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This article analyzes a series of extralegal procedures implemented by Guatemalans to acquire Mexican personal identification documents. The research focuses on the experiences of descendants of families who took refuge in Mexico during the 1980s and 1990s and returned to Guatemala between 1994 and 1996. These young people, born in Guatemala after their parents returned to their country of origin, employed the practice of buying Mexican birth certificates which were later used to enter Mexico legally. The fieldwork was carried out in two Guatemalan villages, as well as two Mexican ones, located in Cancun and Playa del Carmen. The main argument is that for them Mexican identification documents become a singular force that confers recognition and offers them the possibility to be incorporated into governmental logic which grants material benefits. Such forms of political imagination are related to the experiences of multiple documentation accumulated by older generations during their refuge period and are now encouraged by the Mexican State's new border security strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on current migration policies of the Spanish State aimed at promoting the socalled international mobility of young Spanish citizens over the last decade. From a socioanthropological perspective, it analyses these policies as part of government techniques embodied in an institutional and moral knowledge that helps shape new categories and subjectivities of immigrants by combining historical figures (adventurers, conquerors) and values of global economic elites (talent, ability to succeed, etcetera). Moreover, it is argued that, through these devices, a model for action emerges that turns so-called youth mobility into an emancipation force while denying the conditions of domination on which it is sustained. This paper attempts to contribute a greater understanding of the cultural and socio-political logics that justifies the present migration policies in the Spanish context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the increasing migration flows of Haitians to the America continent in the last decade, this paper reveals the consequences of the scales of governance, demonstrating the difficulty in developing a coherent governance beyond borders. Explaining the migratory control strategies, as proposed by Mariana Valverde's theory of jurisdiction and scale governance, the paper concludes that migrant crisis is caused by differentiated governance, affecting not only the Haitians but also the receiving communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The restructuring of citizenship has become a fundamental topic in the midst of contemporary debates surrounding the dynamics of immigrants. The research questions guiding this paper are: how are immigrant local dynamics reshaping citizenship? Why is the approach of immigrants and that of local governments towards citizenship so sharply contrasting? And, what are the consequences of these contrasts for immigrant incorporation? This paper presents a case study of the citizenship perspectives of Chicago's immigrants and of the city's government, contrasting the transnational approach emerged from below with a multicultural project posed from above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of “suffering” in the migratory experience of displaced Venezuelans on their way to Peru, in the context of departure, during the journey, and arrival context. Through a mixed qualitative methodology of participant observation and interviews, we seek to understand the significance of suffering in the different phases of the process. In the analyzed case, it was found that each phase corresponds to different motives and types of suffering and that others remain in the three stages. Although the concept of suffering is implicit in many recent academic contributions about the migration phenomenon, there is a need for adequate theoretical development of the suffering of Venezuelan displaced persons. This study contributes to the literature on migration and suffering, and at the same time, to the emerging literature on the Venezuelan exodus in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the process of return among the fourth largest South American immigrants groups in Spain: Argentines, Bolivians, Colombians and Ecuadorians. Using several sources of official data from Spain and Population Census from origin countries, the paper describes the incidence of return as well as returnees characteristics. Immigrants from Bolivia, who are the ones arriving later to Spain and having the largest numbers of irregular migrants have the highest return rates. Besides, we found that men are more likely to return and also that returnees have higher educational attainment and lower labor force participation rates that the whole population in origin countries. The study points several conceptual and methodological challenges for the study of return migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective is to analyze the importance of governance app. roach in order to reduce the violation of human rights of migrants under the Mexican immigration and security policies. The main contribution of this paper is to promote a model of governance for results that can guide effective implementation of the current Mexican immigration policy, particularly with regard to the Special Program for Migration (PEM, 2014-2018). The paper starts the premise that there is a limited app. roach of governance for results in Mexican migration policy and therefore, has not been reduced the insecurity and violence that affect the human rights of migrants in Mexico and particularly in the northern border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics and challenges of public and private migration policies developed in Andalusian municipalities. The methodologies focus on bibliographic reviews and dialogue with selected local governments, public and private organizations, and Andalusian universities. It is concluded that local migration policies consider the socio-legal migrant condition in the access to basic rights, that is necessary to go beyond the recreational in the intercultural activities to achieve migrant integration at the local level; and, that a mestizo vision is required at the Andalusian level as a tool to demystify cultural essentialism that makes unfeasible egalitarian intercultural dialogues. The originality of this work lies in a direct dialog with the main local agents in migrant integration in Andalusia, and its limits consist of the need