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Aim. Study of the ability to synthesize extracellular auxins, cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) by endophytic and saprotrophic Penicillium funiculosum strains. Methods. Specific biotesting for auxin and cytokinin activities. Quantitative spectrodensitometric thin-layer chromatography. Results. It was shown that the fungal culture filtrates (CF) of P. funiculosum established auxin and cytokinin activities. As a result of study of qualitative and quantitative content of the three classes of phytohormones, was demonstrated that the endophytic strain synthesized high level of physiologically active form of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid) by 55%, cytokinins (zeatin) by 97% and 76% by abscisic acid than saprotrophic one. Conclusions. The studied P. funiculosum strains from different ecotopes synthesized auxins, cytokinins and ABA. The levels and ratio of hormones-stimulants and ABA synthesized by P. funiculosum strains evidence to the possibility of forming of different types of relationships with plants - mutualistic and/or associative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Study of the general phytostimulating and gibberellic activities, as well as qualitative and quantitative composition of extracellular gibberellins of endophytic and saprotrophic Penicillium funiculosum strains. Methods. Microbiological, physiological and physico-chemical (HPLC/MS) research methods. Results. It was established that the phytostimulating activity of endophytic P. funiculosum strain was clearly indicated in undiluted culture filtrate (CF) and in 1: 100 ÷ 1: 500 dilutions, whereas for saprotroph it was significantly lower and was observed only at certain dilutions (1:400 and 1:500). In specific gibberellic biotest the CF extract of endophytic strain was three times more active than saprotrophic one - 30% and 10%, respectively. HPLC/MS analysis showed that endophytic and saprotrophic P. funiculosum strains synthesize gibberellins: GA3 (6.8 ng/g dw and 4.1 ng/g dw, respectively), GA4 (4.9 ng/g dw and 11.6 ng/g dw) and trace amounts of GA7. Conclusions. The studied endophytic and saprotrophic P. funiculosum strains were able to synthesize biologically active gibberellins GA3, GA4 and GA7, that may play an important physiological role in the formation of symbiotic and associative relationships with plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Study of endo-, exoglucanase and xylanase activities on the nutrient medium with wheat straw of Penicillium funiculosum strains from different habitats. Methods. The objects of the study were 20 endophytic and soil P. funiculosum strains from culture collection of microscopic fungi of Department of Physiology and Taxonomy of Micromycetes of D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NASU. Endo-, exoglucanase and xylanase activities were determined quantitative by method with 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Results. Both trophic groups of P. funiculosum were able to synthesize cellulolytic enzyme complex and xylanase. Endo-, exoglucanase and xylanase activities varied at the strain level and were higher for endophytic strains. The maximum values of endo-, exoglucanase and xylanase activities of endophytic strains reached 0.35 ± 0.07, 0.063 ± ± 0.002 and 96.1 ± 2.42 U/ml, respectively. Conclusions. Cellulase and xylanase activities of endophytic and soil P. funiculosum strains were investigated by quantitative methods for the first time. The level of the studied enzymatic activities depended on fungal strain. Endophytic strains characterized by the maximum and minimum cellulolytic and xylanase activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]