises the risk of poverty in Spain. It will be proved that migration in single parenthood has different profiles in relation to the causes of the migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the contemporary migration of Bolivian women to Cordoba, Argentina. It seeks to reconstruct the fragments that constitute the personal trajectories of these women and the roles they assume in the migration process, taking into account the images, practices and representations that Bolivian women elaborate and express in regard to their condition as Bolivians, women and migrants. It will show that by recovering the migratory experiences of those women it is possible to identify the strategies that Bolivian families implement in the development and consolidation of the migration project to Córdoba. To this end, a qualitative methodology is chosen, combining participant observation and in-depth interviews with Bolivian migrants, both women and men, who arrived in Córdoba between the second half of the 20th century and the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even without access to low-cost telephone calls and efficient, organized communication, and regardless of their inability to send regular, sufficient remittances, Honduran immigrants in Tapachula still develop transnational ties with their communities of origin. Adopting an expanded approach to transnationalism, and based on a qualitative research, this article presents the case of an intra-regional migration movement, examining the flexibility of transnational involvements and its coexistence with settlement and integration of immigrants. It seeks to demonstrate that different expressions of transnational ties depend upon the context (at the national, local and family levels), individual characteristics of people involved and the stage of the settlement and integration process when this transnational involvement takes place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the analysis of the strategies of Ecuadorian women in Seville. In particular, we see how the strategy of accumulating assets in the reconstruction and resignification of migrant social women is implemented, by analyzing their evolution from a context of departure acknowledged as one of crisis (a polysemic term that not only includes the financial crisis of 1999 but also a crisis of the social reproduction of patriarchal structures and personal relations) to the current context of economic crisis in reception societies. These strategies include the implementation of resources, whether material, social, political or symbolic, and their administration by "female" networks that have been rebuilt and resignified as the migratory process develops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent decades have seen a wave of Latin-American immigrants to the North American region, particularly urban areas of the United States. Sociological studies have witnessed a change in migration patterns to new destinations within the country, particularly rural areas of the midwest. These changes have serious implications when intervening with populations that experience multiple form of oppression, such as immigrant women. This article uses a womanist and Chicana feminist perspective to examine factors related to domestic violence in communities with recent immigrants in the state of Iowa. The objective is to promote activism in protecting the rights of women that experience domestic violence, and are simultaneously re-victimized for being Latinas, women, immigrants and Spanish speakers. This analysis is based on the literature on gender and violence in the United States and is part of an ethnographic study conducted on Mexican women survivors of domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on specific aspects of the relationships and dynamics used by the habitants of two Michoacan localities to maintain a way of life that engages in practices that links several places within a transnational space dimension. There, work activities, culture, marital and familial relations are produced, transported and transformed by those involved immigratory flows. They show how families, particularly wives, respond and reorganize to survive the migration of one or more of their members, or their own migration. They construct ways of life in which long distance married life, female work and a greater role in decision-making become commonplace infamily reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows how embodiment (ethnicity, gender and nationality) works as representations in the migratory process. This anthropological study about immigrant women in Chiapas uses the perspective of cultural racism. The analysis focuses on the way women from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador deal with representations of their otherness in Mexican territory. This work is the result of a postdoctoral research in Ecosur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feminization of work-related migration alters family roles and relationships and has a direct impact on the development of the children left behind. The purpose of this study is to show the risk and protection factors perceived in Dominican society for children when the mother emigrates. Risk factors include a lack of mother-child communication; being demanding in relationships; and an anomalous substitute family atmosphere. Conversely, protection factors encompass frequent communication with the mother; an affectionate relationship between the guardian and the child; when the guardian is a family member who is very close to the mother and the promotion of values such as thrift, effort and sacrifice. The results of social perception coincide with existing literature, but it is debatable whether the factors perceived are actually those that most affect the psychological and social development of children left behind by migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented concerning gender and migration scholarship in the early 21st century. It examines attempts to make gender an institutional part of immigration scholarship, links between women's migration and paid family care and domestic work, and a focus upon various sexualities including gay and queer identities. The article also discusses scholarship concerning sex trafficking, the relationship between migration and borderlands, and the study of gender, migration and children.