to continue researching the relationship between the intercultural, solidarity economies, decrease, and co-development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes, in an articulated way, the trajectories experienced by a group of Syrian refugees hosted in Portugal, within the framework of the European relocation program (2015-2017), and the policies adopted, as well as the programs implemented, to host and integrate them in the country. From the development of an ethnographic methodology, the perspectives of the actors themselves of these processes were recovered. Through the analysis of their narratives, it was possible to detect a series of deficits, shortcomings, and development needs not covered in terms of refugee-hosting programs and integration policies, which can be synthesized into three main ones: language (lack of effective teaching of the Portuguese language), work (lack of support tools for its search and job placement) and training (lack of training). A fourth element to consider in the analysis is that of structural obstacles, fundamentally those of bureaucratic-clientele order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a bibliographic review of the main theoretical formulations that make migration processes dialogue with urban dynamics. From this, two records of academic literature arise. The first one, from a sociological approach, problematizes not only the modalities of gradual integration of immigrants into urban space but also the challenges resulting from the forms of occupation and transformation of the social, economic, cultural, and symbolic spaces of the city. The second one has a political science approach that explores the new analytical perspectives that reconstruct and reformulates the problems of the urban management of immigration, examining the different scenarios and factors that influence and shape the governance of immigration and cultural diversity in cities. These two approaches are significantly useful and have undeniable heuristic value to construct a modern immigration theory in the urban context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article examines the construction of the migration project of immigrants from rural areas in the department of Tarija, Bolivia, whose destination is the agricultural labor market in the Northwest of Argentina. This paper aims to analyze the impact of push and pull factors on the construction of male and female migration projects. To achieve this objective, an ethnographic methodological strategy was used based on in-depth interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the development of this paper, researches on migrants' health were reviewed and they showed a pathologizing perspective -related to biopower-. As an alternative to this perspective, I propose that the health of migrants should be approached by public health services based on reflections from social justice, specifically from Benhabib's ideas: the concrete other, which questions the homogenization of the subjects, and the right to have rights, which proposes that these be linked to the human condition, not to categories such as citizenship. This proposal is relevant, as the health impacts of migrants are linked to unequal living conditions, resulting from being considered risky to receiving societies. In that sense, the text's approaches could focus on alternatives to improve their health such as offering a guarantee of rights, improving their living conditions, and receiving differential health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration policies of the Dominican Republic (DR in the hereafter) have restricted the access to Dominican citizenship for thousands of Haitian children brought to this country during childhood, as well as for minors born in the DR from Haitian parents; that is Dominico-Haitian children. However, parents have not passively accepted this situation. The goal of this paper is to analyze two strategies of Haitian parents living in the DR for their children, set to minimize the negative effects of anti-immigrant policies: 1) obtaining official DR citizenship documents for their children, and 2) ensuring the attendance of children to both Dominican and Haitian schools. Also, the current situation of Haitian-origin populations in the DR is set into historical and political context here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the influence of social representations of a destination city on the motivation and development of individual mobility patterns, using questionnaires with a projective technique and guided interviews. The participants were 60 skilled expatriates in two different European capital cities: Italians residing in Warsaw and Poles residing in Rome. The study demonstrates the relevance of place-identity for the meaning of place within urban culture, in the context where global and local issues are interwoven. It also features the transformation of social representations of the two cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present the initial results of a study on Maya-Yucatecan migrant women who have settled permanently in Los Angeles, California. The reasons that led them to migrate are addressed as well as the way they came to the United States and joined the work force. Certain aspects that permitted their insertion into Los Angeles society are highlighted, together with identity recovery practices to show that adaptation to the host culture is slow, irregular and incomplete, but enough for them to deploy survival strategies. The paper is based on the assumption that female migration lends this phenomenon specific characteristic that warrant special attention. Accordingly, the analysis of the document is based on an interpretation of the meaning of the actions, for which the content of ten in-depth interviews conducted in Los Angeles in 2012 was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s a part of social researches has focused on structural transformations and social and subjective conditions of immigrant workers in Southern Europe agriculture (Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece). This paper is the result of a comparative analysis of these researches and it highlights the common aspects in the different territorial contexts, showing the main features of the labor and social condition of migrant workers. In conclusion, the paper recognizes that migrant labor has become the central element in the local agriculture, but this emergence has not been followed by a political and societal recognition and, so, migrant workers have remained at the margins of local policies and