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Since the end of the Cold War, the concept of power has witnessed several changes in international relations. It is possible to distinguish between two levels of change in the concept of power: a level specific to the actor who possesses power, especially with non-state actors possessing some sources of power and influence, and a level specific to the components of power and the various forms that force takes. The state is no longer the only active entity in international relations, but several other international actors have emerged that play a vital role in the international arena. As social media has a strategic role in international political interactions, it can be considered one of the non-state actors that can influence the developments of regional and global events. This study clarifies social media's repercussions in light of political crises and wars. It attempts to understand the new developments in social media and then develop a future vision for the role of these media in light of crises and wars for the decision-makers. The study has been divided into two sections. The first is the conceptual and theoretical framework of the study, and it includes two questions: what social media are - their types and characteristics - and what political crises and wars are. The second section discusses crises and wars in light of the growing impact of social media, and it includes two questions: the role of social networks in crises and wars and the new information war - the role of social media in the conflict. The study concludes that social media has become one of the most influential factors in shaping the public opinion to pressure decision-makers and creating the operational environment, suggesting civil and military response measures. The study also indicates that terrorist entities use social media for recruitment, providing training tools and resources, raising money, advertising their operations, and shaping the public perception of the ongoing hostilities. In addition, social media is a fertile environment for the rapid spread and circulation of rumors. The study recommends the need to stop harmful disinformation campaigns on social media by establishing effective control and strict guidelines for data management, in addition to the need for citizens to improve their ability to withstand misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2000, the political leaders in Turkey and Syria succeeded in creating a new scene for Turkish-Syrian relations after witnessing many difficulties over the years for historical, political, security, and ideological reasons. However, the relations between Ankara and Damascus quickly deteriorated and turned into regional and international alignments following the outbreak of the Arab Spring revolutions and their transfer into Syria, and the direct Turkish military interference after that in Syria. This research attempts to answer several questions: has Turkey modified its Syrian policy, which was adopted a decade ago? Why did it do that if there were any shifts in this direction, and where did these shifts' indicators and reasons emerge? What stage did Turkey's policy toward Syria reach, and what are the possibilities of a new shift in the Turkish position after eleven years of the crisis? The study tries to answer these questions, presenting the shape of the expected new Turkish vision, the motives for Ankara's review of its relations with many local and regional players that are influential in this file, and the scenarios for the next stage. The study is divided into five main axes; Turkey and the Syrian crisis after eleven years, the reasons for the shift in Turkey's Syrian policy: local, regional and international factors, indicators of the shift in Turkey's Syrian policy, how Turkey will deal with the influential players in the Syrian file, such as the Syrian opposition, Russia, Iran, America, and others, in addition to Turkey itself, and the scenarios for the next stage in Syria. The study concludes that the new Turkish position in dealing with the file of the Syrian crisis has become an inevitable necessity with specific objectives. The most important of which is the rapid Turkish move to review the Syrian policy and put forward a new strategy to deal with all segments of the Syrian society and prevent the Syrian crisis from turning into a cold war that will last more. The study also concludes the need to activate coordination and cooperation with international, regional, service, social, and humanitarian organizations to secure the opening of crossing points and facilitate the entry and arrival of aid to meet the needs of the displaced and address the unbearable living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]