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"Perspectives on Kuhn: Contemporary Approaches to the Philosophy of Thomas Kuhn" is a book that emerged from a conference in Argentina and Uruguay, featuring five substantial papers and five commentaries. The topics covered in the book include epistemological coherentism, the philosophical nature of 'structure,' the theoretical background of Kuhn's philosophy, incommensurability, and 'world change.' The papers present new claims and assessments of Kuhn's philosophy, while the commentaries highlight potential issues and areas for further exploration. The book offers valuable insights into Kuhn scholarship and is a well-structured and accomplished collection. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the publication of Francis Skinner's papers, which were lecture notes and dictations he had taken of Ludwig Wittgenstein in the mid-1930s. The papers were sent to mathematician Reuben Goodstein after Skinner's death, but were left unnoticed in an archive for many years. The collection includes various texts on different topics, providing insight into Wittgenstein's philosophy. However, the article questions the meaningful unity of the texts and suggests that their association with Skinner does not necessarily reveal anything significant about Wittgenstein's thought. Despite this, the article acknowledges the value of the texts for those interested in Wittgenstein's work. [Extracted from the article]

The denial of research misconduct no longer really holds sway, open science is on the rise, as are data papers and a more qualitative evaluation of researchers. It offers anyone interested in scientific integrity and research misconduct an excellent point of entry into the field, enabling them to identify the relevant themes, the most high-profile cases, and the way in which scientists handle research misconduct (or not). Standing on the shoulders of giants with feet of clay: Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis: Fraud in the lab: the high stakes of scientific research. [Extracted from the article]

Daniel J. Nicholson and John Dupré's edited collection of papers in I Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology i is an excellent example of the skillful sampling of an on-going approach in philosophy of science. Everything flows: towards a processual philosophy of biology. I especially warmly recommend it to those philosophers exposed chiefly to the standard topics and approaches in philosophy of biology and in philosophy of science more generally. [Extracted from the article]

Finally, Price returns to the theme of Big Science and notes some of the changes in science and scientific practice in the age of Big Science. Price found that, for every 100 scientists who publish only one article during their career, there are 25 scientists who publish two articles, about 11 who publish three articles, about six scientists who publish four articles, and so on. A second, enlarged edition of the book was published in 1986, shortly after Price died, with the title I Little Science, Big Science ... and Beyond i . Let us briefly consider the impact of I Little Science, Big Science i , which was deemed a "Citation Classic" in 1983 (see Price [11], 18). [Extracted from the article]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-024-00978-6.Correction to: Metasciencehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-024-00978-6The original online version of the paper has been updated to correct the title from "Philosophical data and the ti-level method" to "Philosophical data and the tri-level method".Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.By Kaj André ZellerReported by Author [Extracted from the article]

Women and girls campaigned to write exactly the same examinations as boys and men - in a kind of judo move, turning examination infrastructures against their opponents. Assignments saw students looking up where one could hire someone to write one's test, comparison shopping at essay mills for the cheapest "B" grade papers, and asking how many students used "smart drugs" on important examinations. Sameness, schools, and satire: James Elwick: Making a grade: Victorian examinations and the rise of standardized testing. I Making a Grade i notes some cases in which examinations were subsequently used as evidence to criticize or censure examiners who put unfair questions on their tests; in one case, a physiology examination was subsequently shown to have no actual questions about physiology. [Extracted from the article]

I Understanding DNA Ancestry i is his latest book, in which many of the topics he studied are integrated and illustrated using the example of DNA ancestry. What DNA ancestry testing can and cannot tell us: Sheldon Krimksy: Understanding DNA ancestry. However, while reading, I was pleasantly surprised, and even mesmerized, by the way the author presented the different aspects of DNA ancestry testing. [Extracted from the article]

The thesis of the book is that, given the dictatorship-driven interest in applied science, especially in the early years of the regime with autarky as its goal, pharmacy and biology were much closer than in other countries where basic science was more highly esteemed and funded. The editors explain this interest in autarky as a response of Franco's government to the political and economic isolation inflicted on the dictatorship by the Allies (11). The co-fashioning of the two disciplines due to the emphasis Franco's regime placed on applied science is the working hypothesis of the research project behind this book. [Extracted from the article]

Others gesture at a "middle path" toward which sophisticated realists and anti-realists/instrumentalists may be converging, like the contributions by Smith and Miyake, Stanford, and, somewhat, Chakravartty. Second, Ladyman identifies three related problems that are relevant to both realists/anti-realists and have to do with (a) idealization, (b) scale, and (b) how ontologies of science relate. Adopting commensurability, the Maddy/Wilson principle, and a historically motivated moderate particularism leaves middle path realists/anti-realists (henceforth, realists/anti-realists) with other issues to navigate. [Extracted from the article]

No philosophers who have attempted to understand Bohr's philosophy would deny that the analysis of physical experiments was the key stone in Bohr's interpretation. But Perovi'c urges that we cannot grasp Bohr's vision of physics unless we first understand how deeply Bohr's view built on the traditional inductive methods of scientific experimentation. Niels Bohr's experimentalist approach to understanding quantum mechanics: Slobodan Perovi'c: From data to quanta: Niels Bohr's vision of physics. [Extracted from the article]

His contributions to the philosophy of mathematics also needed books, but unlike Green and Boole, he could afford to buy books, both old and new, for himself. It is the mathematician's task to bring mathematics to ever-greater heights. Chapter 5 explains that mathematics is useful for science because mathematics is a material practice that involves thinking with things, experiments and the material environment in an abstract space. [Extracted from the article]