societies, constituting a new international proletariat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-parent families in immigration are a phenomenon that has scarcely been explored in Spain, despite the frequency of these forms of household among migrant women, particularly Latin American women who settle in this country. Poverty and single parenthood are two elements that often appear simultaneously in the trajectories of migrant women. The incidence of single parenthood among migrant women from Latin America—specifically Andean and Caribbean countries— resident in Spain will be analyzed in this article. The paper will show how Latin American women have a higher percentage of this type of household. This paper examines forms of entry into single parenthood, and the living conditions of these families once in Spain. It proves that emigrating in single parenthood conditions raises the risk of poverty in Spain. It will be proved that migration in single parenthood has different profiles in relation to the causes of the migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare the reproductive behavior between the Peruvian migrations South-South to Chile and South-North to Spain. We analyze different fertility indicators constructed from microdata to Chile Population Census (2012), Peru Population Census (2007) and Spanish Natural Population Movement (2007). The results show important differences in fertility between South-South and South-North Peruvian migrants, associated with the different patterns of selectivity, the greater weight of socialization in South-South migrants, and the importance of reception contexts in the degree of integration into the reproductive behavior of the host country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and analyzes the stages of the process of what is known in Spanish as Transmigración Placentera. The description of the phenomenon, we do it since the "Push-Pull" theoretical approach, which posits that human mobility responds to rational valuations by comparing elements in the place of origin and destination. In particular, we focus on describing and comparing the mobility of UK citizens who migrate to El Campello, Spain, and US citizens moving to Mazatlan, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family migration is one of the most important sources of human mobility across Europe. Directive 2003/86/EC has harmonized family reunification rules for thirdcountry nationals in order to ensure family life and social integration in each Member State. However, the European family reunification have consistently developed measures to control or "refuse" indirectly a specific profile of unwanted families. Thus, this paper seeks to take a critical approach on the legal protection of migrant families, looking mainly at how several legal conditions promote an ideal model of "good family" as the only form of effective integration in the EU context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing multilocality as a specific integration pattern among retirement migrants is the aim of the paper. The study shows how the search for quality of life leads retirees to make use of different properties, placed either in origin and/or destination countries. The results of quantitative and qualitative research point out that the property in the origin country is a key factor to explain migrant's lifestyle and their social integration in Spain. Furthermore, the multilocal behaviour is not equally distributed among the retirees, as it is conditioned by some migrant's socio-demographic features such as nationality or household income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we identify possible factors associated with the fact that a Colombian returned becomes an entrepreneur. The Colombia's 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data was used and Binary regression models were fitted. The probability of being an entrepreneur after returning to the country is associated with: have a role model, the individual's perception about their own capabilities and skills, the educational level, saving during the time living abroad and making contact with people which may be partners or suppliers in Colombia. Other studies to deepen into the factors associated with the entrepreneurship would be carried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the value appraisals that Paraguayan migrants make about their society of origin in contrast with the receiving country (Argentina), based on interviews and observations made in Gran Rosario (Santa Fe) between 2010 and 2013. From references to their trajectories, we analyze the development of migrant narratives, which are key elements of their construction of identity. This allows us to understand the dimensions that permeate these trajectories, their contradictions and their elaboration through the ambiguity of their value appraisals (Sayad, 2010a). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study what Chileans think about the growing immigration in their country. To this end, a telephone survey was applied to 1 110 citizens distributed throughout the country. The main findings indicate that citizens want to protect the cultural diversity that comes with immigration, but this occurs mostly at the level of individuals more than at a group level, similar to the model in the United States. Nevertheless, there is little clarity regarding the type of public policy that should be implemented in the country. Any such policy applied will face the challenge of combining weak multiculturalism with a state committed to protect social cohesion and promote the recognition of rights. Given that a telephone survey does not homogeneously cover all the social groups and segments of the national population, this limitation should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of labor income prior to migration on the income obtained by migrants in the destination economy, in the case of temporary Mexican migrants in the United States. The data used comes from the Emif Norte survey conducted between 1999 and 2009. High relative and absolute mobility is observed. Hourly income is multiplied by a factor of four in the destination economy, while the effect of a 10 % increase in labor income in Mexico results in less than a 1 % increase in labor income in the United States. The results show that labor income in Mexico has little predictive power for the job performance of Mexican migrants in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2001 to 2013, a total of 2,184 people died in the southern border region of Arizona. Approximately 75% of them