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Nanotechnology has gained momentum in recent years in the field of drug delivery, includingnanomedicine and nano-delivery systems. Several applications such as biological agents,chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapeutic agents are used for the treatment of a number ofdiseases. This review compiles an updated summary on recent developments in this emerging fieldof nanomedicines and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. The study of nanostructureddrug delivery systems helps to understand the efficient transport and controlled release of drugs tothe diseased tissues of living organisms. This has stimulated the authors to highlight recent advancesin smart nanocarriers composed of biopolymeric nanoparticles such as liposomes, dendrimers, andhydrogels. This review also highlights some critical issues in the design of nanocarrier systems forbiomedical applications.