We base this article on a research project on women who emigrate to Spain because they have a romantic relationship with a Spanish man. We discuss partial results in order to demonstrate a unique migratory reality, which can also be approached from a transnational perspective. These women plan their migration and leave their country with the goal of forming a family in the destination country. This personal and individual plan, generally, is unconnected to migratory networks that could provide family or community support. A characteristic of these women's transnationality is their dependent incorporation into the destination country and the denial of their migrant condition, which entails the absence of a plan to return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on international migration patterns for people going from Valle de Chalco-Solidaridad, in the state of México, to the United States. We present information from a representative sample of households in that municipality, surveyed in April and May 2007. This quantitative data is complemented with information from in-depth interviews with heads of households, who were selected based on the survey. The article is anchored in the theories found in the sociodemographic literature on Mexico-U.S. migration, which indicate a change in that migratory profile. Features of the new profile include more emigration from urban localities, incorporation of women into the migratory outflows, and migrants' higher levels of education. The results underscore the high levels of international migration for Chalco households, a high rate of return, and a notable dispersion in the U.S. destination communities, which is related to migrants' poverty and high levels of job insecurity in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of a study conducted on female Spanish expatriates in Mexico City. From a gender perspective, the article analyzes the labor experiences, as well as the everyday activities and geographical perceptions, of a group of highly-skilled professional women who "accompany" their husbands (or partners) in the migratory process. Specifically, it examines the way gender relations are linked to family-based processes of negotiation that are related to women's new position in both the workplace and the home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on immigrant women's narratives of language experiences told by Mexicans in San Diego (California) and Moroccan women in Andalusia (Southeastern Spain). Our study analyzes immigrant womens settlement experiences in their respective receiving countries by looking at the instrumental and ideological aspects of language. We center our attention on Mexican and Morroccan women's processes of identity construction in both contexts. We address these issues, by integrating sociological and linguistic approaches to the study of immigrant womens narratives of migration. Despite the historical differences in the two migration contexts, our analysis shows that through similar settlement experiences, in which language is fundamental to migrants' identity construction, female migrants' voices resonate universally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish government's new policy of hiring seasonal migrant workers has launched a new stage in the process of agricultural-worker substitution in the province of Huelva. Initially, the exodus of Spanish seasonal workers encouraged the arrival of foreign workers, principally Moroccans. Now, those workers, who came from the Maghreb region of northwestern Africa, are being displaced by female workers from Eastern Europe, primarily from Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria. This article analyses the processes of labor exclusion of Maghreb workers, and the insertion and mobility of the female workers from Eastern Europe, who, nevertheless, are subjected to intense stigmatization by the local society. This has provoked an increase in inter-ethnic conflict based on labor-market competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses whether or not women who marry after migration have a better chance of finding employment than their single counterparts. There is also the question regarding the wages earned by husbands who married before and after migration. Several researchers believe that women who marry after migration instead of before are more likely to be independent and more successful in the labor force.

Young single women from Mexico and Central America are becoming more numerous in the flow of migrants to the United States. An examination of the retrospective marital histories from the samples of the 1990 and 1995 Current Population Survey shows strong temporal connections between women's international migration and other life-course events, namely, marriage and divorce. For single women born in Mexico or Central America, proportional hazards estimation reveals a much higher likelihood of first marriage during the first years of migration, than before migration. For all migrant women, the likelihood of experiencing a first divorce around the time of migration is greater than at any other time. These findings suggest that decisions about family formation (and dissolution) may be an integral part of the decision to migrate and settle in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of contemporary trends in immigration to the United States and a descriptive analysis of gendered patterns of immigrants' economic incorporation. Since the 1970s, both legal and illegal female immigration to the United States has increased steadily, suggesting a trend toward more permanent settlement compared with that of the past. Today, more than half of the immigrants to the United States are female. Although these women often migrate for reasons similar to those of men (such as seeking better economic opportunities or escaping persecution and extreme hardships), their experiences with labor-market incorporation and family formation differ from those of men, raising new issues for the understanding of the role of gender in immigrant settlement and adaption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to demonstrate that each approach to immigration, immigrant women, and identity that appeared in the British literature from the 1970s through the 1990s was an attempt to create a theory to account for differences and similarities within the diverse immigrant groups in the United Kingdom. However, serious gaps exist in these approaches in that they do not address what constitutes culture for the immigrants themselves or how their construction of culture differs from what they perceive to be the culture of the country to which they migrate. This poses difficulties in understanding the meaning immigrants attribute to their cultural and gender identities and how these identities may evolve in the host country. This article argues that while it is important not to ignore the power of political and economic forces and history as contributors to women's formation of identities, it is at least as important to think about identity as an individual appropriation and a creation of individual meanings. There is a need to understand the intersection between culture, social structure, and biography in order to recognize differences in the shaping of cultural and gender identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute la migración mexicana a los Estados Unidos desde un punto de vista de género. El trabajo intenta hablar del proceso migratorio entre México y su vecino al norte. Este proceso está cambiando los roles sociales y la participación de la mujer dentro de la familia. Este cambio está provocando situaciones de mayor igualdad de poder entre los géneros. Desde los años setenta, la migración ha evolucionado hacia varios centros urbanos dentro de los Estados Unidos. Hoy, es común tener migrantes que permanecen por más tiempo a causa de la Ley Simpson-Rodino de 1986 que permitió a numerosos migrantes legalizar su estancia en el país.