perished from hyperthermia, heat stroke or dehydration. Although the environmental conditions in the Sonora-Arizona region clearly present a high risk, migrants continue to cross this region. Hence the aim of this study was to examine the perception of migrants as to the risk of high temperatures. Based on 27 interviews conducted in shelters in Agua Prieta and Ciudad Obregón, in Sonora, Mexico, it was found that only a third of the migrants interviewed considered the region's high temperatures to be a health problem. This paper concludes that this minimization of risk is due to an excess and saturation of dangers associated with violence against migrants in their journey through Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents a contribution to the knowledge about the experience of the Japanese community in rural areas of Argentina, particularly Buenos Aires (state) across the first half of the 20th century. With the objective of updating knowledge about this subject, a comparison was made between communities in peri-urban agricultural colonies: La Capilla, located in Florencio Varela, and Justo José de Urquiza, La Plata. We also focus on the origins, incursions, productive profiles, and the level of participation of Argentine and/or Japanese entities that influenced how each community developed, as well as successful companies and migrant settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La población magrebí ha sido uno de los colectivos inmigrantes más numerosos en el territorio español desde finales del siglo XX, lo que ha motivado que posea una notable representación en sus medios de comunicación. Por ello, este trabajo ha tenido como objetivo examinar el tratamiento de las informaciones publicadas sobre la población magrebí y los aspectos teóricos del binomio framing-mundo araboislámico en los periódicos de tirada nacional y regional en España durante la crisis. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se empleó una metodología mixta basada en el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo. El análisis concluye que el frame más habitual es el de interés humano, aunque se ofrezca una representación negativa de este colectivo, un hecho que puede derivar en actitudes y discursos críticos con lo araboislámico. The Maghreb population has been one of the largest groups of immigrants in Spain since the end of the 20th century. This has led to a noteworthy representation in the Spanish media. By focusing on national and regional newspapers during the economic crisis in Spain, the paper aims at examining the treatment of the Maghreb population and certain theoretical aspects of binomial framing of the Arab-Islamic world. A mixed methodology based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of content was used to carry out this study. The analysis concludes that the most common frame is human interest, although a negative representation of this group is offered, a fact that may lead to critical discourse and attitudes towards the Arab-Islamic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I propose to address the treatment of international migration by the State. In order to do so, I analyze public policies which do not focus on the subject but which impact strongly on the foreign population. Thus, I seek to shed light on logics which may obviate and/or contradict the ones established in migration laws. Such logics become evident when research is conducted from the social and symbolic margins of the State, working with a broad conceptualization of public policies. I exemplify the contributions made by this perspective with the analysis of four policies implemented by the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 2004 and 2014 in the Parque Indoamericano Villa Soldati, area with one of the highest percentages of migrant population residing in this city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the vulnerability of foreigners in the Spanish labor market by conducting empirical analysis based on Spanish statistics. This article goes in depth the tendencies (especially during the current financial crisis, 2008-2012) and the determinants of the vulnerability of foreign workers, mainly non-EU countries immigrants. On the one hand, an increase of unemployment rate of foreign workers, a loss of occupational biography, a long distant between Spanish and foreign salaries and finally, more difficulties to obtain incomes for foreigners, represent the main tendencies. On the other hand, the concentration in less qualified occupation, a higher rate of temporary contracts, the inflexible regulation and the decrease of the negotiation power of Spaniards, lead to suppose a higher vulnerability of foreigners in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of economic literature that has focused on immigrants in Chile and their entrepreneurship. This is despite evidence that suggests immigrants are proportionally more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities than local inhabitants. The objective of this paper is to explore the factors that influence individual's to engage in entrepreneurial activities among immigrants from South America in Chile. A rare event logit model was used to assess the factors that are likely to impact on entrepreneurial decision making processes. Results indicate that: length of residence, legal status on entry into the country, educational level and previous entrepreneurial experience influence the likelihood of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the problem of the subjectivity of agricultural workers, based on the hypothesis that they regard their living and working conditions as poor. Fieldwork was used to show their knowledge and opinions on their working and living situation in the San Joaquin Valley, California in 2007 and 2008. It was found that agricultural workers' views are based on the subjectivity and reinterpretation of their objective working and living circumstances. It was concluded that agricultural workers say that their conditions are appalling because their labor, social and human rights are not recognized or respected; the U.S. economic, social and political crisis is detrimental to them and the Free Trade Agreement between Mexico, the United States and Canada (NAFTA) could only benefit them through an immigration reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the category of social reproduction strategies to explain the origin and meaning of the social practices of the inhabitants of a rural periurban territory, which in recent years has been subject to an intense territorial reconfiguration process, caused mainly by migration. The approach, based on an analysis of the reproductive dynamics of households, examines the various ways in which social aspects are reproduced in a rural area under stress due to its interaction with processes and actors from other areas. It also helps to explain and understand the nature of the social conditionings present in the social practices undertaken by the actors who construct this periurban territory on a daily basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the contemporary migration of Bolivian women to Cordoba, Argentina. It seeks to reconstruct the fragments that constitute the personal trajectories of these women and the roles they assume in the migration process, taking into account the images, practices and representations that Bolivian women elaborate and express in regard to their condition as Bolivians, women and migrants. It will show that by recovering the migratory experiences of those women it is possible to identify the strategies that Bolivian families implement in the development and consolidation of the migration project to Córdoba. To this end, a qualitative methodology is chosen, combining participant observation and in-depth interviews with Bolivian migrants, both women and men, who arrived in Córdoba between the second half of the 20th century and the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a novelty in the long tradition of Bolivian migration to Argentina: an increasing number of Bolivian people settling in the south of the country. In her research, the author has analyzed the case of the Bolivian community in the Ushuaia city, which was still unexplored. In this paper she presents some of these research results, related to Bolivians' migratory experience and the mechanisms behind their settlement patterns. She argues that the presence of Bolivians in Ushuaia is due to a local logic, involving state and regional markets, and to a mechanism of Bolivian migration in Argentina as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an anthropological approach to the particularities of international migration to the United States from an ethnic region in Veracruz, a Nahua municipality located on the Zongolica Mountains, through the analysis of the sociodemographic profiles and trajectories of the migrants. To this end, ethnographic and historical data is provided in order to explain the triggers of the international migration process in Veracruz. The research was carried out through 34 surveys and 16 interviews which explore various features of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on specific aspects of the relationships and dynamics used by the habitants of two Michoacan localities to maintain a way of life that engages in practices that links several places within a transnational space dimension. There, work activities, culture, marital and familial relations are produced, transported and transformed by those involved immigratory flows. They show how families, particularly wives, respond and reorganize to survive the migration of one or more of their members, or their own migration. They construct ways of life in which long distance married life, female work and a greater role in decision-making become commonplace infamily reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last quarter of the 20th century, Argentina was still concentrating the largest amount of intra-regional migrants in the southern cone of Latin America, whereas the number of Bolivian, Paraguayan, Uruguayan and Argentine migrants in Brazil was also increasing. This paper identifies the differences and transformations in the education and labor profile of new and old regional migrants recorded in Argentina and Brazil. Thus, it analyzes the distribution following the criterion of education level and occupation of migration cohorts determined by the year in which residence was taken up in both countries. It also shows differences between native and migrant workers. The conclusion arrived to is that in Argentina, the higher schooling of the new regional migrants did not substantially affect the segregation in occupations with a lower qualification, in branches such as agriculture, construction, manufacturing and housework. In Brazil, the increase in the number of Paraguayans, Bolivians, Uruguayans and Argentinians coming in matched a heterogeneization of the predominantly qualified profiles of the last three groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that the fight against the so-called clandestine immigration is one of the priority principles of the European policy on immigration, the unauthorized migration flows have continued to increase in recent years in countries like Spain. The factors that must be taken into account when searching for explanations and alternatives to this phenomenon are numerous, one of which is situated in the legal field. Considering the Spanish case as a benchmark, this paper tries to point out the deficiency of the legal measures that have been taken so far to face the issue of irregular immigration. These questions demonstrate the need of a thorough review of the mechanisms that currently constitute the legal answer to irregularity, giving priority, as this article suggests, to flexible channels which allow human mobility in the shape of economic migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes one type of transnational migrant practices, affective and care ties, from a family perspective, including the overlapping of productive and reproductive spheres. It uses a transnational perspective on migration to explore the relationships and practices linking migrants to their societies of origin. To this end, it examines the practices of 'transnational families' in two migrant groups: Peruvian and Ecuadorian migrants living in Spain and their counterparts in their countries of origin. The study explores the elements of continuity and change in family relations as a result of migratory processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how, although the emigration of Chiapas residents to the United States is a recent phenomenon, it has its roots in internal migrations to increasingly distant places. The author traces its development from 1925 to 2003, describing some of the salient characteristics of these migrants: such as the means of transport used to reach the northern border, sources of financing for carrying out the trip, the migratory experience, crossing points, municipalities of origin and places of destination, using data from the Survey on Migration from Mexico's Northern Border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]